Feudal barony of Plympton
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The feudal barony of Plympton (or Honour of Plympton) was a large feudal barony in the county of Devon, England, whose caput was Plympton Castle and manor,[1] Plympton. It was one of eight feudal baronies in Devonshire which existed during the medieval era.[2] It included the so-called Honour of Christchurch in Hampshire (now in Dorset), which was not however technically a barony.[3] The de Redvers family, first holders of the barony, were also Lords of the Isle of Wight, which lordship was not inherited by the Courtenays, as was the barony of Plympton, as it had been sold to the king by the last in the line Isabel de Redvers, 8th Countess of Devon (1237–1293).
History
[edit]Domesday Book origins
[edit]Many of the lands which later formed the feudal barony of Plympton were formerly held by two Devon Domesday Book tenants-in-chief of King William the Conqueror (1066–1087):
- Robert d'Aumale (fl. 1086) (Latinised to de Albemarle), who lands are listed in 17 entries in the Domesday Book of 1086.[4] who was lord of Aumale in Normandy, now in the département of Seine-Maritime, France.[5]
- William de Poilley.[6]
Descent
[edit]The descent of the feudal barony of Plympton was as follows:
de Redvers
[edit]
- Richard de Redvers (died 1107), was granted the barony (with many other estates) by King Henry I (1100–1135), of which king he was a most trusted supporter. The lands comprising the barony were before this time part of the royal demesne of King William the Conqueror, as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086.[7]
- Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon (died 1155), son and heir, created first Earl of Devon by the Empress Matilda during The Anarchy.
- Richard de Redvers, 2nd Earl of Devon (died 1162), son.
- Baldwin de Redvers, 3rd Earl of Devon (died 1188), son, died childless.
- Richard de Redvers, 4th Earl of Devon (died c. 1193), brother, died childless.
- William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon (died 1217), uncle
- Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon (1217–1245), grandson. He was a minor at the death of his grandfather and thus became a ward of the king, who in 1218 granted possession of the barony to:
- Falkes de Breauté (died 1226), who married Margaret, mother of his ward the 6th Earl. His estates were confiscated in 1224 and remained in the king's hands until Baldwin attained his majority in 1238.
- Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon (1236–1262), son, died childless.
- Isabel de Redvers, 8th Countess of Devon (1237–1293), sister. She was married at a young age to William de Forz, 4th Earl of Albemarle (died 1260). She was predeceased by all six of her children by William de Forz. After her death in 1293 aged 56 the feudal barony of Plympton[8] and eventually the earldom of Devon passed to her 17-year-old second cousin once removed[9] Hugh de Courtenay (1276–1340),[8] feudal baron of Okehampton, Devon, who in 1335 was declared Earl of Devon.[10][11] He was the great-grandson of Mary de Vernon (daughter of William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon (died 1217)) and her husband Robert de Courtenay (died 1242), feudal baron of Okehampton.[12] In 1314/15 he petitioned parliament, unsuccessfully, claiming his right to the lordship of the Isle of Wight and to the adjacent manor of Christchurch,[13] Hampshire, as heir of Isabella.[14]
Courtenay
[edit]
- Robert de Courtenay (died 1242), feudal baron of Okehampton, son of Reginald de Courtenay (died 1194) by his wife Hawise de Curcy (died 1219), heiress of Okehampton. He married Mary de Vernon, daughter of William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon (died 1217), feudal baron of Plympton. From this marriage the Courtenays later inherited the barony of Plympton in 1293 and in 1335 were declared Earls of Devon.[15]
- John de Courtenay (died 1274),[10] (son) who married Isabel de Vere, daughter of Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford (c. 1210 – 1263)
- Sir Hugh de Courtenay (died 1292),[10] (son) who married Eleanor le Despenser (died 1328), daughter of Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester (1261–1326).
- Hugh Courtenay, 9th Earl of Devon (1276–1340),[10] (son). In 1293 on the death of his cousin Isabella de Forz, Countess of Devon (1237–1293) (eldest daughter of Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon (1217–1245), feudal baron of Plympton in Devon[8]) he became heir to the feudal barony of Plympton,[8] and in 1335 was declared Earl of Devon. The descent of the feudal barony of Okehampton thenceforth follows the descent of the earldom of Devon.[16] In 1539 King Henry VIII seized the lands of the barony and had Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter (died 1539) executed for treason.[17] The Earldom of Devon became forfeit, and the Courtenay lands in Cornwall escheated (i.e. reverted) to the crown to be held by the Duchy of Cornwall.
