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Dragon's Lair

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This article is about the video game series. For the first game in the series, see Dragon's Lair (1983 video game). For other uses, see Dragon's Lair (disambiguation).
Dragon's Lair
Genre(s)
Developer(s)
Publisher(s)
Creator(s)
Platform(s)
First releaseDragon's Lair
June 19, 1983
Latest releaseDragon's Lair 3D: Return to the Lair
November 18, 2002

Dragon's Lair is a video game franchise created by Rick Dyer. The series is notable for its film-quality animation by ex-Disney animator Don Bluth, and complex decades-long history of being ported to many platforms. It has also been adapted into television and comic books.

The first game in the series, Dragon's Lair, was originally released for arcades in 1983 by Cinematronics.[1] It leveraged LaserDisc technology, offering greatly superior graphics compared to other contemporary video games.[2] While many home ports were released in the following years, developers often had to make severe compromises to make the game work on the target platforms of the era, such as splitting it into two halves.[3] A sequel, Dragon's Lair II: Time Warp, had started development as early as 1984, but would only see release in arcades in 1991. While its graphics were once again praised, its limited interactivity compared to the newer generation of arcade games was considered outdated, and kept it from reaching the same popularity of the original.[4]

The two first games in the series are considered gaming classics,[5] and are frequently re-released on each new generation of consoles, often bundled alongside the 1984 LaserDisc game Space Ace.[6]

The franchise has since expanded into other media, including a short lived animated series that aired on ABC in 1984 and a comic-book miniseries released in 2003. Plans for a feature-length film have existed since the 1980s and resurfaced in 2015, when Bluth launched two crowd-funding campaigns.[7] While the Kickstarter campaign was unsuccessful,[8] the Indiegogo campaign reached its target in early 2016.[9]

Gameplay

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Most games in the Dragon's Lair series are interactive films where the player controls Dirk the Daring, in a quest to save Princess Daphne. The game presents predetermined animated scenes, and the player must select a direction on the joystick or press the action button in order to clear each quick time event, with different full motion video segments showing the outcome.[10] A perfect run of the 1983 arcade game with no deaths lasts no more than 12 minutes. In total, the game has 22 minutes or 50,000 frames of animated footage, including individual death scenes and game over screens.[11]

Characters

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Dirk the Daring

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Dirk the Daring is the main protagonist of the first game and subsequent franchise. As a knight of the kingdom, Dirk was entrusted with the rescue of Princess Daphne from Mordroc and Singe because all other knights were killed. He becomes heir to the throne upon saving Princess Daphne; following her rescue, Dirk and Daphne are married. In both games, Dirk is voiced by sound editor Dan Molina. Retro Gamer included Dirk on their list of top 50 game characters in the category "Top Ten Forces of Good" and called him "without a doubt, the epitome of the heroic knight".[12]

Princess Daphne

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Princess Daphne
Dragon's Lair character
First appearanceDragon's Lair (1983)
Created byRick Dyer
Designed byDon Bluth
Voiced byVera Lanpher (Dragon's Lair, Dragon's Lair II)
Ellen Gerstell (television series)
Darcy Harvier (Dragon's Lair 3D)

In the games, Princess Daphne is the beautiful daughter of King Aethelred and an unnamed queen. She serves as the series' damsel in distress. A beautiful maiden coveted by many princes and knights, her heart belongs to the kingdom's champion, Dirk the Daring.[13][14]

Design and portrayal

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Princess Daphne was originally created by Rick Dyer's Advanced Microcomputer Systems (AMS, later RDI Video Systems) team, then completely redesigned by the ex-Disney artist and animator Don Bluth. Bluth took his inspiration from photographs from the producer Gary Goldman's collection of old issues of Playboy magazine, ultimately putting Daphne "in a very-revealing one piece 'thong' bathing suit with a sheer veil that partially covered her".[15] Due to the limited budget's constraints, Daphne's in-game vocals were supplied by the head of AMS' Clean-up Department, Vera Lanpher.[16]

For Dragon's Lair II, where Daphne has experienced more than a dozen births, Bluth said "he thought it would be interesting if Daphne looked just as beautiful as ever; there's absolutely no sign she's been through anything".[17] Professional voice actress Ellen Gerstell voiced the character in the cartoon, wherein her attire is a less-revealing dress.

