User:Noswall59/List of Permanent Secretaries in the Home Civil Service

The following is a list of Permanent Under-Secretaries (of State) in the United Kingdom's Civil Service.

Head of the Home Civil Service

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• 1919-1939: Sir Norman Fenwick Warren Fisher, KCB
• 1939-1942: Sir Horace John Wilson, GCB, GCMG, CBE
• 1942-1945: Sir Richard Valentine Nind Hopkins, GCB, PC
• 1945-1956: Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges, KG, GCB, GCVO, MC, PC, FRS
• 1956-1963: Norman Brook, 1st Baron Normanbrook, GCB, PC
• 1963-1968: Laurence Helsby, Baron Helsby, GCB, KBE
• 1968-1974: William Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Sanderstead, GCB, MVO, PC
• 1974-1978: Douglas Allen, Baron Croham, GCB
• 1978-1981: Ian Bancroft, Baron Bancroft, GCB
• 1981-1983: (jointly) Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster, GCB, CVO
• 1981-1983: (jointly) Sir Douglas William Gretton Wass, GCB
• 1983-1988: Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster, GCB, CVO
• 1988-1998: Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, KG, GCB, CVO, PC
• 1998-2002: Richard Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton, GCB
• 2002-2005: Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull, KCB, CVO
• 2005-2011: Gus O'Donnell, Baron O'Donnell, GCB, FBA
• 2012-2014: Bob Kerslake, Baron Kerslake
• 2014-2018: Jeremy Heywood, Baron Heywood of Whitehall, GCB, CVO
• 2018-present: Sir Mark Philip Sedwill, KCMG

Secretary to the Cabinet

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• 1916-1938: Maurice Pascal Alers Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, PC, FRS
• 1938-1946: Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges, KG, GCB, GCVO, MC, PC, FRS
• 1947-1962: Norman Brook, 1st Baron Normanbrook, GCB, PC
• 1963-1973: Burke Frederick St John Trend, Baron Trend, GCB, CVO, PC
• 1973-1979: John Joseph Benedict Hunt, Baron Hunt of Tanworth, GCB
• 1979: Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster, GCB, CVO
• 1988: Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, KG, GCB, CVO, PC
• 1998: Richard Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton, GCB

• 2002: Sir Richard Clive Mottram, GCB
• 2003: Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull, KCB, CVO
• 2005: Gus O'Donnell, Baron O'Donnell, GCB, FBA
• 2012: Jeremy Heywood, Baron Heywood of Whitehall, GCB, CVO

Cabinet Office

Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary

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• 1998-1999: Sir Robin Mountfield, KCB
• 1999-2000: Sir Brian Geoffrey Bender, KCB
• 2000-2002: Dame Mavis McDonald, DCB
• 2002-2005: Sir David Bruce Omand, GCB (Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary and Intelligence and Security Coordinator)
• 2005-2011: Gus O'Donnell, Baron O'Donnell, GCB, FBA (also Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Home Civil Service)
• 2012: Ian Charles Watmore
• 2012-2015: Sir Richard Nicholas Heaton, KCB
• 2015-present: John Alexander Manzoni

Second Permanent Secretary

Second Permanent Secretary (European Secretariat)

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Sir William Nield, previously permanent secretary at the Department of Economic Affairs, was appointed an "additional permanent secretary" in the Cabinet Office in 1969 primarily "to coordinate the advice given to Ministers on matters arising from the British application to the Common Market". He served until 1972. That year, John Hunt (later Lord Hunt) was appointed Second Permanent Secretary in the Cabinet Office "with responsibility for the coordination of economic policy, including the accession of Britain to the Common Market". He was succeeded in 1973 by Patrick Nairne, who was in turn succeeded by Roy Denman in 1975. Denman was technically appointed Head of the European Secretariat at the Cabinet Office with the grade of Second Permanent Secretary. After he left in 1977, his successor Sir Michael Franklin was given the grade of Deputy Secretary (he served until 1981).

• 1969-1972: Sir William Alan Nield, GCMG, KCB
• 1972-1973: John Joseph Benedict Hunt, Baron Hunt of Tanworth, GCB
• 1973-1975: Sir Patrick Dalmahoy Nairne, GCB, MC, PC
• 1975-1977: Sir George Roy Denman, KCB, CMG (Head of the European Secretariat)

Second Permanent Secretary (Constitution Unit)

In 1974, John Garlick was appointed Head of the Constitution Unit at the Cabinet Office, a new organisation established to address questions about devolution. By the end of 1977, The Times noted that Garlick (then about to become Permanent Secretary at the Department of the Environment) was unlikely to be replaced because most of the work on the Welsh and Scottish devolution bills had been carried out.

