Micaria
(Redirected from Epikurtomma)
| Micaria Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Micaria fulgens | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Gnaphosidae |
| Genus: | Micaria Westring, 1851[1] |
| Type species | |
| M. fulgens (Walckenaer, 1802)
| |
| Species | |
|
105, see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Micaria is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1851.[7] They are 1.3 to 6.5 millimetres (0.051 to 0.256 in) long.[8]
They are often called "ant spiders" due to their ant-like appearance and ant mimicking behavior.[9]
Species
[edit]As of May 2019[update] it contains 105 species and two subspecies found in the Holarctic, Indomalayan, Australasian and Afrotropical zoogeographic regions:[1]
- M. aborigenica Mikhailov, 1988 – Russia (north-eastern Siberia)
- M. aciculata Simon, 1895 – Russia (South Siberia)
- M. aenea Thorell, 1871 – North America, Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan
- M. albofasciata Hu, 2001 – China
- M. albovittata (Lucas, 1846) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Iran, Turkmenistan, China
- M. alpina L. Koch, 1872 – USA (Alaska), Canada, Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Japan
- M. alxa Tang, Urita, Song & Zhao, 1997 – China
- M. beaufortia (Tucker, 1923) – South Africa
- M. belezma Bosmans, 2000 – Algeria
- M. blicki Kovblyuk & Nadolny, 2008 – Ukraine
- M. bonneti Schenkel, 1963 – Mongolia, China
- M. bosmansi Kovblyuk & Nadolny, 2008 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe)
- M. braendegaardi Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan
- M. brignolii (Bosmans & Blick, 2000) – Portugal, France
- M. browni Barnes, 1953 – USA
- M. camargo Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – Mexico
- M. capistrano Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA, Mexico
- M. charitonovi Mikhailov & Ponomarev, 2008 – Kazakhstan
- M. chrysis (Simon, 1910) – South Africa
- M. cimarron Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA
- M. coarctata (Lucas, 1846) – Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Central Asia
- M. coloradensis Banks, 1896 – USA, Canada
- M. connexa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 – China (Yarkand)
- M. constricta Emerton, 1894 – North America, Svalbard, Russia (Northern Europe to Middle Siberia)
- M. corvina Simon, 1878 – Algeria, Tunisia, Israel
- M. croesia L. Koch, 1873 – Australia (New South Wales)
- M. cyrnea Brignoli, 1983 – France (Corsica), Italy, Greece
- M. delicatula Bryant, 1941 – USA
- M. deserticola Gertsch, 1933 – USA, Mexico
- M. dives (Lucas, 1846) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, India, China, Korea, Japan
- Micaria d. concolor (Caporiacco, 1935) – Karakorum
- M. donensis Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 – Russia (Europe)
- M. elizabethae Gertsch, 1942 – USA, Canada
- M. emertoni Gertsch, 1935 – North America
- M. faltana Bhattacharya, 1935 – India
- M. formicaria (Sundevall, 1831) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China
- M. foxi Gertsch, 1933 – USA, Canada
- M. fulgens (Walckenaer, 1802) (type) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Central Asia, China
- M. funerea Simon, 1878 – Spain, France (Corsica), Bulgaria, Russia (Caucasus)
- M. galilaea Levy, 2009 – Israel
- M. gertschi Barrows & Ivie, 1942 – USA, Canada
- M. gomerae Strand, 1911 – Canary Is.
