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Husain in 2023

Masud Husain FMedSci[1] is a clinical neurologist and neuroscientist working in the UK. He is Professor of Neurology & Cognitive Neuroscience at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences[2] and Departmental of Experimental Psychology,[3] University of Oxford, a Professorial Fellow at New College, Oxford,[4] and Editor-in-Chief of the journal Brain[5]. He was born in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

Education

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Husain was educated at King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Boys, Birmingham, and studied Physiological Sciences (Medicine) at New College, Oxford,[4] before completing his Doctor of Philosophy degree at Christ Church, Oxford, where he was a Senior Scholar. He held a Harkness Fellowship while a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Richard A. Andersen at MIT.[6] Husain completed his clinical and neurological training at hospitals in Oxford and London.[2]

Research and career

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Husain's research focuses on cognitive functions in people with neurological diseases and healthy people.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

Attention and inattention

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His work on people with hemispatial neglect following stroke demonstrated several novel components of this syndrome. Using the attentional blink paradigm he showed that there were non-spatial, selective attention deficits in these patients,[16] in addition to their well-established directional attentional bias. Subsequent behavioural studies revealed that some people with hemispatial neglect can also suffer from impaired spatial working memory,[17] often revisiting locations without being aware that they have fixated them before.[18][19] Some may have poor sustained attention as measured on vigilance tasks,[20] or even directional motor deficits as indexed by paradigms where the spatial location of a visual target is dissociated from direction of movement required to reach it.[21][22] These findings provided further evidence for neglect being a multi-component syndrome, with different patients having different deficits, depending upon the extent of their lesion.[23][24] Critical brain regions associated with neglect that were identified by this work, included the right inferior posterior parietal and frontal regions.[25][26] Experimental medicine studies by Husain's group using the dopamine agonist rotigotine[27] and the noradrenergic agonist guanfacine[28][29] demonstrated that these drugs can ameliorate hemispatial neglect to some extent by improving attention.

Visual short-term or working memory

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By using new methods to measure the precision of recall in healthy people, work in Husain's lab challenged the view that capacity of visual short-term memory or working memory is limited to a fixed number of items.[30][31] Instead, this research revealed that although short-term memory is a highly limited resource, it can be flexibly deployed depending upon task demands.[32] This work led to the application of new methods to measure short-term memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease,[33][34] Parkinson's disease[33][34][35] and individuals at risk of developing these conditions.[33][34][35][36] The techniques that have been developed can provide more sensitive ways to measure short-term memory than traditional methods.[37] They have also revealed how different mechanisms might underlie short-term memory disorders in different neurological conditions.[34]

Motivation, apathy and initiation of action

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Work from Husain's lab showed that lesions to ventral basal ganglia leads to a condition of profound apathy, manifest as a lack of motivation to initiate action and specifically attributable to a deficit in reward sensitivity.[38] Using the dopamine receptor agonist ropinirole, it was possible to improve reward sensitivity, restore motivational vigour and reverse apathy.[38] These observations stimulated larger-scale studies in Parkinson's disease, a condition associated with basal ganglia pathology and often debilitating apathy. The syndrome of pathological apathy in Parkinson's disease[39][40] and small vessel cerebrovascular disease[41][42] was found to be characterised by reduced sensitivity to rewards, a deficit that could be ameliorated by dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson's disease.[39][40] This has led to a theoretical framework to understand mechanisms underlying apathy across brain disorders which incorporates concepts from cost-benefit decision making to formalise how people differ in their willingness to engage in effort in order to obtain potential rewards.[43]

The basal ganglia are considered to be essential for linking motivation to action systems.[44] Outputs of the basal ganglia are strongly connected to medial frontal cortex. Husain's group identified a mechanism that resolves competition between conflicting action plans, in medial frontal brain regions, including the supplementary eye field,[45] supplementary motor area and pre-supplementary motor area.[46][47] A key component of voluntary control paradoxically appears to involve inhibition of unwanted actions that are primed automatically by seeing objects around us.[48] This control is lost following supplementary motor area and pre-supplementary motor area lesions. Findings from lesion, stimulation and physiological studies were incorporated to provide a new theoretical framework for the role of the supplementary motor area and pre-supplementary motor area complex.[49]

