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SS Empire Amethyst

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History
NameEmpire Amethyst
OwnerMinistry of War Transport
OperatorHadley Shipping Co, Middlesbrough
Port of registryUnited Kingdom Middlesbrough
BuilderFurness Shipbuilding Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees
Yard number330
Launched8 July 1941
CompletedSeptember 1941
Out of service13 April 1942
Identification
FateSunk by U-154, 13 April 1942
General characteristics
Tonnage8,032 GRT
Length463 ft 5 in (141.25 m)
Beam61 ft 2 in (18.64 m)
Depth33 ft (10.06 m)
Propulsion1 x triple expansion steam engine (Richardsons, Westgarth & Co Ltd, Hartlepool) 674 hp (503 kW)
Complement47 crew
SS Empire Amethyst is located in Caribbean
SS Empire Amethyst
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Position of Empire Amethyst's wreck in the Caribbean Sea

Empire Amethyst was an 8,032-ton tanker which was built in 1941. She was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-154 on 13 April 1942.

History

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Empire Amethyst was built by the Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees[1] as yard number 330. She was launched on 8 July 1941 and completed in December 1941.[2] Empire Amethyst was built for the Ministry of War Transport and operated under the management of the Hadley Shipping Co Ltd, Middlesbrough. Empire Amethyst was homeported in Middlesbrough.[1]

Empire Amethyst was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War.

ON 17

Convoy ON 17 sailed from Liverpool on 17 September 1941 and Loch Ewe on 19 September. The convoy dispersed on 29 September.[3]

On 23 January 1942, Empire Amethyst picked up five survivors from the Norwegian SS Innerøy, which had been torpedoed and sunk by U-553.[4] The survivors were taken to Halifax, Nova Scotia.[5]

HX 173

Convoy HX 173 sailed from Halifax for Liverpool on 1 February 1942, arriving on 14 February.[6]

OS 21

Convoy OS 21 sailed from Liverpool on 4 March 1942 and arrived at Freetown, Sierra Leone on 24 March. Empire Amethyst was in ballast, having discharged her cargo at Milford Haven.[7] She had to call at Belfast to allow a crew member to be discharged through illness and a replacement to be taken on board. On reaching Freetown, Empire Amethyst sailed for New Orleans.[5]

Final voyage and sinking

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In mid-April 1942, Empire Amethyst left New Orleans bound for Freetown carrying a cargo of 12,000 tons of motor spirit. Her intended route took her via the Lesser Antilles and then across the Atlantic to Freetown.

Empire Amethyst was spotted by the crew of U-154 on 12 April 1942. The U-boat captain, Walther Kölle, believed that she was being escorted by HMCS Prince Henry and did not attack.[5]

At 03:02 hrs Empire Amethyst received a distress call from the American SS Delvalla which had been torpedoed by U-154 and was sinking. Prince Henry headed for the reported position of the Delvalla and a Catalina aircraft was despatched. The survivors were taken aboard Prince Henry.[5]

U-154 spotted Empire Amethyst again at 11:42 hrs; she was again under escort by Prince Henry but at 16:00 hrs the escort had been lost. As he was short of torpedoes, Kapitän Kölle decided to attack from the surface. The chase began at 20:00 hrs with Empire Amethyst zig-zagging but generally following a heading of 110° towards Trinidad. Empire Amethyst managed to lose her pursuer at 00:24 on 13 April by making a sharp turn. At 01:27 hrs, Kölle ordered his engines stopped to try to ascertain where Empire Amethyst was. Kölle decided to head in the direction that Empire Amethyst was generally heading and by 04:30 had found her again. At 05:52, Kölle aimed the first of two torpedoes at Empire Amethyst, which hit under the bridge. The second exploded forward of the engine room and she exploded in a mass of flames that were visible from 30 nautical miles (56 km) away. Empire Amethyst sank with the loss of all 47 crew[5] at 17°40′N 74°50′W / 17.667°N 74.833°W / 17.667; -74.833.[8]

The crew of Empire Amethyst are commemorated on the Tower Hill Memorial.[5]

Official number and code letters

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Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers.

Empire Amethyst had the UK official number 164848 and used the Code Letters BCPL.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "LLOYD'S REGISTER, NAVIRES A VAPEUR ET A MOTUERS" (PDF). Plimsoll Ship Data. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  2. ^ "1164848". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  3. ^ "CONVOY ON 17". Warsailors. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  4. ^ "U-553". Ubootwaffe. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "SS Empire Amethyst - Yard No 330". Paul Dubois. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  6. ^ "CONVOY HX 173". Warsailors. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  7. ^ "CONVOY OS.21". Convoyweb. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  8. ^ "Empire Amethyst". uboat.net. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
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