List of constituent manors
[edit] |
The barony comprised originally the following manors held in-chief per baroniam:
| No. of knight's fees 4 Edw II | Name of Fee in Domesday | Name of Tenant in Domesday* | current or last known name |
| 1 fee, 100s | Aveton | Roald Dubbed | Aveton Gifford |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Lobe | Roald Dubbed | Lobb & North Lobb, Braunton |
| 1 fee, 100s | Podiford | Roald Dubbed | West Putford |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Wenford | Roald Dubbed | Wonford in Thornbury, Black Torrington |
| Merland | Roald Dubbed | Peters Marland | |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Sigeford | Roald Dubbed | Sigford in Ilsington |
| [part of] Peeke or Tamerlande* | Roald Dubbed | Northcott | |
| Plympton | William of Poilley | Radford next to Goosewell | |
| 1 fee, 100s | Witcerce | Roald Dubbed | Whitchurch |
| 1 fee, 100s | Lanbretone | Roald Dubbed | Lamerton |
| 3/4 fee, 75s | Chempbere | Roald Dubbed | East & West Kimber in Northlew |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Radecliua | Roald Dubbed | Great Rutleigh |
| 1 fee, 100s | Were | Roald Dubbed | Weare Giffard |
| 1/12 fee, 8s 4d | Polham | Roald Dubbed | Pulham |
| 1 fee, 100s | Colecome | Robert of Aumale | Collacombe |
| Weslege | Robert of Aumale | Westleigh | |
| 3 1/2 fees, 350s | Stoghes | Robert of Aumale | Stoke, Plymouth |
| 1 fee, 100s | odelea | Robert of Aumale | Woodleigh |
| 1 fee, 100s | Beuleie | Robert of Aumale | Beenleigh |
| 1 fee, 100s | Flutes | Robert of Aumale | Fleet |
| 1/6 fee, 16s 8d | Witewei | Baldwin FitzGilbert | Whiteway, Kingsteignton |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Elforde | Robert Bastard | Efford |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Gosewelle | William of Poilley | Goosewell |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Haroldesore | William of Poilley | Hazard |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Cumbe | Robert the Bastard | Combe Royal |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Blacheurde | Robert the Bastard | Blackford in Cornwood or Blatchworthy in Stoodleigh |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Robert the Bastard | Lovaton | |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Bicheford | Robert Bastard | Bickford |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Bachestane | Robert Bastard | [West & East] Backstone |
| 1 fee, 100s / 1 fee, 100s | Ilestintona | Ralph Pagan | Ilsington / Ingston (near Haytor Rocks) |
| 1 fee, 100s | Ascerewelle | William of Poilley | Shirwell |
| 1 fee, 100s | Essestone | Emma of Hellean | Higher Ashton |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Hacheurde | Emma of Hellean | Hakeworthy in Tedburn St Mary |
| 1/6 fee, 16s 8d | Emma of Hellean | Hilion's Mill & Hilions Barton, Sandford | |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Leuge | Godbold the Bowman | Doddiscombsleigh |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Lewendone | Godbold the Bowman | Lowton |
| 1 fee, 100s | Brigeford | Godbold the Bowman | Brushford |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Molecote | Godbold the Bowman | Mullacott |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Burne | Godbold the Bowman | Burn, Silverton (part of Tarrant Rushton hamlet) |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Helescaue | Godbold the Bowman | Hele Barton |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Cliforda / Halestou | Godbold the Bowman | Clifford (or East Clifford) |
| Carme | Godbold the Bowman | North & South Quarm in Somerset | |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Stoches | Nicholas the Bowman | Stokeinteignhead |
| 1 fee, 100s | Grennelize | Nicholas the Bowman | Greenslinch in Silverton |
| 1 fee, 100s | Rachun | Nicholas the Bowman | Middle Rocombe |
| 1 fee, 100s | Bochelande | Nicholas the Bowman | Challermoor? / Buckland-in-the-Moor |
