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List of Austrian consorts

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Arms of Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria

This is a list of the Austrian empresses, archduchesses, duchesses and margravines, wives of the rulers of Austria. The monarchy in Austria was abolished at the end of the First World War in 1918.

The different titles lasted just a little under a millennium, 976 to 1918.

Margravine of Austria

[edit]
Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Margravine Ceased to be Margravine Death Spouse
Richardis of Sualafeldgau Count Ernst IV of Sualafeldgau 945/950 ? 976
husband's accession
10 July 994
husband's death
994? Leopold I
Glismod of West-Saxony Count Immed IV in West-Saxony
(Immedinger)
975/980 ? 23 June 1018
husband's accession
1040 Adalbert
Frozza Orseolo Otto Orseolo, Doge of Venice
(Orseolo)
1015 after 1040 26 May 1055
husband's death
17 February 1071
Adelaide of Eilenburg Dedi I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark
(Wettin)
1040 1060 26 January 1071 Ernest
Swanhilde of Ungarnmark Sighard VII of Ungarnmark ? 1072 10 June 1075
husband's death
1120
Ida of Cham Rapoto IV, Count of Cham 1055/1060 1065? 10 June 1075
husband's accession
12 October 1095
husband's death
September 1101 Leopold II
Maria of Perg
[1]
Walchun of Perg
(Perg)
1080 ? 12 October 1095
husband's accession
1105 Leopold III
Agnes of Germany Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
(Salian)
1072 1106 15 November 1136
husband's death
24 September 1143
Hedwig of Hungary[2] Álmos of Hungary, Duke of Croatia
(Árpád)
1107 1132 15 November 1136
husband's accession
9 November 1137
husband's death
1138 Adalbert II
Maria of Bohemia Soběslav I, Duke of Bohemia
(Přemyslids)
1124/25 28 September 1138 18 October 1141
husband's death
1160 Leopold IV
Gertrude of Süpplingenburg Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor
(Süpplingenburg)
18 April 1115 1 May 1142 18 April 1143 Henry II
Theodora Komnene Sebastokrator Andronikos Komnenos
(Komnenoi)
- 1148 17 September 1156
Privilegium Minus
2 January 1184

Duchess of Austria

[edit]
Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Duchess Ceased to be Duchess Death Spouse
Theodora Komnene Sebastokrator Andronikos Komnenos
(Komnenoi)
- 1148 17 September 1156
Privilegium Minus
13 January 1177
husband's death
2 January 1184 Henry II
Helena of Hungary Géza II of Hungary
(Árpád)
1158 1172/4 13 January 1177
husband's accession
31 December 1194
husband's death
25 May 1199 Leopold V
Theodora Angelina Sebastokratōr John Doukas
or
a daughter of one of Andronikos Angelos daughters

(Angeloi)
1180/5 1203 28 July 1230
husband's death
22/23 June 1246 Leopold VI
Agnes of Merania Otto I, Duke of Merania
(Andechs-Merania)
1215 1229 28 July 1230
husband's accession
1240/3?
divorce
7 January 1263 Frederick II