Reception

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Princess Daphne was met with mostly positive reception and greatly contributed to the success of the game, which was then ported to various home platforms and followed by several sequels, remakes and spin-offs. She has been cited by multiple publications as one of the most attractive characters in video game history.[18][19][20][21][22] UGO included her on their 2010 list of top 50 "video game hotties": "When the game was released, Daphne was the best-looking video game heroine around, so we still have a bit of a soft spot for her today".[23] Including her at the 14th place on a similar list in 2012, Larry Hester of Complex opined Daphne "might be the finest damsel in distress ever. Sorry, Peach, Disney-style cel animation wins again".[24]

Back in 1983, JoyStik's Joe Mendsky wrote "Daphne may look like the closest thing to a porn star in the annals of the video game, but she's not dumb. She's seen the line of quarters across the floor at the Denver arcade".[25] Nearly three decades later, Complex said of her that there has "only ever really been one reason to play Dragon's Lair",[26] and stated: "Never mind that the gameplay was nothing more than a quarter-sucking game of trial-and-error and memorization. And, oh, God: Princess Daphne and her little sheer black dress. Jesus Christ. She was way too sexy. Our little brains exploded".[27] Ranking her as the 14th "hottest video game girl of all time" in 2013, Steve Jenkins of CheatCodes.com wrote: "Don Bluth's animated portrayal of Daphne, the princess who just can't seem to keep out of trouble, was the real attraction in this game… and attractive she was. (...) Princess Daphne's love of shear(sic!) clothing, plunging necklines, and her eternal 'damsel in distress' neediness made 50 cents a bargain to spend some quality time with her".[28] Writing about the reason Dragon's Lair became so popular, Nikola Suprak of Hardcore Gamer stated: "Years of playing video games has made me very familiar with the 'save the princess' motif, which makes me extremely suspicious about Daphne's princess credentials. There is a far greater chance that she is just a stripper with the stage name Princess than an actual princess, because if actual princesses dressed like she did the royal weddings wouldn't be so boring to watch".[29]

Jon M. Gibson of GameSpy called Daphne "the epitome of a damsel in distress".[30] Rob Mead of ST Format wrote "Daphne has to be the dippiest woman on the planet. She's gone and got herself kidnapped again. Can you believe it? The woman is a victim. She might as well walk around with the words 'Kidnap me' tattooed on her forehead".[31] Charlie Barratt of GamesRadar included her among the seven "damsels you DON'T want to save", arguing that "underneath the skimpy leotard and fluttering eyelashes, Daphne's no deeper than a cardboard cutout. No smarter than a blow-up doll bimbo. Nothing more than salacious and cynical bait for your hard-earned quarters (and Dragon's Lair swallowed a LOT of quarters)".[32] Glamour model Tara Babcock ranked the "beyond beautiful" Daphne as the 16th "hottest video game" and wrote that "her half-naked, yet regal appearance, flowing blonde hair, big eyes with batting lashes and cute, ditzy appearance ... has been the subject of much controversy over 'sexism' in gaming!"[33]

Daphne's voice was described by Earl Green of Classic Gamer Magazine as "a high pitched voice that could cause harm to small pets".[34] Green also wrote that "those of us who were entering adolescence at the time never quite forgave the TV show for covering Princess Daphne up, even though a vast improvement was made in giving her more personality and more intelligence, rather than the original game's helium-voiced ditzy blonde".[35] Reviewing Dragon's Lair 3D in 2002, GameSpot's Ryan Davis wrote Daphne "sounds just as squeaky and ditzy as she did in 1983".[36] Kristan Reed of Eurogamer wrote it "remains as simultaneously amusing and irritating as ever".[37]

Singe

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Singe is a dragon who kidnaps Daphne.

