Family tree of Kedahan monarchs

Genealogies of Kedah Rulers can be found in two traditional Malay texts, the first one being Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, a chronicle written in the late 16th century, and the other is Al-Tarikh Salasilah Kedah ('genealogies of Kedah'), a royal-sanctioned history published in 1928. The records however do not provide consistent genealogies for the early Rulers of Kedah. According to the Hikayat, Kedah's first Ruler was Merong Mahawangsa. In the Salasilah, it is stated that the first Kedah Ruler was Derbar Raja I who originated from Persia in the 9th century CE.

Nevertheless, the Hikayat and Salasilah do share some similarities, the most important is that both texts state that the first converted Ruler to Islam took the name Sultan Muzaffar Shah, although the original name of the Ruler is different. Hikayat mentions that Raja Phra Ong Mahawangsa was the first to convert to Islam, while in the Salasilah, it is stated it was Derbar Raja II. The following family tree is based on the royal-sanctioned Salasilah. The beginning of Sultan Mudzaffar Shah I's reign is typically dated to 1136 in Kedah tradition.

House of Mahawangsa

Derbar Raja I Diraja Putra Maha Dewa I Karna DiRaja Kerma Maha Dewa II Dharma Raja Maha Jiwa Mudzaffar I (Derbar Raja II) (1) r. 1136–1179 Mu'adzam (2) r. 1179–1201 Muhammad (3) r. 1201–1236 Mudzaffar II (4) r. 1236–1280 Mahmud I (5) r. 1280–1321 Ibrahim (6) r. 1321–1373 Sulaiman (7) r. 1373–1422 Ataullah I (8) r. 1422–1472 Muhammad Jiwa I (9) r. 1472–1506 Mahmud II (10) r. 1506–1546 Mudzaffar III (11) r. 1546–1602 Sulaiman II (12) r. 1602–1619 Rijaluddin (13) r. 1619–1651 Muhyiddin (14) r. 1651–1661 Ziauddin I (15) r. 1661–1687 Ataullah II (16) r. 1687–1698 Abdullah Mu'adzam (17) r. 1698–1706 Ahmad Tajuddin I (18) r. 1706–1709 Muhammad Jiwa II (19) r. 1710–1778 Abdullah Mukarram (20) r. 1778–1798 Ziauddin II (21) r. 1798–1804 Ahmad Tajuddin II (22) r. 1804–1821 r. 1842–1845 Zainal Rashid I (23) r. 1845–1854 Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram (24) r. 1854–1879 Zainal Rashid II (25) r. 1879–1881 Abdul Hamid (26) r. 1882–1943 Badlishah (27) r. 1943–1958 Tunku Abdul Rahman Abdul Halim (28) r. 1958–2017 Agong V r. 1970–1975 Agong XIV r. 2011–2016 Sallehuddin (29) r. 2017–present

Bibliography

• Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid (2011), The Encyclopedia of Malaysia, vol. 16 - The Rulers of Malaysia, Editions Didier Millet, ISBN 978-981-3018-54-9
• Buyong Adil (1980), Sejarah Kedah (History of Kedah), Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.