Draft:Vaniya Chettiar
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வாணிய செட்டியார் | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
| India: Tamil Nadu,andhra pradesh,kerala,karnataka | |
| Languages | |
| Tamil,telugu | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism |
The Vaniyar, also known as Vania Chettiar, are an ethnic group residing in Tamil Nadu, India [1] . Vaniyar are a mercantile community who are Traditionally engaged in the oil trade, producing and selling oil extracted using chekku (traditional wooden oil presses). use the title Chettiar.They are classified under the Backward Class in the state's reservation system[2]. Chettiars in Tamil Nadu are split linguistically into Tamil and Telugu-speaking groups. The Telugu-speaking segment is known as Telikula.
Etymology and Name Origin
[edit]The name "Vaniya" is rooted in the Sanskrit "Vani," associated with trade and business, especially oil pressing. This name illustrates the community’s historical significance as oil merchants and artisans skilled in using traditional tools like wooden and stone oil presses. The evolution of this nomenclature is linked to their central role in local commerce and essential industries in South India.
Chettiar/Chetty is derived from the Sanskrit word Śreṣṭha (Devanagari: श्रेष्ठ) or Śreṣṭhin (Devanagari: श्रेष्ठीन्) meaning superior, Prakritised as Seṭhī (Devanagari: सेठी), and then Śeṭ (Devanagari: शेट) or Śeṭī (Devanagari: शेटी) in modern Indo-Aryan dialects.[3][4][5][6][7][8]
Historical Background
[edit]The Vaniya Chettiar community has deep roots in the history of Tamil Nadu, tracing back to the early medieval period. Originally known as "Sangarappadiyars," they played an important role in economic activities, particularly oil extraction and the related trade. They established commercial networks that stretched into Kerala, signifying a broader regional presence that enabled the exchange of resources and cultural interactions. During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Vaniya Chettiars' economic influence grew as they facilitated trade between inland areas and coastal towns, creating vital economic links. Despite their prosperity in commerce, they faced certain caste-based restrictions that reflected the broader hierarchical structures in medieval Tamil society. These limitations affected their access to religious and social privileges, yet they managed to thrive by leveraging their trade expertise and community cohesion.
Cultural Practices and Traditions
[edit]The Vaniya Chettiar lifestyle is deeply embedded in Tamil culture. Their way of life has long been marked by industriousness and strong familial ties. The community places great value on joint family systems, promoting a network of support that contributes to their resilience and economic continuity. These families often maintain ancestral homes that serve as symbols of heritage and pride.
Sub caste
[edit]Ennai Vaaniyan, Uppu Vaaniyar, Theen Vaaniyar, Kal Vaaniyar. [9]
Marriage Customs
[edit]Weddings within the Vaniya Chettiar community are grand affairs that reflect Tamil Nadu's rich cultural backdrop. Traditional ceremonies involve rituals such as the Kanyadana (giving away of the bride) and Mangala sutra (tying of the sacred thread), accompanied by music and dance that echo centuries-old traditions. The community takes pride in these events as they reinforce social bonds and familial alliances.
Economic Contributions and Trade
[edit]The Vaniya Chettiar community's expertise in the oil trade established them as influential participants in local and regional economies. Their economic activities expanded to include trading in agricultural products, leveraging Tamil Nadu's fertile lands. Their trade networks connected them with other business communities, forming alliances that supported mutual growth.
Artisanal Skills
[edit]The community’s knowledge of oil extraction was supplemented by craftsmanship in woodwork and the construction of oil presses. This expertise made them respected artisans and innovators in their trade.
Social Structure and Lifestyle
[edit]Vaniya Chettiars traditionally followed a semi-urban lifestyle, balancing between rural traditions and urban trade opportunities. Their homes often featured distinct architecture, combining practicality with aesthetic elements that symbolized prosperity. Family life revolved around shared responsibilities, with elders playing an advisory role in business and personal matters.
Cuisine
[edit]The diet of the Vaniya Chettiar community reflects Tamil culinary traditions, with a particular emphasis on vegetarian dishes. Meals are often prepared with oil produced from their trade, showcasing their connection to their primary occupation.
Education and Social Mobility
[edit]Historically, access to education for the community was limited due to social hierarchies. However, with societal changes in the 20th century, the Vaniya Chettiars placed greater emphasis on education, seeing it as a path to diversification and enhanced social mobility. Today, many members of the community are engaged in professions beyond their traditional roles, including business management, law, and academia.
Community Development
[edit]Organizations and cultural groups have emerged to support educational and entrepreneurial initiatives among the Vaniya Chettiars, promoting social upliftment and integration into broader economic sectors.
References
[edit]- ^ Cāṉṟōrkula marapukāttal
- ^ List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu https://bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm
- ^ Jalal, Ayesha (1995). Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia: A Comparative and Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-521-47862-5.
- ^ Raychaudhuri, Tapan; Habib, Irfan; Kumar, Dharma (1982). The Cambridge Economic History of India: c.1200–c.1750. Cambridge University Press Archive. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-521-22692-9.
- ^ "The Dawn and Dawn Society's Magazine". 12. Calcutta: Lall Mohan Mullick. 1909: 91.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help):”In all the early Indian literatures, the word is applied to a very wealthy class of merchants, who invariably belonged to the Vysya class” - ^ Belle, Carl Vadivella (2017). Thaipusam in Malaysia. Singapore: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. ISBN 9789814695756.:”Although the Chettiars were originally a Sudra caste, in more recent times they have made claim to be considered as Vaisyas.”
- ^ Intirā Pārttacārati (2008). Ramanujar: The Life and Ideas of Ramanuja. Oxford University Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-19-569161-0.
The Chetti, Vaisya, or merchant caste
- ^ Population Review. Indian Institute for Population Studies. 1975. p. 26.
- ^ Cāṉṟōrkula marapukāttal