Interregnum

[edit]
Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Duchess Ceased to be Duchess Death Spouse
Kunigunda of Slavonia Rostislav Mikhailovich
(Rurikids)
1245 25 October 1261 November 1276
husband relinquished rights to Austria
9 September 1285 Ottokar II of Bohemia
Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Duchess Ceased to be Duchess Death Spouse
Gertrude of Hohenberg Burchard V, Count of Hohenburg
(Burchardinger)
1225 1245 November 1276
husband's accession
16 February 1281 Rudolf I
Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia
(Gorizia)
c. 1262 20 December 1274 December 1282
husband's accession
25 May 1300
consort jointly with daughter-in-law
1 March 1305
alone
16 October 1306
consort jointly with daughter-in-law
3/4 July 1307
alone
1 May 1308
husband's death
28 October 1312 Albert I
Blanche of France Philip III of France
(Direct Capetians)
c. 1282 25 May 1300
consort jointly with mother-in-law
1 March 1305 Rudolph III
Elisabeth Richeza of Poland Przemysl II of Poland
(Piast)
1 September 1286 16 October 1306
consort jointly with mother-in-law
3/4 July 1307
husband's death
18 October 1335
Isabella of Aragon James II of Aragon
(Barcelona)
1305 11 May 1315
consort jointly with sister-in-law
28 February 1326
alone
13 January 1330
husband's death
12 July 1330 Frederick I
Catherine of Savoy Amadeus V, Count of Savoy
(Savoy)
1304 c. 1315
consort jointly with sister-in-law
28 February 1326
husband's death
30 September 1336 Leopold I
Joanna of Pfirt Ulrich III, Count of Pfirt
(Scarponnois-Montbelliard)
1300 15 February 1324 13 January 1330
consort jointly with sister-in-law
25 March 1330
alone
16 February 1335
consort jointly with sister-in-law
3 September 1338
alone
15 November 1351 Albert II
Elisabeth of Bavaria Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria
(Wittelsbach)
1306 15 May 1325 13 January 1330
consort jointly with sister-in-law
25 March 1330 Otto
Anne of Bohemia John of Bohemia
(Luxembourg)
27 March 1323 25 March 1330
consort jointly with sister-in-law
3 September 1338
Catherine of Bohemia Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
(Luxembourg)
19 August 1342 c. 1315? 16 August 1358
husband's accession
27 July 1365
husband's death
26 April 1395 Rudolph IV
Elisabeth of Bohemia Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
(Luxembourg)
19 April 1358 after 19 March 1366
consort jointly with sister-in-law
4 September 1373 Albert III
Beatrice of Nuremberg Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg
(Hohenzollern)
1362 1375
consort jointly with sister-in-law
9 September 1379
Treaty of Neuberg
10 June 1414
Viridis Visconti Bernabò Visconti, Lord of Milan
(Visconti)
1352 23 February 1365 27 July 1365
alone
after 19 March 1366
consort jointly with sister-in-law
4 September 1373
alone
c. 1375
consort jointly with sister-in-law
9 September 1379
Treaty of Neuberg
1 March 1414 Leopold III

Albert III received the Archduchy of Austria, later called Lower Austria.

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Duchess Ceased to be Duchess Death Spouse
Beatrice of Nuremberg Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg
(Hohenzollern)
1362 1375 9 September 1379
Treaty of Neuberg
29 August 1395
husband's death
10 June 1414 Albert III
Joanna Sophia of Bavaria Albert I, Duke of Bavaria
(Wittelsbach)
1373 24 April 1390 29 August 1395
husband's accession
14 September 1404
husband's death
15 November 1410 Albert IV
Elizabeth of Luxembourg Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
(Luxemburg)
7 October 1409 19 April 1422 27 October 1439
husband's death
25 December 1442 Albert V
Ladislaus the Posthumous, the last Albertian duke, died suddenly in Prague on 23 November 1457 while preparing for his marriage to Magdalena of Valois, daughter of Charles VII of France. He and Magdalena, therefore, never married. The territories of the Albertians were inherited by the Leopoldinians.
Main line
[edit]

Leopold III received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, the County of Tyrol and Further Austria.

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Duchess Ceased to be Duchess Death Spouse
Viridis Visconti Bernabò Visconti, Lord of Milan
(Visconti)
1352 23 February 1365 9 September 1379
Treaty of Neuberg
9 July 1386
husband's death
1 March 1414 Leopold III
Joan II of Naples Charles III of Naples
(Anjou-Durazzo)
23 June 1373 13 November 1401
consort jointly with second sister-in-law
1402
consort jointly with third sister-in-law
15 July 1406
husband's death
2 February 1435 William
Catherine of Burgundy Philip II, Duke of Burgundy
(Valois-Burgundy)
April 1378 15 August 1393
alone
13 November 1401
consort jointly with eldest sister-in-law
1402
consort jointly with third sister-in-law
15 July 1406
alone after the division of Leopoldinian Austria
3 June 1411
husband's death
24 January 1425 Leopold IV
Margaret of Pomerania Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania
(Pomerania-Wolgast)
1366 14 January 1392 1402
consort jointly with eldest and second sister-in-law
15 July 1406
division of Leopoldinian Austria
c. 1407/1410 Ernest