• 1974-1977: Sir John Garlick, KCB (Head of the Constitution Unit)

Second Permanent Secretary and Prime Minister's Adviser on Europe and Global Economic Issues

• 2007-2012: Sir Jonathan Stephen Cunliffe, CB

Second Permanent Secretary and Head of UK Governance Groups

• 2015-present: Philip John Rycroft, CB

Management and Personnel Office (Office of the Minister for the Civil Service)

After the dissolution of the Civil Service Department in 1981, the government established a Management and Personnel Office which incorporated the Ceremonial Branch. In 1982, the MPO was placed in the Cabinet Office. In 1988, it was renamed the Office of the Minister for the Civil Service, which was itself merged into the Office for Public Service and Science in 1992.

Second Permanent Secretary (Management and Personnel Office)

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Previously in Second Permanent Secretary, CSD.

• 1981-1983: Sir John Seton Cassels, CB
• 1983-1984: Peter le Cheminant, CB
• 1984-1987: Dame Anne Elisabeth Mueller, DCB

Office of the Minister for the Civil Service

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Second Permanent Secretary

• 1988-1992: Sir Edward Peter Kemp, KCB

Office for Public Service

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In 1992, civil science policy was moved from the Department of Education and Science into a new Office of Science and Technology; this was then merged with the Office of the Minister for the Civil Service into the Office for Public Service and Science, which was placed in the Cabinet Office. The OPSS also absorbed the Ceremonial Branch. In 1995, the science aspects of the OPSS were transferred to the DTI and the OPS continued until 1998 when its functions were "reintegrated" into the Cabinet Office.

Permanent Secretary, Office for Public Service and Science

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• 1992: Sir Edward Peter Kemp, KCB
• 1992-1995: Sir Richard Clive Mottram, GCB

Permanent Secretary, Office for Public Service

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• 1995-1998: Robin Mountfield, CB (later KCB)

Intelligence and Security

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Created on 1 August 2002, when the role took over the chairmanship of the Permanent Secretaries' Committee on Intelligence from the Cabinet Secretary. Renamed Permanent Secretary, Intelligence, Security and Resilience, Cabinet Office on 14 November 2005, on Mottram's appointment.

Cabinet Office Intelligence and Security Coordinator

• 2002-2005: Sir David Bruce Omand, GCB (and Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary)

Permanent Secretary, Intelligence, Security and Resilience, Cabinet Office

• 2005 (Apr.-Sep.): Sir William Alexander Jeffrey, KCB
• 2005-2007: Sir Richard Clive Mottram, GCB

First Civil Service Commissioner

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• 1855-1862: Sir Edward Ryan, PC, FRS, and Sir John George Shaw-Lefevre, KCB (jointly)
• 1862-1875: Sir Edward Ryan, PC, FRS
• 1875-1880: John Somerset Pakington, 1st Baron Hampton
• 1880-1888: George Byng, 3rd Earl of Strafford
• 1888-1892: Sir George Webbe Dasent and William John Courthope, CB, FBA (jointly)
• 1892-1907: William John Courthope, CB, FBA
• 1907-1909: Lord Francis Hervey
• 1910-1927: Sir Stanley Mordaunt Leathes, KCB
• 1928-1939: Sir Roderick Sinclair Meiklejohn, KBE, CB
• 1939-1951: Sir Alexander Percival Waterfield, KBE, CB
• 1951-1954: Sir Algernon Paul Sinker, KCMG, CB
• 1954-1959: Laurence Norman Helsby, Baron Helsby, GCB, KBE
• 1959-1964: Sir Howard George Charles Mallaby, OBE
• 1964-1967: Sir George Edmond Brackenbury Abell, KCIE, OBE
• 1968-1971: John Hunt, Baron Hunt of Tanworth, GCB
• 1971-1973: Sir Kenneth Henry Clucas, KCB
• 1974-1981: Fergus Hamilton Allen, CB
• 1981-1983: Sir Angus McKay Fraser, KCB, TD
• 1983-1989: Dennis John Trevelyan, CB
• 1989-1993: John Hepworth Holroyd, CB, CVO
• 1993-1995: Dame Ann Elizabeth Bowtell, DCB
• 1995-2000: Sir Michael Bett, CBE
• 2000-2005: Usha Kumari Prashar, Baroness Prashar, CBE, PC
• 2006-2010: Dame Janet Paraskeva, DBE, PC
• 2011-2016: Sir David John Normington, GCB
• 2016-present: Ian Charles Watmore

Admiralty

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Formed in 1709. The permanent official was titled Second Secretary from 1746. Merged into the Ministry of Defence in 1964.

