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Ferrari 156 F1

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Ferrari 156
CategoryFormula One
ConstructorFerrari
Designer(s)Vittorio Jano (Technical Director)
Carlo Chiti (Chief Designer)
Predecessor246 F1/246 P
Successor158
Technical specifications
ChassisTubular Spaceframe
EngineFerrari Type 178, 1,476 cc (90.1 cu in), 120° V6 2 valves per cylinder DOHC, naturally aspirated Mid-engined, longitudinally mounted
TransmissionFerrari Type 543/C 5-speed manual
FuelShell
TyresDunlop
Competition history
Notable entrantsScuderia Ferrari
FISA
Scuderia Sant Ambroeus
Notable driversUnited States Phil Hill
West Germany Wolfgang von Trips
United States Richie Ginther
Belgium Willy Mairesse
Italy Giancarlo Baghetti
Mexico Ricardo Rodríguez
Italy Lorenzo Bandini
United Kingdom John Surtees
Italy Ludovico Scarfiotti
Debut1961 Monaco Grand Prix
RacesWinsPolesF/Laps
29777
Constructors' Championships2 (1961, 1964)[1]
Drivers' Championships1 (1961Phil Hill)
n.b. Unless otherwise stated, all data refer to
Formula One World Championship Grands Prix only.

The Ferrari 156 was a racing car made by Ferrari in 1961 to comply with then-new Formula One regulations that reduced engine displacement from 2.5- to 1.5-litres, similar to the pre-1961 Formula Two class for which Ferrari had developed a mid-engined car also called 156 F2.

Phil Hill won the 1961 World Championship of Drivers[2] and Ferrari secured the 1961 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers,[3] both victories achieved with the 156.[4]

Development

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Sharknose

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The 1961 version was affectionately dubbed "sharknose" due to its characteristic air intake "nostrils". A similar intake duct styling was applied to the five SP-series Ferraris[5] in 1961 and 1962 that were also designed by Carlo Chiti, and then again over forty years later to the Ferrari F430.

Wolfgang von Trips (1928–1961) driving the 156 at the 1961 Dutch Grand Prix, showing the car's distinctive "sharknose"

Ferrari started the season with a 65-degree Dino engine, then replaced by a new engine with the V-angle increased to 120-degrees and designed by Carlo Chiti. A V-6 engine with 120-degree bank is smoother at producing power because every 120-degree rotation of engine crankshaft produces a power pulse. This change increased the power by 7 kW (10 hp). Bore and stroke were 73.0 mm × 58.8 mm (2.87 in × 2.31 in) with a displacement of 1,476.60 cc (90.108 cu in) and a claimed 140 kW (188 hp) at 9500 rpm.[6] For 1962, a 4-valve per cylinder version was planned with 147 kW (197 hp) at 10,000 rpm, but never appeared. At the 1962 British Grand Prix, Phil Hill raced a new version with a six-speed transmission mounted in front of the engine. In August, at the German Grand Prix, Lorenzo Bandini tested a non-sharknose variant with modified front and rear suspension and a smaller radiator,[7] heralding the 156 Aero used in 1963.

1963 Ferrari 156 Aero

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The updated Ferrari 156, used in the 1963 and 1964 seasons, did not feature the distinctive sharknose design.[8] but had a rather conventional intake, somewhat larger than the Ferrari 158 introduced in 1964.

In 1963 the 120° V6 employed Bosch direct-fuel injection instead of carburetors and output increased to 147 kW (197 hp). The last victory for the Ferrari 156 was achieved by Italian Lorenzo Bandini in the 1964 Austrian Grand Prix.[9]

Technical data

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Technical data 156 F1 156 Aero
Engine:  Mid-mounted 120° 6-cylinder V-engine
displacement 1476.6 cm³
Bore x stroke:  73 x 58.8 mm
Compression 9.8:1
Max power at rpm:  190 hp at 9 500 rpm 205 hp at 10 500 rpm
Valve control:  Double Overhead Camshafts per cylinder bank, 2 valves per cylinder
Fuel system:  2 pcs Weber 40 IF3C Bosch fuel injection
Gearbox 5-speed manual 6-speed manual
suspension front:  Double cross links, coil springs
suspension rear:  Double cross links, coil springs Upper transverse link, lower triangle link, double longitudinal links,
coil springs, anti-roll bars
Brakes Hydraulic disc brakes
Chassis & body Tubular spaceframe with aluminum body Self-supporting monocoque
Wheelbase 230 cm 238 cm
Dry weight 420 kg 460 kg
Maximum speed:  260 km/h
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Monza crash