| 1 fee, 100s | Bagetore | Nicholas the Bowman | Bagtor |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Woguwel | Nicholas the Bowman | Church Ogwell in East Ogwell |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Estapeleia | Nicholas the Bowman | Staplehill, Teignbridge |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Holebeme | Nicholas the Bowman | Hobbin in East Ogwell |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | clist | Osbern of Sacey | Clyst Gerred |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Begeurde | William of Poilley | Beaworthy |
| 1 fee, 100s | Baldwin FitzGilbert | Friars Hele | |
| 1 fee, 100s | Yudeford | Nicholas the Bowman | Ideford |
| Fulcher the Bowman | |||
| 2/3 fee, 66s | Esselingeforda | Fulcher the Bowman | Shillingford St George |
| Ferentone | Fulcher the Bowman | Farringdon, Buddleigh | |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Colum | Fulcher the Bowman | Columbjohn |
| 1 fee, 100s | Sandford | William of Poilley | Sampford Spiney |
| Tauetone | William the Conqueror | North Tawton | |
| 1 fee, 100s | Pontimore | Halmaic of Arcis | Poltimore |
| 1/2 fee, 50s / 1/4 fee, 25s | Baverdone / Torintone | King William / Baldwin the Sheriff / King William | Beaford |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Bradestone | William the Conqueror | Bradstone |
| 1/5 fee, 20s | Nochecote | Gerard | Nitchacott, Tiverton |
| 1/4 fee, 25s / 1/6 fee, 16s 8d | Levelege | Godbold the Bowman / Leofric | Lowley |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Cadebirie | William of Poilley | Cadbury |
| [portion of] 1 fee, 100s | Ulfaldeshodes | William of Poilley | Woolfardisworthy |
| [portion of] 1 fee, 100s | Blachegrave | William of Poilley / Judhael of Totnes | Blagrove |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Trule | Ralph Paynel | Throwleigh |
| 1 fee, 100s | Roald Dubbed | Luffincott | |
| Hanemardun | Roald Dubbed | Hemerdon | |
| Docheorde | Roald Dubbed | (Little & West) Dockworthy (& Dockworthy Cross) | |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Plumtrei | Odo son of Gamelin | Plymtree |
| 1/5 fee, 20s | Lege | William of Poilley | Challonsleigh |
| 1 fee, 100s | Brige | Roald Dubbed | Bridgerule |
| Robert Bastard | Plympton | ||
| 1/3 fee, 33s 4d | Ermentone | King William | Ermington |
| 1 fee, 100s | Teweberie | Robert of Aumale | Thuborough |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Lanforda | Osbern of Sacey | Little Lamford in Cheriton Bishop |
| 2 fees, 200s | Stokenham | ||
| 1/2 + 1/10 fee, 60s | William the Conqueror | Witheridge | |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Judhel of Totnes | ||
| 3/4 fee, 75s | Judhel of Totnes | Compton | |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Gildescote | Robert of Aumale | Gidcott |
| 3/4 fee, 75s | Wiche | Robert of Aumale | [Cookbury] Wick |
| 2 fees, 200s | Roald Dubbed | Twigbear | |
| 1 1/2 fees, 150s | Whitefelle | Robert of Aumale | Whitefield near Bittadon (in Marwood) |
| 1 fee, 100s | Godelege | Robert of Aumale | Goodleigh |
| 1/4 fee, 25s | Estocha | William of Poilley | Stoke Rivers |
| 1/5 fee, 20s | Derte | William of Poilley | Dart Raffe |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Worth | William of Poilley | Worth in Washfield |
| Derte | William of Poilley | Dart (in Cadeleigh) | |
| Bovelie | William of Poilley | Bowley in Cadbury | |
| Cressewalde | Ralph Paynel | Kerswell in Broadhembury | |
| Godbold the Bowman | Whiteheathfield in Cullompton | ||
| Codeford | Odo son Edwin of Butterleigh | Coddiford | |
| Clist | Odo son Edwin of Butterleigh | Clyst William in Plymtree | |
| Topeshant | William the Conqueror | Topsham | |
| Crochewella | Roald Dubbed | Crockernwell | |
| Seluestan | Osbern of Sacey | Shilstone in Drewsteignton | |
| Cageffort | Ralph Paynel | Wonston with Morchington in Throwleigh | |
| Witestani | William de Ow | Whitstone | |
| Dunesford | Sæwulf | Sowton or Little Dunsford in Dunsford | |
| Dunsedoc | Ralph Paynel | Dunchideock | |
| Leualiga | King's military thane (Godbold or Godebold the Bowman) | Lowly in Doddiscombsleigh | |