• 1804-1806: Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet, FRS
• 1806: Benjamin Tucker
• 1807-1845: Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet, FRS
• 1845-1855: Admiral William Alexander Baillie-Hamilton
• 1855-1857: Thomas Phinn
• 1857-1869: William Govett Romaine, CB
• 1869-1877: Vernon Lushington, KC
• Office abolished in 1877 and duties merged into office of Naval Secretary (Vice-Admiral Robert Hall since 1872).
• Office re-established in 1882; Hall resigned and Hamilton was appointed to the office, but was almost immediately seconded to Ireland. He eventually chose to make his Irish posting permanent in May 1883.
• 1882-1883: Sir Robert George Crookshank Hamilton, KCB (left for Ireland in May 1882)
• 1882 (May-June): Vice-Admiral Robert Hall (acting in Hamilton's absence in Ireland; died June 1882)
• 1882-1884: Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon, KCB (acting for Hamilton from May 1882 until May 1883)
• 1884-1907: Sir Evan MacGregor, GCB, ISO
• 1907-1911: Sir Charles Inigo Thomas, GCB
• 1911-1917: Sir William Graham Greene, KCB
• 1917-1936: Sir Oswyn Alexander Ruthven Murray, GCB
• 1936-1940: Sir Richard Henry Archibald Carter, GCMG, KCB, KCIE
• 1940-1946: Sir Henry Vaughan Markham, KCB, MC
• 1947-1961: Sir John Gerald Lang, GCB
• 1961-1964: Sir Clifford George Jarrett, KBE, CB

Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (MAFF)

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Board of Agriculture formed in 1889, renamed Agriculture and Fisheries in 1903; formed into Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries in 1919, and formed into Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries in 1955. Replaced by the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in 2001.

Permanent Secretary

Board of Agriculture (1892–1903)

• 1889-1892: Sir George Archibald Leach, KCB
• 1892–1903: Sir Thomas Henry Elliott, 1st Baronet, KCB

Board of Agriculture and Fisheries (1903–19)

• 1903–1913: Sir Thomas Henry Elliott, 1st Baronet, KCB
• 1913–1917: Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier, KCMG, CB, PC
• 1917–1919: Sir Alfred Daniel Hall, KCB, FRS

Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (1919–55)

• 1920–1927: Sir Francis Lewis Castle Floud, KCB, KCSI, KCMG
• 1927–1936: Sir Charles John Howell Thomas, KCB, KCMG
• 1936–1945: Sir John Donald Balfour Fergusson, GCB
• 1945–1952: Sir Donald Edward Vandepeer, KCB, KBE
• 1952–1955: Sir Edwin Alan Hitchman, KCB

Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (1955–2001)

• 1955–1959: Sir Edwin Alan Hitchman, KCB
• 1959–1967: Sir Alfred John Digby Winnifrith, KCB
• 1968–1972: Sir Basil Charles Engholm, KCB
• 1973–1978: Sir Alan Derrett Neale, KCB, MBE
• 1978–1983: Sir Brian David Hayes, GCB
• 1983–1987: Sir Michael David Milroy Franklin, KCB, CMG
• 1987–1993: Sir Derek Henry Andrews, KCB, CBE
• 1993–2000: Sir Richard John Packer, KCB
• 2000–2001: Brian Geoffrey Bender, CB (later KCB)

Second Permanent Secretary

• 1973-1978: Sir Frederick Matthias Kearns, KCB, MC

Air Ministry

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Formed in 1917. Merged into the Ministry of Defence in 1964.

• 1917-1920: Sir William Arthur Robinson, GCB, GBE
• 1920-1930: Sir Walter Frederic Nicholson, KCB
• 1931-1936: Sir Christopher Bullock, KCB, CBE
• 1936-1938: Sir Donald Banks, KCB, DSO, MC, TD
• 1939-1945: Sir Arthur William Street, GCB, KBE, CMG, CIE, MC
• 1945-1947: Sir William Barrowclough Brown, KCB, KCMG, CBE
• 1947-1955: Sir James Horace Barnes, KCB, KBE
• 1955-1963: Sir Maurice Joseph Dean, KCB, KCMG
• 1963-1964: Sir Martin Teall Flett, KCB

Ministry of Aircraft Production

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Formed in 1940 to deal with aircraft production during the war. Absorbed into the Ministry of Supply in 1946. The senior civil servant was titled Director-General of Aircraft Production.

• 1940-1943: Sir Archibald Rowlands, GCB, MBE
• 1943-1945: Sir Harold Richard Scott, GCVO, KCB, KBE
• 1945: Sir Frank Newton Tribe, KCB, KBE

Ministry of Aviation

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Formed from the Ministry of Supply in 1959, taking on civil aviation functions from the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation. Merged into the Ministry of Technology in 1967.