In 1406, the Leopoldinian lines split their territories:

Ernestine line
[edit]

The Ernestine line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, also called Inner Austria:

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Duchess Ceased to be Duchess Death Spouse
Margaret of Pomerania Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania
(Pomerania-Wolgast)
1366 14 January 1392 15 July 1406
division of Leopoldinian Austria
c. 1407/1410 Ernest
Cymburgis of Masovia Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia
(Piast)
1394/1397 25 January 1412
archduchess as of 1414
10 June 1424
husband's death
28 September 1429
Eleanor of Portugal Edward of Portugal
(Aviz)
18 September 1434 16 March 1452
archduchess as of 1453
3 September 1467 Frederick V
Mechthild of the Palatinate Louis III, Elector Palatine
(Wittelsbach)
7 March 1419 1452
archduchess as of 1458
2 December 1463
husband's death
22 August 1482 Albert VI
Elder Tyrolean line
[edit]

The Elder Tyrolean Line received Tyrol and soon also Further Austria. These territories were also called Upper Austria:

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Duchess Ceased to be Duchess Death Spouse
Elisabeth of the Palatinate Rupert of Germany
(Wittelsbach)
27 October 1381 24 December 1446/7 31 December 1408 Frederick IV
Anna of Brunswick Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
(Brunswick-Lüneburg)
1390 11 June 1411 1432
Eleanor of Scotland James I of Scotland
(Stewart)
1433 12 February 1449
archduchess as of 1477
20 November 1480 Sigismund
Catherine of Saxony Albert III, Duke of Saxony
(Wettin)
24 July 1468 24 February 1484
also archduchess
May 1490
husband's abdication
10 February 1524
Anne of Brittany Francis II, Duke of Brittany
(Dreux-Montfort)
25 January 1477 19 December 1490
also archduchess
[3]
early 1492
annulled by the Pope
9 January 1514 Maximilian I
In 1493 the separate Austrian archduchies were united into one.

Claimant Duchesses

[edit]

Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, claimed the Austrian territories and occupied Austria proper and Styria. Claiming the title "Duke of Austria", he resided in Vienna from 1485 to his death in 1490.

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Duchess Ceased to be Duchess Death Spouse
Beatrice of Naples Ferdinand I of Naples
(Trastámara)
16 November 1457 15 December 1476 1 June 1485
husband's conquest of most of Austria
6 April 1490
husband's death
23 September 1508 Matthias I

Archduchess of Austria

[edit]
Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Archduchess Ceased to be Archduchess Death Spouse
Catherine of Bohemia
[4]
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
(Luxembourg)
19 August 1342 1350? 1358–59
Declaration of the Privilegium Maius by husband
27 July 1365
husband's death
26 April 1395 Rudolph IV
Elisabeth of Bohemia
[5]
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
(Luxembourg)
19 April 1358 after 19 March 1366
consort jointly with sister-in-law
4 September 1373 Albert III
Beatrice of Nuremberg
[5]
Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg
(Hohenzollern)
1362 1375
consort jointly with sister-in-law
29 August 1395
husband's death
10 June 1414
Viridis Visconti
[5]
Bernabò Visconti, Lord of Milan
(Visconti)
1352 23 February 1365 27 July 1365
alone
after 19 March 1366
consort jointly with sister-in-law
4 September 1373
alone
c. 1375
consort jointly with sister-in-law
9 September 1379
Treaty of Neuberg
1 March 1414 Leopold III
Johanna Sophia of Bavaria
[5]
Albert I, Duke of Bavaria
(Wittelsbach)
1373 24 April 1390 29 August 1395
husband's accession
14 September 1404
husband's death
15 November 1410 Albert IV
Elizabeth of Luxembourg
[5]
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
(Luxemburg)
7 October 1409 1422 27 October 1439
husband's death
25 December 1442 Albert V
Cymburgis of Masovia
[5]
Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia
(Piast)
1394/1397 25 January 1412 1414
self-proclamation of husband as Archduke
10 June 1424
husband's death
28 September 1429 Ernest
Leonor of Portugal Edward of Portugal
(Aviz)
18 September 1434 16 March 1452
1453
husband's recognition of the Privilegium Maius
1458
consort jointly with sister-in-law
2 December 1463
alone
3 September 1467 Frederick V
Mechthild of the Palatinate Louis III, Elector Palatine
(Wittelsbach)
7 March 1419 1452 1458
husband's granted title
consort jointly with sister-in-law
2 December 1463
husband's death
22 August 1482 Albert VI
Eleanor of Scotland James I of Scotland
(Stewart)
1433 12 February 1449 1477
husband's granted title
20 November 1480 Sigismund
(UPPER AUSTRIA)
Katharina of Saxony Albert III, Duke of Saxony
(Wettin)
24 July 1468 24 February 1484 May 1490
husband's abdication
10 February 1524
Anne of Brittany Francis II, Duke of Brittany
(Dreux-Montfort)
25 January 1477 19 December 1490
[3]
early 1492
annulled by the Pope
9 January 1514 Maximilian I
(UPPER AUSTRIA)
The Austrian territories were again reunited in 1493.
Bianca Maria of Milan Galeazzo Maria, Duke of Milan
(Sforza)
5 April 1472 16 March 1494 31 December 1510 Maximilian I
Isabella of Portugal Manuel I of Portugal
(Aviz)
24 October 1503 10 March 1526 1 May 1539 Charles V
Anna of Bohemia and Hungary Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary
(Jagiello)
23 July 1503 25 May 1521 27 January 1547 Ferdinand I
In 1564 the Austrian territories were again divided among Emperor Ferdinand's three sons.