Awards and honours

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Husain held a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship at Imperial College London (2000-2007) and University College London, UCL (2007–12). He was awarded a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellowship (2012-2023) and elected Fellow of the UK Academy of Medical Sciences (2008).[1] Husain won the Royal College of Physicians' (London) Graham Bull Prize in Clinical Science (2006), British Neuropsychological Society's Elizabeth Warrington Prize (2006),[50] and the European Academy of Neurology Investigator Award (2016).[51] He is Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology (2018) and Fellow of the European Academy of Neurology (2018),[52] and is co-lead of the NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre Dementia theme (2022 -)[53] and Dementia Research Oxford at the University of Oxford[54]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Professor Masud Husain | The Academy of Medical Sciences". acmedsci.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  2. ^ a b "Masud Husain". www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  3. ^ "Masud Husain". www.psy.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  4. ^ a b "Masud Husain | New College". www.new.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  5. ^ "Editorial_Board". Oxford Academic. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  6. ^ "Alumni". Andersen Lab. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  7. ^ "Masud Husain". www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  8. ^ "Masud Husain". www.psy.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  9. ^ "Brain structure may be root of apathy | University of Oxford". www.ox.ac.uk. 2015-11-13. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  10. ^ "High blood pressure and diabetes impair brain function, study suggests". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  11. ^ "Covid-19: Infection raises brain conditions risk". BBC News. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  12. ^ "Canongate acquires neurologist's debut book on brain disorders and identity". The Bookseller. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  13. ^ "ORCID". orcid.org. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  14. ^ Prior, Ryan (2021-04-07). "A third of Covid-19 survivors suffer 'brain disease,' study shows". CNN. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  15. ^ "Brain disorders affect 1 in 3 Covid survivors, large UK study shows". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  16. ^ Husain, Masud; Shapiro, Kimron; Martin, Jesse; Kennard, Christopher (1997). "Abnormal temporal dynamics of visual attention in spatial neglect patients". Nature. 385 (6612): 154–156. Bibcode:1997Natur.385..154H. doi:10.1038/385154a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 8990117. S2CID 4281607.
  17. ^ Malhotra, Paresh; Jager, H. Rolf; Parton, Andrew; Greenwood, Richard; Playford, E. Diane; Brown, Martin M.; Driver, John; Husain, Masud (2004-12-22). "Spatial working memory capacity in unilateral neglect". Brain. 128 (2): 424–435. doi:10.1093/brain/awh372. ISSN 1460-2156. PMID 15644422.
  18. ^ Husain, M. (2001-05-01). "Impaired spatial working memory across saccades contributes to abnormal search in parietal neglect". Brain. 124 (5): 941–952. doi:10.1093/brain/124.5.941. PMID 11335696.
  19. ^ Mannan, Sabira K.; Mort, Dominic J.; Hodgson, Tim L.; Driver, Jon; Kennard, Christopher; Husain, Masud (2005-02-01). "Revisiting Previously Searched Locations in Visual Neglect: Role of Right Parietal and Frontal Lesions in Misjudging Old Locations as New". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 17 (2): 340–354. doi:10.1162/0898929053124983. ISSN 0898-929X. PMID 15811244. S2CID 9434730.
  20. ^ Malhotra, Paresh; Coulthard, Elizabeth J.; Husain, Masud (2009). "Role of right posterior parietal cortex in maintaining attention to spatial locations over time". Brain. 132 (3): 645–660. doi:10.1093/brain/awn350. ISSN 1460-2156. PMC 2664449. PMID 19158107.
  21. ^ Mattingley, Jason B.; Husain, Masud; Rorden, Chris; Kennard, Christopher; Driver, Jon (1998). "Motor role of human inferior parietal lobe revealed in unilateral neglect patients". Nature. 392 (6672): 179–182. Bibcode:1998Natur.392..179M. doi:10.1038/32413. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 9515962. S2CID 205001866.
  22. ^ Husain, M.; Mattingley, Jason B.; Rorden, Chris; Kennard, Christopher; Driver, John (2000-08-01). "Distinguishing sensory and motor biases in parietal and frontal neglect". Brain. 123 (8): 1643–1659. doi:10.1093/brain/123.8.1643. PMID 10908194.