• 1959-1960: Sir William Strath, KCB
• 1961-1963: Sir Henry Hardman, KCB
• 1963-1966: Sir Richard George Kitchener Way, KCB, CBE
• 1966: Sir Richard William Barnes Clarke, KCB, OBE
• 1966-1967: Sir Ronald Henry Melville, KCB

Ministry of Aviation Supply

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Briefly spun out of Ministry of Technology in 1970, but merged into DTI and MoD in 1971.

• 1970-1971: Sir Ronald Henry Melville, KCB

Department for Business, Energy and Industry Strategy (DBEIS)

Formed by merger of the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (DBIS) in 2016.

• 2016: Sir Martin Eugene Donnelly, KCB, CMG (jointly with Chisholm)
• 2016-present: Alex Chisholm (jointly with Donnelly, 2016)

Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (DBERR)

Created when the Department of Trade and Industry was disbanded in 2007; functions related to energy moved to Department of Energy and Climate Change in 2008. Merged into the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills in 2009.

• 2007-2009: Sir Brian Geoffrey Bender, KCB
• 2009: Sir Simon James Fraser, GCMG

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (DBIS)

Formed by the merger of the Department of Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) and the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR) in 2009. Merged into the Department for Business, Energy and Industry Strategy in 2016.

• 2009-2010: Simon James Fraser, GCMG
• 2010-2016: Martin Eugene Donnelly, KCB, CMG

Burma Office

Established in 1937, merged into CRO in 1947. Shared Permanent Secretary with India Office.

Central Policy Review Staff

Director-General

• 1970-1974: Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild, GBE, GM, FRS
• 1974-1980: Sir Kenneth Berrill, GBE, KCB
• 1980-1982: Sir John Robin Ibbs, KBE
• 1982-1983: Sir John Sparrow

Chief Scientific Adviser

Chief Scientific Adviser, Cabinet Office

• 1964–1971: Solomon "Solly" Zuckerman, Baron Zuckerman, OM, KCB, FRS
• 1971–1974: Sir Alan Howard Cottrell, FRS
• 1974–1976: Dr Robert Press, CB, CBE (did not assume title; was formally Deputy Secretary, Science and Technology, Cabinet Office)
• 1977–1981: Sir John Ashworth (appointed Chief Scientist, Central Policy Review Staff, and Under-Secretary, Cabinet Office)
• 1982–1985: Sir Robin Buchanan Nicholson, FRS
• 1986–1990: Sir John Whitaker Fairclough
• 1990–1995: Sir William Duncan Paterson Stewart, FRS
• 1995–2000: Sir Robert McCredie May, Baron May of Oxford, OM, AC, FRS

• 2000–2008: Sir David Anthony King, FRS
• 2008–2013: Sir John Rex Beddington, CMG, FRS
• 2013–2017: Sir Mark Jeremy Walport, FRS, FRSE
• 2017–2018: Prof Christopher John Macrae Whitty, CB (interim)
• 2018–present: Sir Patrick John Thompson Vallance, FRS

Ministry of Civil Aviation

Director-General

• 1941-1946: Sir William Percival Hildred, CB, OBE
• 1946-1947: Sir Albert Henry Self, KCB, KCMG, KBE
• 1947-1953: Sir Arnold Overton, KCB, KCMG, MC

Civil Service Department

All Permanent Secretaries of the CSD were also Heads of the Home Civil Service. The CSD was abolished 1981.

Permanent Secretary

• 1968-1974: William Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Sanderstead, GCB, MVO, PC
• 1974-1978: Douglas Albert Vivian Allen, Baron Croham, GCB
• 1978-1981: Ian Powell Bancroft, Baron Bancroft, GCB

Second Permanent Secretary

• 1968-1969: Sir Louis Petch, KCB
• 1969-1970: Sir Philip Rogers, GCB, CMG
• 1970-1971: Sir David Bruce Pitblado, KCB, CVO
• 1971-1973: Vacant.
• 1973-1975: Ian Powell Bancroft, Baron Bancroft, GCB
• 1975-1981: Sir John Edward Herbecq, KCB

Colonial Office

Merged into Commonwealth Office in 1966. The permanent secretaryship was established in 1825.

Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies

• 1825-1836: Robert William Hay
• 1836-1848: Sir James Stephen, KCB, PC
• 1848-1859: Herman Merivale, CB
• 1860-1871: Frederic Rogers, 1st Baron Blachford, GCMG, PC
• 1871-1892: Sir Robert George Wyndham Herbert, GCB
• 1892-1897: Sir Robert Henry Meade, GCB
• 1897-1900: Sir Edward Wingfield, KCB
• 1900-1907: Captain Sir Montagu Frederick Ommanney, GCMG, KCB, ISO
• 1907-1911: Francis John Stephens Hopwood, 1st Baron Southborough, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, KCSI, PC
• 1911-1916: Sir John Anderson, GCMG, KCB
• 1916-1921: Sir George Vandeleur Fiddes, GCMG, KCB
• 1921-1924: Sir James Edward Masterton-Smith, KCB
• 1925-1933: Brigadier Sir Samuel Herbert Wilson, GCMG, KCB, KBE
• 1933-1937: John Loader Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby, GCMG, KCB, KCVO, CSI, CIE
• 1937-1940: Sir Arthur Charles Cosmo Parkinson, GCMG, KCB, OBE
• 1940 (Feb.-May): Sir George Henry Gater, GCMG, KCB, DSO
• 1940-1942: Sir Arthur Charles Cosmo Parkinson, GCMG, KCB, OBE (acting while Gater was loaned to the Ministry of Supply)
• 1942-1947: Sir George Henry Gater, GCMG, KCB, DSO
• 1947-1956: Sir Thomas Ingram Kynaston Lloyd, GCMG, KCB
• 1956-1959: Sir John Stuart Macpherson, GCMG
• 1959-1966: Sir Arthur Hilton Poynton, GCMG

Commonwealth Office

Formed out of the Commonwealth Relations Office and the Colonial Office in 1966. Merged into the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1968.

• 1966-1968: Joseph John Saville Garner, Baron Garner, GCMG (formerly Permanent-Secretary at the CRO).
• 1968 (Mar.-Oct.): John Morrice Cairns James, Baron Saint Brides, GCMG, CVO, MBE, PC

Commonwealth Relations Office

Formed out of the merger of the Burma Office, Dominions Office and the India Office in 1947. Merged into the Commonwealth Office in 1966.

The first two permanent secretaries, Machtig and Carter held the office jointly, with their portfolios reflecting the Dominions Office and India Office workloads they were accustomed to. However, Machtig retired at the end of 1948 and Archer went to chair the Monopolies Commission in 1949, after which the CRO was placed under the command of one permanent secretary.

• 1947-1948: Sir Eric Gustav Machtig, GCMG, KCB, OBE (previously Permanent Secretary at the Dominions Office)
• 1947-1949: Sir Richard Henry Archibald Carter, GCMG, KCB, KCIE (previously Permanent Secretary at the India Office)
• 1949-1955: Sir Percivale Liesching, GCMG, KCB, KCVO
• 1955-1959: Sir John Gilbert Laithwaite, GCMG, KCB, KCIE, CSI
• 1959-1961: Sir Peter Alexander Clutterbuck, GCMG, MC
• 1962-1966: Joseph John Saville Garner, Baron Garner, GCMG

Department for Communities and Local Government

Formed out of the Office for the Deputy Prime Minister in 2005. Renamed Ministry for Housing and Local Government (which see) in 2018.

• 2005-2010: Sir Peter James Housden, KCB
• 2010-2015: Robert Walter Kerslake, Baron Kerslake (also Head of the Home Civil Service from 2012 to 2014)
• 2015-2018: Melanie Henrietta Dawes, CB

Control Office for Austria and Germany

Also called Control Commission, Austria and Germany

• 1945-1946: Sir Arthur William Street, GCB, KBE, CMG, CIE, MC
• 1946-1947: Sir Thomas Gilmour Jenkins, KCB, KBE, MC

If there were others, I have found no trace of them.

Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport

Formed from Department of National Heritage in 1997. Renamed to include "Digital" in 2018.

• 1997: Sir Gerald Hayden Phillips, GCB, DL (formerly Permanent Secretary, DNH)
• 1998-2001: Sir Robin Urquhart Young, KCB
• 2001-2006: Dame Susan Ruth Street, DCB
• 2006-2013: Sir Jonathan Andrew de Sievrac Stephens, KCB
• 2013-present: Dame Susan Jane Owen, DCB

Board of Customs and Excise

Chairman, HM Customs (until 1909; of the United Kingdom from 1823)

