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Edmond Dédé

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Edmond Dédé
Edmond Dédé
Edmond Dédé
Background information
BornNovember 20, 1827
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
DiedJanuary 5, 1901(1901-01-05) (aged 73)[1]
Paris, France
GenresClassical
Occupations
InstrumentViolin

Edmond Dédé (November 20, 1827 – January 5, 1901)[2][3] was an American musician and composer from New Orleans, Louisiana. A free-born Creole, he moved to Europe to study in Paris in 1855 and settled in France. His compositions include Quasimodo Symphony, Le Palmier Ouverture, Le Serment de L'Arabe and Patriotisme. For more than forty years, he worked in Bordeaux as assistant conductor at the Grand Théâtre and subsequently as conductor of the orchestras at the Théâtre l'Alcazar and the Folies Bordelaises.[4]

Biography

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Early life and education

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Dédé was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, the fourth generation of a free family of that city. His father was a marketman, poultry dealer, and music teacher.[5]: 38–39  As a boy, Dédé first learned the clarinet, but soon switched to the violin, on which he was considered a prodigy. He later performed compositions of his own as well as those by Rodolphe Kreutzer, a favored composer of his. Dédé's teachers in his youth included violinists Constantin Debergue and Italian-born Ludovico Gabici, who was the director of the St. Charles Theater Orchestra. He was taught music theory by Eugène Prévost and New York-born black musician Charles-Richard Lambert, the father of Sidney and Charles Lucien Lambert.

Dédé's instruction from Gabici ended when he left to seek work in Mexico at the end of the Mexican–American War in 1848. When he eventually returned to the US at the end of 1852, he worked as a cigar maker, saving money to be able to travel to Europe. He went first to Paris and then Belgium, where he helped his friend Joseph Tinchant set up a branch of the Tinchant family's cigar business. He returned to Paris around 1857 and took lessons at the Paris Conservatoire. He studied at the Conservatoire with Jean-Delphin Alard and Fromental Halévy.[5]: 104 

Bordeaux

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In the early 1860s, Edmond Dédé went to Bordeaux to take up a position as assistant conductor for the ballet at the Grand Théâtre. Within a few years, he found employment at the Théâtre l'Alcazar, a popular concert café in the city. Later in the 1870s, he moved to the Folies Bordelaises. Throughout, Dédé continued to compose art music, which he sought to have performed at the more prestigious Grand Théâtre.[5]: 128 

Samuel Snäer Jr. (1835–1900),[6] an African-American conductor and musician, conducted the first performance in New Orleans of Dédé's Quasimodo Symphony. It was premiered on the night of May 10, 1865, in the New Orleans Theater to a large audience of prominent free people of color of New Orleans and Northern whites. Dédé was not present at this performance.

After settling in Bordeaux in 1864, he returned to New Orleans only once, in 1893. During the voyage to the United States, his freighter sank, occasioning a rescue. When he reached New Orleans, three benefit concerts were held in his honor, in which he participated. New Orleans' musical innovators and musical elite, including Jelly Roll Morton's teacher, William J. Nickerson, took part in the concerts. The welcome committee that organized the concerts for Dédé overlapped with the membership of the Citizens Committee, the group of social and legal activists who brought the legal challenges that led to the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling in 1896 which maintained racial segregation as "separate but equal".[5]: 192–193 

Dédé died on January 5, 1901, in the 14th arrondissement of Paris.[2][5]: 208  Many of his compositions have been preserved at the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris.

On November 20, 2021, Google featured Dédé on its U.S. home page as a Google Doodle to honor his 194th birthday.[7]

Personal life

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In 1864 Dédé married a Frenchwoman, Sylvie Leflet, and settled in Bordeaux. They had one son, Eugène Dédé [fr], who became a music hall conductor and composer of popular songs.[5][page needed]

Dédé was Catholic.[8]

Manuscript score for Morgiane, ou, Le sultan d'Ispahan (1887) signed by Dédé and librettist Louis Brunet

Major compositions

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  • Mon pauvre coeur (1852)
  • Quasimodo Symphony (1865)
  • Le Palmier ouverture (1865)
  • Le Serment de l'Arabe (1865) (written during a stint in Algeria)
  • Méphisto masqué (186?) (ophicleide and orchestra, with Mirlitone Instruments, or piano solo)
  • Morgiane, ou, Le sultan d'Ispahan (1887) (opera in four acts)

References

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  1. ^ There are two different dates of death in French registry records, 5 January and 10 January 1901; the BnF gives 4 January 1901.
  2. ^ a b "Actes de décès – 14e arr., V4E 9803, p. 20, entry no. 146". Archives de Paris. le cinq janvier Page 13 of the annual table 14th arrondissement (1893–1902) D1M 937 of the registry gives 10 January 1901 as his date of death.
  3. ^ Floyd Jr., Samuel A., ed. (1999). "Edmond Dédé". International Dictionary of Black Composers. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. [page needed]. ISBN 9781884964275. OCLC 41333249. BnF 16597328m gives 4 January 1901 as his date of death.
  4. ^ Sullivan 1988, pp. 54–58.
  5. ^ a b c d e f McKee, Sally (2017). The Exile's Song: Edmond Dédé and the Unfinished Revolutions of the Atlantic World. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300221367.
  6. ^ "Snäer, Samuel, Jr.". Dictionary of Louisiana – Biography – S. Louisiana Historical Association. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  7. ^ Bradshaw, Kyle (November 20, 2021). "Google Doodle celebrates Black Creole composer Edmond Dédé on his 194th birthday". 9to5Google. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  8. ^ Wyatt, Lucius R. (1990). "Six Composers of Nineteenth-Century New Orleans". Black Music Research Journal. 10 (1): 125–140. doi:10.2307/779547. ISSN 0276-3605. JSTOR 779547.

Bibliography

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Further reading

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