Paraclimbing
Paraclimbing is competitive climbing for athletes with disabilities.
The classification system defines who is eligible to compete in paraclimbing and groups athletes with eligible impairments into sports classes. Athletes are placed into a sport class based on how much their impairment affects their ability to carry out the fundamental activities in paraclimbing.[1]
Sports classification for competitions differentiates paraclimbing from adaptive climbing in general.
History
[edit]The IFSC has been hosting paraclimbing competitions since the first international event in 2006 in Ekaterinburg, Russia. The sport grew, and a regular circuit was added to the IFSC calendar from 2010. IFSC Paraclimbing World Championships have taken place since 2011. The IFSC Paraclimbing World Championships run alongside the IFSC Climbing World Championships, promoting para athletes on the same stage as other athletes.[2][3]
In January 2017, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) granted the IFSC the status of "Recognised International Federation".[4]
Development
[edit]In October 2018, the IFSC announced a plan for developing paracimbing.[2] The IFSC Strategic Plan 2020–2028 includes plans to "professionalise paraclimbing to meet IPC standards and aim at its inclusion in future Paralympic Games editions, starting from Los Angeles 2028."[5]
In 2023, three Paraclimbing World Cups (Innsbruck in Austria, Swiss venue Villars and an unspecified location in the United States) and the World Championships[6] (Bern, Switzerland) were planned.[7]
In January 2023, the IPC shortlisted paraclimbing as one of two options for new sports at the 2028 Summer Paralympics, deferring approval to the Games' organising committee.[8] In June 2024, the LA 2028 organising committee selected paraclimbing for inclusion.[9][10]
Competition formats
[edit]In competition climbing, there are three climbing formats: lead, speed, and boulder. Lead is the dominant format.[11]
In competitions ranking is based on the furthest reached height while climbing. Competitors try unknown routes until they fall. If rankings are the same, previous round results or time is used to rank the athletes.[11]
Participation and classification
[edit]A wide range of different people take part in Paraclimbing, including visually impaired climbers, climbers with limb differences[12] and those with brain injuries or mobility impairments.[13][14] Higher numbers equate to higher functionality (less impairment), lower numbers equate to lower functionality (more impairment).[15]
| Category | Criteria | Example image | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visual impairment | B1 | Visual acuity is poorer than LogMAR 2.60 (blindness) | .jpg)
|
| B2 | LogMAR of 1.50 − 2.60 and/or visual field of less than 10° | ||
| B3 | LogMAR of 1 − 1.40 (20/200 − 20/500 on the Snellen chart) and/or visual field of less than 40° | ||
| Upper limb(s) | AU2 | One upper limb has reduced function below the athletes elbow and does not have a
functional wrist joint |
.jpg)
|
| AU3 | One hand or multiple digits across both hands are absent or have reduced function | ||
| Lower limb(s) | AL1 | Significantly reduced functional use for climbing or absence of bilateral lower limbs | .jpg)
|
| AL2 | Impairment in a single lower limb or leg length difference | ||
| Range and power | RP1 | Impairment across all eligible impairment types with severe impairment to function affecting at least 2 limbs or a single upper limb is absent or has severely limited functional use | .jpg)
|
| RP2 | Impairment across all eligible impairment types with moderate impairment to function affecting the trunk and/or limbs | ||
| RP3 | Impairment across all eligible impairment types with mild impairment to function affecting the trunk and/or limbs | ||
In the 2022-2023 season AU1 was permanently combined with RP1, and a new category of upper arm limb difference was added. AU3 is the designated sport class for athletes with limb differences between the wrist and tips of the fingers. With a minimum impairment of a loss of 6 finger joints across both hands. Prior to the creation of this sport class many AU3 athletes classified in RP3.
Before an official IFSC event (World Cup or World Championships), there is an evaluation session for those who require classification. During this evaluation session, classifiers test the Para-athlete to determine the correct sport class for them. Medical documentation is checked by the classifiers in advance.
Merging
[edit]
If there is an insufficient number of competitors in a given category, this category can be merged into another, 'harder' category. In world championships at least six athletes from four countries must compete in each category, while world cups require four athletes from three countries. Merges may be performed sequentially until the required number of competitors is met.[16]
References
[edit]- ^ "Classification in Para sport". Paralympics New Zealand. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
- ^ a b "Paraclimbing". www.ifsc-climbing.org. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
- ^ DiNunzio, Jeff (2014-08-19). "A Group Lifts Paraclimbers to Higher Goals". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
- ^ "The IPC Governing Board concludes three days of meetings in Bonn". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
- ^ "IFSC UNVEILS 2020–2028 STRATEGIC PLAN". www.ifsc-climbing.org. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
- ^ "IFSC Climbing World Championships 2023 Bern". Climbing- und Paraclimbing-WM Bern 2023. 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
- ^ "IFSC to hold three Paraclimbing World Cup events in 2023 including one in US". www.insidethegames.biz. 2022-09-14. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
- ^ "LA28 Paralympic Games initial sport programme to feature 22 sports". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
- ^ "LA 2028 proposes para-climbing for the Paralympic programme". Inside the Games. 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
- ^ "Para climbing to be included in the LA28 Paralympic Games". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
- ^ a b "What is Paraclimbing?". Paraclimbing News. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
- ^ "World champs to be valuable experience for climber". NZ Herald. 16 July 2019. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
- ^ "ARTICLE: The Rise of the UK Paraclimbing Community". www.ukclimbing.com. 6 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
- ^ "Hiking Mt. Whitney is tough. With a spinal cord injury, it's an endless suffer-fest". Los Angeles Times. 2021-09-22. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
- ^ "Classification". Paraclimbing News. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
- ^ a b "Paraclimbing routesetting guidelines - updated march 2023" (PDF). International Federation of Sport Climbing. 2023.
- ^ "Paraclimbing routesetting guidelines - updated march 2023" (PDF). International Federation of Sport Climbing. 2023.