• 1788-1805: Thomas Boone
• 1788-1797: William Hey
• 1797-1813: Richard Frewin
• 1805-1819: William Roe
• 1813-1819: Francis Fownes Luttrell (jointly)
• 1819-1846: Richard Betenson Dean
• 1846-1873: Thomas Francis Fremantle, 1st Baron Cottesloe, PC
• 1873-1878: Frederick Goulburn
• 1878-1889: Sir Charles Du Cane
• 1890-1894: Sir Herbert Harley Murray, KCB
• 1894-1895: Sir Robert George Crookshank Hamilton, KCB
• 1895-1899: Sir Henry William Primrose, KCB, CSI, ISO, PC
• 1900-1903: Sir George Lisle Ryder, KCB
• 1903-1908: Sir Thomas John Pittar, KCB, CMG
• 1908-1909: Sir Laurence Nunns Guillemard, GCMG, KCB

Chairman, Board of Customs and Excise

• 1909-1919: Sir Laurence Nunns Guillemard, GCMG, KCB
• 1919-1927: Sir Horace Hamilton, GCB
• 1927-1930: Sir Francis Lewis Castle Floud, KCB, KCSI, KCMG
• 1930: Sir Percy James Grigg, KCB, KCSI, PC
• 1930-1934: Sir Edward Rodolph Forber, KCB, CBE
• 1934-1940: Sir George Evelyn Pemberton Murray, KCB
• 1941-1942: Sir Crawfurd Wilfred Griffin Eady, GCMG, KCB, KBE
• 1942-1947: Sir Richard Henry Archibald Carter, GCMG, KCB, KCIE
• 1947-1955: Sir William Dawson Croft, KCB, KBE, CIE, CVO
• 1955-1962: Sir James Ian Cormack Crombie, KCB, KBE, CMG
• 1963-1965: Sir John Anderson, KBE, CB
• 1965-1969: Sir William Wilfred Morton, KCB
• 1969-1973: Sir Louis Petch, KCB
• 1973-1977: Sir Ronald Walter Radford, KCB, MBE
• 1978-1983: Sir Douglas Arthur Lovelock, KCB
• 1983-1987: Sir Angus McKay Fraser, KCB, TD
• 1987-1993: Sir James Brian Unwin, KCB
• 1993-2000: Dame Valerie Patricia Marie Strachan, DCB

Ministry of Defence (MoD)

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Prior to 1939, the Secretary of State for War, the First Lord of the Admiralty and the Secretary of State for Air sat in the Cabinet; defence was coordinated by the Committee for Imperial Defence with the Minister for Co-ordination of Defence established in 1936 to oversee it. In 1940, Churchill abolished the minister's office (there was no department or ministry) and removed the secretaryships from the cabinet and made himself Minister of Defence to coordinate the whole war effort. After the war ended, they were briefly allowed to return to cabinet although the Prime Minister remained Minister of Defence. At the end of 1946, they were removed from the cabinet again and a Ministry of Defence was established in the new year to coordinate the separate forces. In 1964, the Admiralty, War Office and Air Ministry were merged into the modern Ministry of Defence.

Permanent Secretary

• 1947-1948: Sir Henry Wilson Smith, KCB, KBE
• 1948-1956: Sir Harold Parker, KCB, KBE, MC
• 1956-1959: Sir Richard Royle Powell, GCB, KBE, CMG
• 1960-1961: Sir Edward Wilder Playfair, KCB
• 1961-1963: Sir Robert Heatlie Scott, GCMG, CBE
• 1963-1966: Sir Henry Hardman, KCB
• 1966-1974: Sir Ludovic James Dunnett, GCB, CMG
• 1974-1976: Sir Arthur Lucius Michael Cary, GCB
• 1976-1982: Sir Frank Cooper, GCB, CMG, PC
• 1983-1988: Sir Clive Anthony Whitmore, GCB, CVO
• 1988-1992: Sir Michael Edward Quinlan, GCB
• 1992-1995: Sir Christopher Walter France, GCB
• 1995-1998: Sir Richard Clive Mottram, GCB
• 1998-2005: Sir Kevin Reginald Tebbit, KCB, CMG
• 2005-2010: Sir William Alexander Jeffrey, KCB
• 2010-2012: Dame Ursula Mary Brennan, DCB
• 2012-2016: Sir Jonathan Michael Thompson, KCB
• 2016-2021: Sir Stephen Augustus Lovegrove, KCB
• 2021-present: David Williams, CB

Second Permanent Secretary

Second Permanent Secretary

• 1963-1966: Sir Ronald Henry Melville, KCB
• 1976-1982: Sir Arthur Patrick Hockaday, KCB, CMG
• 1982-1984: Sir Ewen Broadbent, KCB, CMG
• 1984-1988: Sir John Niall Henderson Blelloch, KCB
• 1988-1990: Sir Kenneth Carmichael Macdonald, KCB
• 1990-1996: Sir James Moray Stewart, KCB
• 1996-2002: Sir Roger Tustin Jackling, KCB, CBE
• 2002-2008: Sir Ian Charles Franklin Andrews, CBE
• 2008-2010: Dame Ursula Mary Brennan, DCB
• 2011-2012: Sir Jonathan Stephen Day, CBE