Games

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Release timeline
1983Dragon's Lair
1984–1986
1987Escape from Singe's Castle
1988–1989
1990Dragon's Lair (NES)
1991Dragon's Lair: The Legend
Dragon's Lair II: Time Warp
1992Dragon's Lair III: The Curse of Mordread
Dragon's Lair (SNES)
1993Franky, Joe & Dirk: On the Tiles
1994–2001
2002Dragon's Lair 3D: Return to the Lair

Main series

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Spin-offs

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Other media

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TV series

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The game led to the creation of a short-lived television cartoon series, Dragon's Lair by Ruby-Spears Productions, where Dirk the Daring is voiced by Bob Sarlatte and the unseen storyteller that narrates each episode is voiced by Clive Revill. Changes in the TV series include the originally nameless Dragon being given the name Singe (voiced by Arthur Burghardt), Princess Daphne (voiced by Ellen Gerstell) wears a long pink dress, and includes some exclusive characters like Princess Daphne's father King Ethelred (voiced by Fred Travalena), Dirk the Daring's horse Bertram (vocal effects provided by Peter Cullen), Dirk the Daring's squire Timothy (voiced by Michael Mish), and Dirk the Daring's rival Sir Hubert Blunt (voiced by Peter Cullen). Enemies include the Lizard King, the Phantom Knight, the Giddy Goons, and the Mudmen. Thirteen half-hour episodes were produced and aired on the ABC network from September 8, 1984, to April 27, 1985. It was last aired on the USA Cartoon Express between the late '80s and the early '90s. To keep the show in the spirit of the game, before each commercial break the storyteller asks what the viewer would do to solve the problem facing Dirk. After the commercial break, the outcomes of the various choices are shown before Dirk acts on the correct idea (with the occasional exception) to save the day. Don Bluth had no involvement in the TV series.

Comic books

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A comic book miniseries based on the game, but incorporating elements from the cartoon series as well, like Dirk's horse Bertram, was released in 2003 by CrossGen, concurrent with a miniseries based on Space Ace. Arcana Studio published the entire comic book series in 2006, as there are three issues that were previously unpublished.

Film

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In the 1980s, a film version of Dragon's Lair was planned, with Alan Dean Foster involved in shaping the story. The project fell apart due to low interest from other studios.[47]

In 2015 and 2016, Bluth and Goldman crowdfunded US$731,172 for a 10-minute teaser for an animated feature-length Dragon's Lair prequel film, their first feature film since Titan A.E.[8][9][48] Bluth and Goldman have announced that the film will provide more backstory for Dirk and Daphne and that Daphne will show that she is not a "blonde airhead".[49]

In March 2020, a live action film adaptation was approved by Netflix after one year of negotiations. Ryan Reynolds was in talks for the lead role. Reynolds, Roy Lee, Trevor Engelson, Bluth, Goldman, and former Bluth collaborator John Pomeroy are producers, with Dan and Kevin Hageman as writers.[50]