| Assecote | William of Poilley | Assecote [?] | |
| Forhode | William of Poilley | Farwood Barton (in Talaton?) | |
| Bichelie | William of Poilley | Bickleigh | |
| Bichecome | Robert of Aumale | Bickham Barton near Bickham Moor | |
| Merehode | Robert of Aumale | Marwood | |
| Mideltone | Robert of Aumale | Milton Damerel | |
| Odetreu | Robert of Aumale | Ottery | |
| Oladone | Baldwin FitzGilbert | Woollaton | |
*Domesday tenants identified in Testa de Nevil[18][19]
The following fees originally held by Alfred the Breton may have also been part of the Honour[20]
| No. of knight's fees 4 Edw II | Name of Fee in Domesday | Name of Tenant in Domesday | current name |
| 1 fee, 100s | Morlei | Alfred the Breton | Moreleigh |
| 1 fee, 100s | Bacheleford | Alfred the Breton | Battleford in Ipplepen |
| 1 fee, 100s | Lege | Alfred the Breton | Grimpstonleigh in Moreleigh |
| 1 fee, 100s | Grismetone | Alfred the Breton | Grimstone in Blackawton |
| 1 fee, 100s | Tambretone | Alfred the Breton | Tamerton Foliot |
| 1 fee, 100s | Tawi | Alfred the Breton | Peter Tavy |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Blachestane | Alfred the Breton | Blaxton |
| 1 fee, 100s | Mideltone | Alfred the Breton | Horsewell / South Milton |
| 1/2 fee, 50s | Sprei | Alfred the Breton | Sprytown aka Spry in Stowford |
| 1 fee, 100s | Esseberie | Alfred the Breton | Ashbury |
| 1 fee, 100s | Wifleurde | Alfred the Breton | Willsworthy in Peter Tavy |
| 1 fee, 100s | Bucheside | Alfred the Breton | Budockshed |
| Corneurde | Alfred the Breton | Curworthy farm in Shirwell | |
| 1 fee, 100s | Genelie | Alfred the Breton | Ingleigh (Green) in Broadwoodkelly |
| 1 fee, 100s | Ulgeberge | Alfred the Breton | Ugborough |
| Alfred the Breton | Redway in Rewe |
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References
[edit]- ^ Thorn & Thorn, part 2, chapter 1,17
- ^ Sanders, Contents, pp. ix–xi; the others being Bampton, Bradninch, Great Torrington, Barnstaple, Berry Pomeroy, Totnes, Okehampton
- ^ Sanders, p.112
- ^ Thorn, Caroline & Frank, (eds.) Domesday Book, (Morris, John, gen.ed.) Vol. 9, Devon, Parts 1 & 2, Phillimore Press, Chichester, 1985, part 2, Chapter 28
- ^ Thorne & Thorne, part 2 (notes), chapter 28
- ^ Thorn, part 2, Chapter 21
- ^ Sanders, p.137
- ^ a b c d Sanders, p.138
- ^ Both shared common ancestry from William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon (died 1217), Isabel's great-grandfather and Courtenay's great-great-grandfather
- ^ a b c d Sanders, p.70
- ^ Cokayne 1916, pp. 323–4
- ^ Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, new edition, vol.IV, p.317, pedigree chart "The Heirs of Richard FitzBaldwin"
- ^ Sanders, p.112: The manor of Christchurch, sometimes called a barony, was part of the barony of Plympton, granted by King Henry I to Richard de Redvers (died 1107), but was sold together with the Isle of Wight to the crown by Isabella
- ^ Charter XXII, published in Appendix to Worsley, Sir Richard, History of the Isle of Wight, London, 1781
- ^ Sanders, pp.70, 138
- ^ Pole, p.5
- ^ Historic England. "OKEHAMPTON CASTLE (440855)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 5 March 2011.
- ^ GENUKI. "Genuki: The Honour of Plymton and the Whitchurch Fee, Devon". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ "Home | Domesday Book". opendomesday.org. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ "Alfred the Breton", Wikipedia, 22 April 2022, retrieved 14 July 2022
Sources
[edit]- Cokayne, G. E. (1916). Gibbs, Vicary & Doubleday, H. Arthur (eds.). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant (Dacre to Dysart). Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). London: The St Catherine Press.
- Pole, Sir William (died 1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, pp. 6–11, Plimton
- Sanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086–1327, Oxford, 1960, pp. 137–8, Barony of Plympton
- Thorn, Caroline & Frank, (eds.) Domesday Book, (Morris, John, gen.ed.) Vol. 9, Devon, Parts 1 & 2, Phillimore Press, Chichester, 1985, chapter 1,17