Second Permanent Secretary (Royal Navy)

• 1964-1968: Sir Arthur Lucius Michael Cary, GCB

Second Permanent Secretary (Army)

• 1964-1968: Sir Arthur Charles Walter Drew, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary (Royal Air Force)

• 1964-1968: Sir Martin Teall Flett, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary (Administration)

• 1968-1972: Sir Arthur Charles Walter Drew, KCB
• 1972-1975: Sir John Martindale Wilson, KCB
• 1975-1976: Sir William Geraghty, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary (Equipment)

• 1968-1971: Sir Martin Teall Flett, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary and Military Assistant to the Vice-Chief of Staff

• 2010-2012: Major-General Matthew John Holmes, CBE, DSO

Chief Executive (Permanent Secretary), Procurement Executive

• 1971-1972: Derek Rayner, Baron Rayner
• 1972-1974: Sir Arthur Lucius Michael Cary, GCB
• 1974-1975: Sir George Leitch, KCB, OBE
• 1975-1980: Sir Edward Clifford Cornford, KCB
• 1980-1982: Sir David Cardwell, KCB
• 1982-1983: Air Chief Marshal Sir Douglas Charles Lowe, GCB, DFC, AFC
• 1983-1985: Sir David Howard Perry, KCB
• 1985-1991: Peter Levene, Baron Levene of Portsoken, KBE
• 1991-1996: Sir Malcolm Kenneth McIntosh, AC, KBE
• 1996-2003: Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Walmsley, KCB
• 2003-2007: Vice Admiral Sir Peter Spencer, KCB

Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM)

Took on local government functions from the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions in 2001. Succeeded by Department for Communities and Local Government in 2006.

• 2002-2005: Dame Mavis McDonald, DCB
• 2005-2006: Sir Peter James Housden, KCB

Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS)

Formed in 1992 as the Department of National Heritage to combining the functions of the former Ministers for the Arts and for Sport. Formerly Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 1997-2017.

• 2013-present: Dame Susan Jane Owen, DCB

Dominions Office

Formed out of the Colonial Office in 1925. Merged into the Commonwealth Relations Office in 1947.

• 1925-1930: Sir Charles Thomas Davis, GCMG
• 1930-1940: Sir Edward John Harding, GCMG, KCB
• 1940: Sir Arthur Charles Cosmo Parkinson, GCMG, KCB, OBE (acting)
• 1940-1947: Sir Eric Gustav Machtig, GCMG, KCB, OBE

Department of Economic Affairs (1947, 1950, 1951-1952, 1964-1969)

Permanent Secretary

• 1964-1966: Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden, KCMG, CB
• 1966-1968: Douglas Allen, Baron Croham, GCB
• 1968-1969: Sir William Alan Nield, GCMG, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary

• 1966: Douglas Allen, Baron Croham, GCB

Ministry of Economic Warfare (1939-1945)

• 1939 Sir Frederick William Leith-Ross
• 1940: Sir Frederick William Leith-Ross and Henry Moore, 10th Earl of Drogheda, KCMG
• 1942-1945: Henry Moore, 10th Earl of Drogheda, KCMG

Department for Education (2010-present; and predecessor departments from 1839)

Previously Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF), 2007-2010; Department for Education and Skills (DfES), 2001-2007; Department for Education and Employment (DfEE), 1995-2001; Department for Education, 1992-1995; Department for Education and Science (DES), 1964-1992; Ministry of Education, 1944-1964; Board of Education, 1899-1944; Education Department, 1856-1899; Committee of the Privy Council on Education, 1839-1899. The DES was formed in 1964 when the Ministry of Education and office of the Minister of Science merged. Responsibility for science was transferred to the Cabinet Office of Public Service and the Department of Trade and Industry's Office of Science and Technology in 1992. It merged with the Department of Employment in 1995, but this was spun out to the new Department for Work and Pensions in 2001.