  23. ^ Husain, Masud; Rorden, Chris (2003). "Non-spatially lateralized mechanisms in hemispatial neglect". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 4 (1): 26–36. doi:10.1038/nrn1005. ISSN 1471-003X. PMID 12511859. S2CID 11450338.
  24. ^ Husain, Masud (2019). "Visual Attention: What Inattention Reveals about the Brain". Current Biology. 29 (7): R262–R264. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.026. PMID 30939313. S2CID 89617355.
  25. ^ Mort, Dominic J.; Malhotra, Paresh; Mannan, Sabira K; Rorden, Chris; Pambakian, Alidz; Kennard, Chris; Husain, Masud (2003-09-01). "The anatomy of visual neglect". Brain. 126 (9): 1986–1997. doi:10.1093/brain/awg200. ISSN 1460-2156. PMID 12821519.
  26. ^ Husain, Masud; Kennard, Christopher (1996-09-01). "Visual neglect associated with frontal lobe infarction". Journal of Neurology. 243 (9): 652–657. doi:10.1007/BF00878662. ISSN 1432-1459. PMID 8892067. S2CID 11280313.
  27. ^ Gorgoraptis, Nikos; Mah, Yee-Haur; Machner, Bjoern; Singh-Curry, Victoria; Malhotra, Paresh; Hadji-Michael, Maria; Cohen, David; Simister, Robert; Nair, Ajoy; Kulinskaya, Elena; Ward, Nick; Greenwood, Richard; Husain, Masud (2012). "The effects of the dopamine agonist rotigotine on hemispatial neglect following stroke". Brain. 135 (8): 2478–2491. doi:10.1093/brain/aws154. ISSN 1460-2156. PMC 3407421. PMID 22761293.
  28. ^ Malhotra, Paresh A.; Parton, Andrew D.; Greenwood, Richard; Husain, Masud (2006). "Noradrenergic modulation of space exploration in visual neglect". Annals of Neurology. 59 (1): 186–190. doi:10.1002/ana.20701. ISSN 0364-5134. PMID 16261567. S2CID 41900093.
  29. ^ Dalmaijer, Edwin S.; Li, Korina M. S.; Gorgoraptis, Nikos; Leff, Alexander P.; Cohen, David L.; Parton, Andrew D.; Husain, Masud; Malhotra, Paresh A. (2018-06-01). "Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of single-dose guanfacine in unilateral neglect following stroke". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 89 (6): 593–598. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-317338. ISSN 0022-3050. PMC 6031270. PMID 29436486.
  30. ^ Bays, Paul M.; Husain, Masud (2008-08-08). "Dynamic Shifts of Limited Working Memory Resources in Human Vision". Science. 321 (5890): 851–854. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..851B. doi:10.1126/science.1158023. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 2532743. PMID 18687968.
  31. ^ Bays, P. M.; Catalao, R. F. G.; Husain, M. (2009-09-01). "The precision of visual working memory is set by allocation of a shared resource". Journal of Vision. 9 (10): 7.1–11. doi:10.1167/9.10.7. ISSN 1534-7362. PMC 3118422. PMID 19810788.
  32. ^ Ma, Wei Ji; Husain, Masud; Bays, Paul M. (2014). "Changing concepts of working memory". Nature Neuroscience. 17 (3): 347–356. doi:10.1038/nn.3655. ISSN 1546-1726. PMC 4159388. PMID 24569831.
  33. ^ a b c Zokaei, Nahid; Sillence, Annie; Kienast, Annika; Drew, Daniel; Plant, Olivia; Slavkova, Ellie; Manohar, Sanjay G.; Husain, Masud (2020-11-01). "Different patterns of short-term memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and subjective cognitive impairment". Cortex. 132: 41–50. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.06.016. ISSN 0010-9452. PMC 7651994. PMID 32919108.
  34. ^ a b c d Zokaei, Nahid; Husain, Masud (2019), Hodgson, Timothy (ed.), "Working Memory in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease", Processes of Visuospatial Attention and Working Memory, Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol. 41, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 325–344, doi:10.1007/7854_2019_103, ISBN 978-3-030-31026-4, PMID 31347008, S2CID 198912072, retrieved 2023-10-30
  35. ^ a b Rolinski, Michal; Zokaei, Nahid; Baig, Fahd; Giehl, Kathrin; Quinnell, Timothy; Zaiwalla, Zenobia; Mackay, Clare E.; Husain, Masud; Hu, Michele T. M. (2016). "Visual short-term memory deficits in REM sleep behaviour disorder mirror those in Parkinson's disease". Brain. 139 (1): 47–53. doi:10.1093/brain/awv334. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 4949392. PMID 26582557.
  36. ^ Liang, Yuying; Pertzov, Yoni; Nicholas, Jennifer M.; Henley, Susie M.D.; Crutch, Sebastian; Woodward, Felix; Leung, Kelvin; Fox, Nick C.; Husain, Masud (2016). "Visual short-term memory binding deficit in familial Alzheimer's disease". Cortex. 78: 150–164. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.015. PMC 4865502. PMID 27085491.
