Phạm Dương Mại II
Fan Yang Mai II or Pham Duong Mai II was the King of Champa, an area populated by the Cham ethnic group in present-day Vietnam, from 421 to about 446. In 431, the King was denied the aid of the King of Funan during a war with the Chinese governor of Jiaozhou.[1] In 433, Fan Yang Mai II, after being denied this territory, turned against the Khmers and annexed the Khmer district of Panduranga.[2]
Fan Yan Mah II continued the practice of pirating the coasts of Nhat-nam and Cu'u-cho'n, and attacking Giao-chi. This prompted successive Chinese governors of Kiao-chu to send punitive expeditions against Champa in 431 and 446. This last expedition was led by the Chinese marshals Tan Ho-chen, Song Kio and Siao King-hien. When Kiu Sou fell, "Blood flooded the palace halls, and bodies piled up in heaps..." Then Song Kio used paper lions to frighten the Champ elephants at the "Stupa of Demons" near Banh-long Bay. Finally, Champapura was looted, and "the whole country was occupied."[3][4]
In 446 the governor of Tongking undertook strong repressive measure against Champa. A battle delivered to him the capital. The king died brokenhearted.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ "Chronology of Cambodian History, Pre-Angkor Era". khmerchronology. 2006-05-03. Archived from the original on 2006-05-03. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
- ^ Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29622-2.
- ^ Maspéro, Georges (2002). The Champa Kingdom: The History of an Extinct Vietnamese Culture. White Lotus Press. pp. 39–41. ISBN 978-974-7534-99-3.
- ^ Higham, Charles (2014). Early Mainland Southeast Asia: From First Humans to Angkor. River Books. pp. 324–325. ISBN 978-616-7339-44-3.
- ^ Cœdès, George (1968). The Indianized states of Southeast Asia (PDF). East-West Center Press. p. 56. ISBN 0-7081-0140-2.
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