- M. gosiuta Gertsch, 1942 – USA, Mexico
- M. gulliae Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
- M. guttigera Simon, 1878 – Portugal, Spain, France
- M. guttulata (C. L. Koch, 1839) – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
- M. icenoglei Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA
- M. idana Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA, Canada
- M. ignea (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Canary Is., Algeria, Spain, Greece (Crete), Cyprus, Egypt, Yemen, Israel, Syria, Iran, Central Asia
- M. imperiosa Gertsch, 1935 – USA, Mexico
- M. inornata L. Koch, 1873 – Australia
- M. japonica Hayashi, 1985 – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
- M. jeanae Gertsch, 1942 – USA, Mexico
- M. jinlin Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
- M. kopetdaghensis Mikhailov, 1986 – Caucasus to Central Asia
- M. langtry Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA
- M. lassena Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA
- M. laticeps Emerton, 1909 – USA, Canada
- M. lenzi Bösenberg, 1899 – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South and north-eastern Siberia), Central Asia, China
- M. lindbergi Roewer, 1962 – Afghanistan
- M. logunovi Zhang, Song & Zhu, 2001 – China
- M. longipes Emerton, 1890 – North America
- M. longispina Emerton, 1911 – USA, Canada
- M. marchesii (Caporiacco, 1936) – Libya
- M. marusiki Zhang, Song & Zhu, 2001 – China
- M. medica Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA, Canada
- M. mexicana Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – Mexico
- M. mongunica Danilov, 1997 – Russia (South Siberia)
- M. mormon Gertsch, 1935 – North America
- M. nanella Gertsch, 1935 – USA, Mexico
- M. nivosa L. Koch, 1866 – Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
- M. nye Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA, Mexico
- M. otero Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA
- M. pallens Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan
- M. pallida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 – Tajikistan
- M. palliditarsa Banks, 1896 – USA, Mexico
- M. pallipes (Lucas, 1846) – Madeira, Mediterranean to Central Asia
- M. palma Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA
- M. palmgreni Wunderlich, 1980 – Finland
- M. paralbofasciata Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
- M. pasadena Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA, Mexico
- M. porta Platnick & Shadab, 1988 – USA, Mexico
- M. pulcherrima Caporiacco, 1935 – India, Pakistan, Russia (South Siberia), China
- Micaria p. flava Caporiacco, 1935 – Karakorum
- M. pulicaria (Sundevall, 1831) – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Japan
- M. punctata Banks, 1896 – USA
- M. riggsi Gertsch, 1942 – USA, Canada
- M. rossica Thorell, 1875 – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, Mongolia, China
- M. seminola Gertsch, 1942 – USA
- M. seymuria Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
- M. silesiaca L. Koch, 1875 – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
- M. siniloana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- M. sociabilis Kulczyński, 1897 – Europe, Azerbaijan
- M. subopaca Westring, 1861 – Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia, Kamchatka)
- M. tarabaevi Mikhailov, 1988 – Kazakhstan
- M. tersissima Simon, 1910 – South Africa
- M. triangulosa Gertsch, 1935 – USA
- M. triguttata Simon, 1884 – Spain, France, Algeria
- M. tripunctata Holm, 1978 – USA (Alaska), Canada, Northern Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East)
- M. tuvensis Danilov, 1993 – Russia (Central Asia, South Siberia), Kazakhstan, China
- M. utahna Gertsch, 1933 – USA
- M. vinnula Gertsch & Davis, 1936 – USA
- M. violens Oliger, 1983 – Russia (Far East)
- M. xiningensis Hu, 2001 – China
- M. yeniseica Marusik & Koponen, 2002 – Russia (Middle Siberia)
- M. yushuensis Hu, 2001 – China
- M. zonsteini (Mikhailov, 2016) – Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Gen. Micaria Westring, 1851". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ Wunderlich, J. (2017). "Descriptions, notes and synonyms of some mainly Mediterranean and Macaronesian spiders (Araneae) of various families". Beiträge zur Araneologie. 10: 315.
- ^ Breitling, R. (2017). "Public DNA barcoding data resolve the status of the genus Arboricaria (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)". Arachnologische Mitteilungen. 54: 26.
- ^ Haddad, C. R.; Bosmans, R. (2013). "Synonymy of the North African spider genus Castanilla Caporiacco, 1936 with Micaria Westring, 1851 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)". Zootaxa. 3734 (3): 397–399. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3734.3.10. PMID 25277923.
- ^ Murphy, J. (2007). Gnaphosid genera of the world. British Arachnological Society, St Neots, Cambridgeshire.
- ^ Wunderlich, J. (1980). "Revision der europäischen Arten der Gattung Micaria Westring 1851, mit Anmerkungen zu den übrigen paläarktischen Arten (Arachnida: Araneida: Gnaphosidae)". Zoologische Beiträge. 25 (1979): 238.
- ^ Westring, N. (1851). "Förteckning öfver de till närvarande tid Kände, i Sverige förekommande Spindlarter, utgörande ett antal af 253, deraf 132 äro nya för svenska Faunan". Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar. 2: 25–62.
- ^ Platnick, Norman I.; Shadab, Mohammad U. (1988). "A Revision of the American Spiders of the Genus Micaria (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)". American Museum Novitates (2916): 1–64.
- ^ "Family Gnaphosidae (Flat-bellied Ground Spiders)". Spiders of Sungai Tawau. Retrieved 2016-09-28.