Lower Austria

[edit]

Lower Austria (Austria proper) passed to Ferdinand's 1st son Maximilian:

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Archduchess Ceased to be Archduchess Death Spouse
Maria of Spain Charles I, Archduke of Austria
(Habsburg)
21 June 1528 13 September 1548 25 July 1564
husband's ascension
12 October 1576
husband's death
26 February 1603 Maximilian II
Anna of Austria Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria
(Habsburg)
4 October 1585 4 December 1611 14 December 1618 Matthias
Rudolf and Matthias died without issue and the territories passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles.

Upper Austria

[edit]

Upper Austria (Tyrol, Further Austria) passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 2nd son Ferdinand:

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Archduchess Ceased to be Archduchess Death Spouse
Anna Juliana of Mantua William I, Duke of Mantua
(Gonzaga)
16 November 1566 14 May 1582 24 January 1595
husband's death
3 August 1621 Ferdinand II
Ferdinand died without an agnatic heir and his territories passed to the descendants of his brother Maximilian.
Anna of Austria Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria
(Habsburg)
4 October 1585 4 December 1611 14 December 1618 Matthias
Matthias died without issue and the territories passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles.

Inner Austria

[edit]

Inner Austria ("Inner-Österreich") (Styria, Carinthia and Carniola) passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles:

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Archduchess Ceased to be Archduchess Death Spouse
Maria Anna of Bavaria Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
(Wittelsbach)
21 March 1551 26 August 1571 10 July 1590
husband's death
29 April 1608 Charles II
Maria Anna of Bavaria William V, Duke of Bavaria
(Wittelsbach)
8 December 1574 23 April 1600 8 March 1616 Ferdinand III
The Austrian territories were conclusively reunited in 1619.

Reunited and redivided, again

[edit]

The Austrian territories were reunited again by inheritance in 1619 under Ferdinand III, Archduke of Inner Austria, but in 1623 five years into the Thirty Years' War he had so much to do with, Ferdinand divided them yet again, when he made his younger brother Leopold, who had been governor over Upper Austria, Archduke of those territories.

Lower Austria

[edit]

Lower Austria and Inner Austria remained with the elder line (Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor):

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Archduchess Ceased to be Archduchess Death Spouse
Eleonore of Mantua Vincenzo I, Duke of Mantua
(Gonzaga)
23 September (23 February?) 1598 4 February 1622 15 February 1637
husband's death
27 June 1655 Ferdinand III
Maria Anna of Spain Philip III of Spain
(Habsburg)
18 August 1606 20 February 1631 15 February 1637
husband's ascension
13 May 1646 Ferdinand IV
Maria Leopoldine of Austria Leopold V, Archduke of Austria
(Habsburg)
6 April 1632 2 July 1648 7 August 1649
Eleanor of Mantua Charles II, Duke of Nevers and Rethel
(Gonzaga)
18 November 1630 30 April 1651 2 April 1657
husband's death
6 December 1686
The Austrian territories were conclusively reunited in 1665.