  37. ^ Zokaei, Nahid; Burnett Heyes, Stephanie; Gorgoraptis, Nikos; Budhdeo, Sanjay; Husain, Masud (2015). "Working memory recall precision is a more sensitive index than span". Journal of Neuropsychology. 9 (2): 319–329. doi:10.1111/jnp.12052. ISSN 1748-6645. PMID 25208525. S2CID 23417389.
  38. ^ a b Adam, Robert; Leff, Alexander; Sinha, Nihal; Turner, Christopher; Bays, Paul; Draganski, Bogdan; Husain, Masud (2013). "Dopamine reverses reward insensitivity in apathy following globus pallidus lesions". Cortex. 49 (5): 1292–1303. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.04.013. PMC 3639369. PMID 22721958.
  39. ^ a b Muhammed, Kinan; Manohar, Sanjay; Ben Yehuda, Michael; Chong, Trevor T.-J.; Tofaris, George; Lennox, Graham; Bogdanovic, Marko; Hu, Michele; Husain, Masud (2016). "Reward sensitivity deficits modulated by dopamine are associated with apathy in Parkinson's disease". Brain. 139 (10): 2706–2721. doi:10.1093/brain/aww188. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 5035817. PMID 27452600.
  40. ^ a b Le Heron, Campbell; Plant, Olivia; Manohar, Sanjay; Ang, Yuen-Siang; Jackson, Matthew; Lennox, Graham; Hu, Michele T; Husain, Masud (2018-05-01). "Distinct effects of apathy and dopamine on effort-based decision-making in Parkinson's disease". Brain. 141 (5): 1455–1469. doi:10.1093/brain/awy110. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 5917786. PMID 29672668.
  41. ^ Le Heron, Campbell; Manohar, Sanjay; Plant, Olivia; Muhammed, Kinan; Griffanti, Ludovica; Nemeth, Andrea; Douaud, Gwenaëlle; Markus, Hugh S; Husain, Masud (2018-10-20). "Dysfunctional effort-based decision-making underlies apathy in genetic cerebral small vessel disease". Brain. 141 (11): 3193–3210. doi:10.1093/brain/awy257. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 6202575. PMID 30346491.
  42. ^ Saleh, Youssuf; Le Heron, Campbell; Petitet, Pierre; Veldsman, Michele; Drew, Daniel; Plant, Olivia; Schulz, Ursula; Sen, Arjune; Rothwell, Peter M; Manohar, Sanjay; Husain, Masud (2021-05-07). "Apathy in small vessel cerebrovascular disease is associated with deficits in effort-based decision making". Brain. 144 (4): 1247–1262. doi:10.1093/brain/awab013. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 8240747. PMID 33734344.
  43. ^ Husain, Masud; Roiser, Jonathan P. (2018). "Neuroscience of apathy and anhedonia: a transdiagnostic approach". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 19 (8): 470–484. doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0029-9. ISSN 1471-0048. PMID 29946157. S2CID 49428707.
  44. ^ Mogenson, G; Jones, D; Yim, C (1980). "From motivation to action: Functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system". Progress in Neurobiology. 14 (2–3): 69–97. doi:10.1016/0301-0082(80)90018-0.
  45. ^ Husain, Masud; Parton, Andrew; Hodgson, Timothy L.; Mort, Dominic; Rees, Geraint (2003). "Self-control during response conflict by human supplementary eye field". Nature Neuroscience. 6 (2): 117–118. doi:10.1038/nn1005. ISSN 1097-6256. PMID 12536212. S2CID 11770770.
  46. ^ Nachev, Parashkev; Rees, Geraint; Parton, Andrew; Kennard, Christopher; Husain, Masud (2005). "Volition and Conflict in Human Medial Frontal Cortex". Current Biology. 15 (2): 122–128. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.006. PMC 2648721. PMID 15668167.
  47. ^ Nachev, Parashkev; Wydell, Henrietta; O’Neill, Kevin; Husain, Masud; Kennard, Christopher (2007). "The role of the pre-supplementary motor area in the control of action". NeuroImage. 36 (3): T155–T163. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.034. PMC 2648723. PMID 17499162.
  48. ^ Sumner, Petroc; Nachev, Parashkev; Morris, Peter; Peters, Andrew M.; Jackson, Stephen R.; Kennard, Christopher; Husain, Masud (2007). "Human Medial Frontal Cortex Mediates Unconscious Inhibition of Voluntary Action". Neuron. 54 (5): 697–711. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.016. PMC 1890004. PMID 17553420.
  49. ^ Nachev, Parashkev; Kennard, Christopher; Husain, Masud (2009). "Cognition and the supplementary motor complex". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 10 (1): 78. doi:10.1038/nrn2478-c2. ISSN 1471-003X. S2CID 26352556.
  50. ^ "Prizes & Bursaries". www.the-bns.org. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  51. ^ "Investigator Awards". ean.org. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  52. ^ "Fellows of EAN". ean.org. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  53. ^ "Dementia – NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre". oxfordhealthbrc.nihr.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  54. ^ "Dementia Research Oxford — Oxford Neuroscience". www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
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