Jump to content

Ef (Cyrillic)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from F (Cyrillic))

Ef /f/ Фф

[edit]
Cyrillic letter Ef
Phonetic usage:[f], [ɸ]
Name (Early Cyrillic alphabet):фрьтъ
Numeric value:500
Derived from:Greek letter Phi (Φ φ)
The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters
АА́А̀А̂А̄ӒБВ
ГҐДЂЃЕЕ́Ѐ
Е̂Е̄ЁЄЖЗЗ́Ѕ
ИІЇИ́ЍИ̂Ӣ
ЙӤЈКЛЉМН
ЊОО́О̀О̂ŌӦП
РСС́ТЋЌУУ́
У̀У̂ӮЎӰФХЦ
ЧЏШЩЪЪ̀Ы
Ы́ЬѢЭЭ́ЮЮ́Ю̀
ЯЯ́Я̀
Non-Slavic letters
ӐА̊А̃Ӓ̄ӔӘӘ́Ә̃
ӚВ̌ԜГ̑Г̇Г̣Г̌Г̂
Г̆Г̈г̊ҔҒӺҒ̌
ғ̊ӶД́Д̌Д̈Д̣Д̆
ӖЕ̃Ё̄Є̈ԐԐ̈ҖӜ
ӁЖ̣ҘӞЗ̌З̣З̆Ӡ
И̃ҊҚӃҠҞҜК̣
к̊қ̊ԚЛ́ӅԮԒ
Л̈ӍН́ӉҢԨӇ
ҤО̆О̃Ӧ̄ӨӨ̄Ө́Ө̆
ӪԤП̈Р̌ҎС̌ҪС̣
С̱Т́Т̈Т̌Т̇Т̣Ҭ
У̃ӲУ̊Ӱ̄ҰҮҮ́Х̣
Х̱Х̮Х̑Х̌ҲӼх̊Ӿ
ӿ̊ҺҺ̈ԦЦ̌Ц̈ҴҶ
Ҷ̣ӴӋҸЧ̇Ч̣Ҽ
ҾШ̣Ы̆Ы̄ӸҌ
ҨЭ̆Э̄Э̇ӬӬ́Ӭ̄Ю̆
Ю̈Ю̄Я̆Я̄Я̈Ӏʼˮ
Archaic or unused letters
А̨Б̀Б̣Б̱В̀Г̀Г̧
Г̄Г̓Ҕ̀Ҕ̆ԀД̓Д̀
Д̨ԂЕ̇Е̨Ж̀
Ж̑Џ̆
Ꚅ̆З̀З̑ԄԆԪ
І̂І̣І̨
Ј̵Ј̃К̓К̀К̆Ӄ̆К̑
К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂Л̀
ԠԈЛ̑Л̇Ԕ
М̀М̃Н̀Н̄Н̧Н̃
ԊԢН̡Ѻ
П̓П̀П́
ҦП̧П̑ҀԚ̆Р́Р̀
Р̃ԖС̀С̈ԌҪ̓
Т̓Т̀ԎТ̑Т̧Ꚍ̆
ѸУ̇У̨
ꙋ́Ф̑Ф̓Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇Х̧
Х̾Х̓һ̱ѠѼѾ
Ц̀Ц́Ц̓Ꚏ̆
Ч́Ч̀Ч̆Ч̑Ч̓
ԬꚆ̆Ҽ̆Ш̀Ш̆
Ш̑Щ̆Ꚗ̆Ъ̄Ъ̈Ъ̈̄
Ы̂Ы̃Ѣ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆
Э̨Э̂Ю̂Я̈
Я̂Я̨ԘѤѦѪ
ѨѬѮѰѲѴѶ

Ef or Fe (Ф ф; italics: Ф ф) is a Cyrillic letter, commonly representing the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, like the pronunciation of ⟨f⟩ in "fill, flee, or fall". The Cyrillic letter Ef is romanized as ⟨f⟩.

History

[edit]
Ef, from Karion Istomin's 1694 alphabet book

The Cyrillic letter Ef was derived from the Greek letter Phi (Φ φ). It merged with and eliminated the letter Fita (Ѳ) in the Russian alphabet in 1918.

The name of Ef in the Early Cyrillic alphabet is фрьтъ (fr̥tŭ or frĭtŭ), in later Church Slavonic and Russian form it became фертъ (fert).[1]

In the Cyrillic numeral system, Ef has a value of 500.

Appearance and usage in Slavic languages

[edit]

The Slavic languages have almost no native words containing /f/. This sound did not exist in Proto-Indo-European (PIE). It arose in Greek and Latin from PIE *bʰ (which yielded Slavic /b/). In some instances in Latin, it represented historical th-fronting and derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰ. In the Germanic languages, the f sound arose from PIE *p via Grimm's law, which remained unchanged in Slavic. The letter ф is thus almost exclusively found in words of foreign origin, especially Greek (from φ and sometimes from θ), Latin, French, German, Dutch, English, and Turkic languages

Example borrowings in Russian:

  • from Greek: катастрофа, "catastrophe" (from φ); Фёдор, "Theodore" (from θ)
  • from Latin: федерация, "federation"; эффект, "effect"
  • from German: картофель, "potato" (from Kartoffel); фунт, "pound" (from Pfund)
  • from Dutch: флаг, "flag"

The few native Slavic words with this letter (in different languages) are examples of onomatopoeia (like Russian verbs фукать, фыркать etc.) or reflect sporadic pronunciation shifts:

  • from пв /pv/: Serbian уфати 'to hope' (cf. Church Slavonic уповати 'to hope')
  • from хв /xv/: Macedonian сфати '(he) understands' (cf. Church Slavonic схватити 'to take, to catch'), Russian дрофа 'bustard' (cf. Ukrainian дрохва 'bustard')
  • from кв /kv/: Russian филин 'eagle-owl' (cf. Ukrainian квилити 'to cry')
  • from х /x/: Russian toponym Фили 'Fili' (from хилый 'sickly')

Slavic languages

[edit]

Ef is the 21st letter of the Bulgarian alphabet; the 22nd letter of the Russian alphabet; the 23rd letter of the Belarusian alphabet; the 25th letter of the Serbian and Ukrainian alphabet; and the 26th letter of the Macedonian alphabet. It represents the consonant /f/ unless it is before a palatalizing vowel, when it represents /fʲ/.

[edit]

Computing codes

[edit]
Character information
Preview Ф ф
Unicode name CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 1060 U+0424 1092 U+0444
UTF-8 208 164 D0 A4 209 132 D1 84
Numeric character reference Ф Ф ф ф
Named character reference Ф ф
KOI8-R and KOI8-U 230 E6 198 C6
Code page 855 171 AB 170 AA
Code page 866 148 94 228 E4
Windows-1251 212 D4 244 F4
ISO-8859-5 196 C4 228 E4
Macintosh Cyrillic 148 94 244 F4

Cultural references

[edit]

The phraseologism "стоять фертом", "to stand as fert" means "to stand with arms akimbo".

[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of Ф at Wiktionary
  • The dictionary definition of ф at Wiktionary

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Corbett, Professor Greville; Comrie, Professor Bernard (September 2003). The Slavonic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-86137-6.