Upper Austria

[edit]

Upper Austria passed to the Younger Tyrolean Line:

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Archduchess Ceased to be Archduchess Death Spouse
Claudia de' Medici Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
(Medici)
4 June 1604 19 April 1626 13 September 1632
husband's death
25 December 1648 Leopold V
Anna de' Medici Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
(Medici)
21 July 1616 10 June 1646 30 December 1662
husband's death
11 September 1676 Ferdinand Charles
Hedwig Auguste of the Palatinate-Sulzbach Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
(Wittelsbach)
25 April 1650 13 June 1665 25 June 1665
husband's death
23 November 1681 Sigismund Francis
After Sigismund Francis, the last Archduke, died without issue and his territories reverted to the elder line.

United again

[edit]

The Austrian territories were conclusively reunited in 1665 under:

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Archduchess Ceased to be Archduchess Death Spouse
Margaret Theresa of Spain Philip IV of Spain
(Habsburg)
12 July 1651 12 December 1666 12 March 1673 Leopold VI
Claudia Felicitas of Austria Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria
(Habsburg)
30 May 1653 15 October 1673 8 April 1676
Eleonore-Magdalena of the Palatinate-Neuburg Philip William, Elector Palatine
(Wittelsbach)
6 January 1655 14 December 1676 5 May 1705
husband's death
19 January 1720
Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
(Welf)
21 April 1673 24 February 1699 5 May 1705
husband's ascension
17 April 1711
husband's death
10 April 1742 Joseph I
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
(Welf)
28 August (28 September?) 1691 1 August 1708 17 April 1711
husband's ascension
20 October 1740
husband's death
21 December 1750 Charles III
Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Archduchess Ceased to be Archduchess Death Spouse
Maria Josepha of Bavaria Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
(Wittelsbach)
30 March 1739 23 January 1765 18 August 1765
husband's ascension
28 May 1767 Joseph II
Maria Louisa of Spain Charles III of Spain
(Bourbon)
24 November 1745 5 August 1765 20 February 1790
husband's ascension
1 March 1792
husband's death
15 May 1792 Leopold VII
Maria Teresa of Naples and Sicily Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
(Bourbon-Two Sicilies)
6 June 1772 15 August 1790 1 March 1792
husband's ascension
6 August 1806
husband's abdication
13 April 1807 Francis I

Archduchess of Austria-Este

[edit]

Empress of Austria

[edit]
Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse
Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
(Bourbon-Two Sicilies)
6 June 1772 15 August 1790 11 August 1804
husband's ascension
13 April 1807 Francis I
Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este
(Habsburg-Este)
14 December 1787 6 January 1808 7 April 1816
Caroline Augusta of Bavaria Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
(Wittelsbach)
8 February 1792 29 October 1816 2 March 1835
husband's death
9 February 1873
Maria Anna of Sardinia Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
(Savoy)
19 September 1803 12 February 1831 2 March 1835
husband's ascension
2 December 1848
husband's abdication
4 May 1884 Ferdinand I
Elisabeth in Bavaria Maximilian Joseph, Duke in Bavaria
(Wittelsbach)
24 December 1837 24 April 1854 10 September 1898 Franz Joseph I
Zita of Bourbon-Parma Robert I, Duke of Parma
(Bourbon-Parma)
9 May 1892 13 June 1911 21 November 1916
husband's ascension
11 November 1918
husband's deposition
14 March 1989 Charles I

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Also named Adelaide in some source.
  2. ^ Also named Sophia in some source.
  3. ^ a b The marriage was dissolved by the Pope in the following year; because it was only by proxy (rather than in person), it is not generally considered a 'real' marriage.
  4. ^ Claimed as Archduchess based on the unrecognized Privilegium Maius.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Did not claim title of Archduchess, but there was the senior Duchess in the Habsburg family and its claim on that title.