References

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  1. ^ "Review: 'Dragon's Lair' returns on Blu-ray Disc". CNN.com. May 18, 2007. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
  2. ^ "Enter The Dragon's Lair" (PDF). Games Magazine. February 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  3. ^ "Conversion Capers" (PDF). Retro Gamer. May 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
  4. ^ "Review Crew: Dragon's Lair II". Electronic Gaming Monthly. December 1994.
  5. ^ Service, Marc Saltzman Gannett News. "CNN.com - New 'Dragon's Lair' disappoints - Feb 13, 2003". edition.cnn.com. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  6. ^ Harris, Craig (October 27, 2010). "Dragon's Lair Trilogy Review". IGN. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  7. ^ "Dragon's Lair creators turn to Kickstarter to raise money for Dragon's Lair: The Movie". Polygon. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  8. ^ a b "Dragon's Lair: The Movie (Canceled) by Don Bluth & Gary Goldman — Kickstarter". Kickstarter.com. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  9. ^ a b "Dragons Lair Returns". Indiegogo.com. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  10. ^ Simone de Rochefort (October 27, 2017). "Something out of science-fiction: A short history of Dragon's Lair". Polygon. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  11. ^ "Dragon's Lair". Animator's Newsletter. No. 8. Spring 1984. p. 39. Retrieved May 2, 2022.
  12. ^ Retro Gamer 2, page 37.
  13. ^ "Amtix Magazine Issue 17". March 1987. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
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  17. ^ "Computer Games - Vol 3 No 1 (1984-04) (Carnegie Publications) (US)". April 1984. Archived from the original on 2016-09-09. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  18. ^ "Top 20 Girls of Gaming - Gallery 1 - EN". Download.CHIP.eu. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2014-06-15.
  19. ^ "Top 10 Sexiest Outfits". ScrewAttack's Top 10. ScrewAttack.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-25. Retrieved 2014-06-15.
  20. ^ "Babe of the Week: Out-of-Work Babes Gallery and Images - GameDaily". Archived from the original on 2009-04-14. Retrieved 2014-06-15.
  21. ^ "40 Hot But Forgotten Female Video Game Characters". Complex. Archived from the original on 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2014-06-15.
  22. ^ "25 nhân vật nữ khiến các game thủ nam "mất tập trung" nhất | Đánh giá - Phóng sự | Thanh Niên Game". Game.thanhnien.com.vn. Archived from the original on 2015-04-12. Retrieved 2015-04-05.
  23. ^ UGO Team (2011-10-27). "Princess Daphne - Hottest Girls in Games". UGO.com. Archived from the original on 2013-07-28. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  24. ^ "47. Princess Daphne The 50 Hottest Video Game Characters". Complex. 2012-06-27. Archived from the original on 2014-01-18. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  25. ^ "Joystik Magazine (November 1983) Volume 2 Number 2". November 1983. Archived from the original on 2016-03-15. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  26. ^ "Arcade Classic "Dragon's Lair" Getting Kinect-ed On XBLA May 18". Complex. 2012-04-28. Archived from the original on 2012-06-23. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  27. ^ "Dragon's Lair 10 Arcade Cabinets That Will Make You Miss Your Childhood". Complex. 2014-02-09. Archived from the original on 2014-03-16. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  28. ^ "Top 25 Hottest Video Game Girls of All Time | Page 13 of 26 | CheatCodes.com Extra". Cheatcodes.com. 2013-10-21. Archived from the original on 2014-06-27. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  29. ^ "Never Forget: Dragons Lair ‹ Hardcore Gamer". Hardcoregamer.com. 7 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  30. ^ "GameSpy: Dragon's Lair 3D: Return to the Lair - Page 1". Xbox.gamespy.com. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  31. ^ "ST Format - Issue 045 (1993-04) (Future Publishing) (UK)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  32. ^ "Page 7 - The Top 7... Damsels You DON'T Want to Save". GamesRadar. 2008-01-28. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  33. ^ "Tara's G-Spot - Games that hit the spot, according to Tara Babcock - 20 HOTTEST VIDEO GAME BABES BY TARA BABCOCK". www.impulsegamer.com. 2008-08-02. Archived from the original on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
  34. ^ "Classic Gamer Magazine - Volume 1 Issue 5 (2000-09) (Classic Gamer) (US)". September 2000. Archived from the original on 2016-04-09. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  35. ^ "Classic Gamer Magazine - Volume 1 Issue 4 (2000-06) (Classic Gamer) (US)". June 2000. Archived from the original on 2016-03-17. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  36. ^ Davis, Ryan (2003-01-08). "Dragon's Lair 3D: Return to the Lair Review". GameSpot. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  37. ^ Reed, Kristan (2004-03-17). "Dragon's Lair 3D: Special Edition". Eurogamer.net. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  38. ^ "Dragon's Lair". The International Arcade Museum. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  39. ^ Landau, Francesca (April 1984). "New Concept in Arcade Video Gaming" (PDF). Starburst. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  40. ^ "History of Computing: Video games - Golden Age". Thocp.net. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  41. ^ "Dragon's Lair - Smithsonian Institution". Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  42. ^ "Cinematronics "Dragon's Lair" model L-D arcade video game - Smithsonian Institution". Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  43. ^ "Brutal Deluxe releases Dragon's Lair: Escape from Singe's Castle for Apple IIGS". Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  44. ^ "Dragon's Lair Project Message Board". D-l-p.com. January 23, 2002. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  45. ^ "Brutal Deluxe releases Dragon's Lair III for Apple IIGS". Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  46. ^ "Dragon's Lair 3D: Return to the Lair". Metacritic. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  47. ^ Cawley, John. Games on TV and The Big Screen
  48. ^ "Dragon's Lair creators turn to Kickstarter to raise money for Dragon's Lair: The Movie - Polygon". Polygon. 26 October 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  49. ^ "Dragon's Lair Movie Won't Depict "Sexualized" Version of Princess Daphne - GameSpot". Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  50. ^ Kit, Borys (March 27, 2020). "Ryan Reynolds in Talks to Tackle Live-Action Adaptation of '80s Video Game 'Dragon's Lair' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 28, 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
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