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On September 10, 1961, after a collision with Jim Clark's Lotus on the second lap of the Italian Grand Prix, the 156 of Wolfgang von Trips (Hill's teammate) became airborne and crashed into a side barrier, fatally throwing him from the car and killing fifteen spectators.

Replicas

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Ferrari factory policy in the early 1960s meant that all the original cars were scrapped.[10] Since then at least two replicas of the 156 F1 have been constructed. One was created for the film La Passione, which features the car as a major subject, and another was constructed by an enthusiast for personal use.[11] A 156 replica is also exhibited in the "Galleria Ferrari".[12]

Famous drivers

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Complete Formula One World Championship results

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(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant Engine Tyres Drivers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Points WCC
1961 Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC Ferrari 188 1.5 V6
Ferrari 178 1.5 V6
D MON NED BEL FRA GBR GER ITA USA 40 (52) 1st
Richie Ginther 2 5 3 15 3 8 Ret DNA
Phil Hill 3 2 1 9 2 3 1 DNA
Wolfgang von Trips 4 1 2 Ret 1 2 Ret
Olivier Gendebien 4
Willy Mairesse Ret Ret
Ricardo Rodríguez Ret
Pedro Rodríguez DNA
FISA Giancarlo Baghetti 1
Scuderia Sant Ambroeus Ret Ret
1962 Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC Ferrari 178 1.5 V6 D NED MON BEL FRA GBR GER ITA USA RSA 18 6th
Phil Hill 3 2 3 DNA Ret Ret 11
Giancarlo Baghetti 4 Ret DNA 10 5 DNA
Ricardo Rodríguez Ret DNS 4 DNA DNA 6 14
Lorenzo Bandini 3 DNA Ret 8 DNA
Willy Mairesse 7 Ret 4 DNA
1963 Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC Ferrari 178 1.5 V6 D MON BEL NED FRA GBR GER ITA USA MEX RSA 26 4th
Willy Mairesse Ret Ret Ret
John Surtees 4 Ret 3 Ret 2 1 Ret 9 DSQ Ret
Ludovico Scarfiotti DNA 6 DNS
Lorenzo Bandini Ret 5 Ret 5
1964 Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC Ferrari 178 1.5 V6 D MON NED BEL FRA GBR GER AUT ITA USA MEX 45 (49) 1st
Lorenzo Bandini 10 5 3 1
Ludovico Scarfiotti 9
North American Racing Team Pedro Rodríguez 6

References

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  1. ^ In the 1964 season the 156 was used in 6 Grands Prix, driven by Lorenzo Bandini (4 races), Ludovico Scarfiotti and Pedro Rodríguez (each 1) and scored 9 points for the Constructors' Championship.
  2. ^ FIA Yearbook 1973, Grey section, pages 118–119
  3. ^ FIA Yearbook 1973, Grey section, pages 120–121
  4. ^ Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, pages 38–40
  5. ^ "Ferrari SP Series". Official Ferrari Website. Ferrari.
  6. ^ "Ferrari 156 F1". formula1.ferrari.com. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  7. ^ Blunsden, John (September 1962). "Skyfall över Tysklands GP" [Deluge on German GP]. Illustrerad Motor Sport (in Swedish). No. 9. Lerum, Sweden. p. 25.
  8. ^ 1963 Ferrari 156 Aero on www.f1technical.net
  9. ^ "Ferrari 156 F1-63". formula1.ferrari.com. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  10. ^ "Resurrecting the 156". Motor Sport: Page 72. June 2021.
  11. ^ Havelock, Steve (30 September 2010). "Shark Tales". Forza Magazine. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Ferrari World: the official website dedicated to the Galleria Ferrari". Archived from the original on 2008-02-24. Retrieved 2008-03-24.