Secretary to the Committee of the Privy Council on Education

• 1839-1849: Sir James Phillips Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baronet
• 1849-1869: Ralph Lingen, 1st Baron Lingen, KCB
• 1870-1884: Francis Sandford, 1st Baron Sandford, KCB, PC
• 1884-1890: Patrick Cumin
• 1890-1899: Sir George William Kekewich, KCB

Permanent Secretary

Board of Education

• 1899-1902: Sir George William Kekewich, KCB
• 1903-1911: Sir Robert Laurie Morant, KCB
• 1911-1925: Sir Lewis Amherst Selby-Bigge, 1st Baronet, KCB
• 1925-1931: Sir Aubrey Vere Symonds, KCB
• 1931-1937: Sir Edward Henry Pelham, KCB
• 1937-1945: Sir Maurice Gerald Holmes, GBE, KCB

Ministry of Education

• 1945-1952: John Redcliffe-Maud, Baron Redcliffe-Maud, GCB, CBE
• 1952-1959: Sir Gilbert Nicholson Flemming, KCB
• 1959-1963: Dame Mary Guillan Smieton, DCB
• 1963-1964: Sir George Herbert Andrew, KCMG, CB

As Department for Education and Science

• 1964-1970: Sir George Herbert Andrew, KCMG, CB
• 1964: Sir Maurice Joseph Dean, KCB, KCMG (jointly)
• 1964-1965: Sir Bruce Donald Fraser, KCB (jointly)
• 1970-1976: Sir William Dennis Pile, GCB, MBE
• 1976-1983: Sir James Arnot Hamilton, KCB, MBE
• 1983-1989: Sir David John Stowell Hancock, KCB
• 1989-1992: Sir John Caines, KCB

As Department for Education

• 1992-1993: Sir John Caines, KCB
• 1993-1994: Sir Geoffrey Holland, KCB
• 1994-1995: Sir Timothy Patrick Lankester, KCB

As Department for Education and Employment

• 1995-2001: Michael Bichard, Baron Bichard, KCB
• 2001-2005: Sir David John Normington, GCB

As Department for Education and Skills

• 2006-2007: Sir David Robert Bell, KCB

As Department for Children, Schools and Families

• 2007-2010: Sir David Robert Bell, KCB

As Department for Education

• 2010-2011: Sir David Robert Bell, KCB
• 2012-2016: Sir Christopher Wormald, KCB
• 2016-present: Jonathan Slater

Permanent Secretary, Welsh Department (created in 1907)

• 1907-1925: Sir Alfred Thomas Davies, KBE, CB, JP, DL
• 1925-1933: Sir Percy Emerson Watkins, Kt
• 1933-1945: Sir Wynn Powell Wheldon, KBE, Kt, DSO
• 1945-1963: Sir Ben Bowen Thomas, Kt
• 1963-1964: Elwyn Davies (Secretary for Welsh Education, DES, 1964-69; succeeded by Leslie Jones, JP, from 1 Jan 1970, served till 1977)

Department for Employment

Formed as the Ministry of Labour in 1916, when it took over functions relating to the labour market from the Board of Trade. Renamed the Ministry of Labour and National Service in 1940; renamed back to the Ministry of Labour in 1959, then the Department of Employment and Productivity in 1968, and finally the Department for Employment in 1970. Merged in the Department for Education in 1995.

Permanent Secretary

As Ministry of Labour

• 1916-1921: Sir David James Shackleton, KCB
• 1920-1921: Sir James Edward Masterton-Smith, KCB
• 1921-1930: Sir Horace John Wilson, GCB, GCMG, CBE
• 1930-1934: Sir Francis Lewis Castle Floud, KCB, KCSI, KCMG
• 1935-1940: Sir Thomas Williams Phillips, GBE, KCB

As Ministry of Labour and National Service

• 1940-1944: Sir Thomas Williams Phillips, GBE, KCB
• 1944-1956: Sir Godfrey Herbert Ince, GCB, KBE
• 1956-1959: Sir Harold Corti Emmerson, GCB, KCVO

As Ministry of Labour

• 1959-1962: Laurence Helsby, Baron Helsby, GCB, KBE
• 1962-1966: Sir Ludovic James Dunnett, GCB, CMG
• 1966-1968: Sir Denis Charles Barnes, KCB

As Department of Employment and Productivity

• 1968-1970: Sir Denis Charles Barnes, KCB

As Department for Employment

• 1970-1973: Sir Denis Charles Barnes, KCB
• 1973-1976: Sir Conrad Frederick Heron, KCB, OBE
• 1976-1982: Sir Kenneth Barnes, KCB
• 1983-1988: Sir Michael Edward Quinlan, GCB
• 1988-1993: Sir Geoffrey Holland, KCB
• 1993-1995: Sir Nicholas Jeremy Monck, KCB (as Permanent Secretary, Employment Department Group)
• 1995: Michael George Bichard (later Sir, KCB, later still Baron Bichard)

Second Permanent Secretary

• 1973: Sir Conrad Frederick Heron, KCB, OBE
• 1986-1988: Sir Geoffrey Holland, KCB
• 1992-1995: John David Rimington, CB (also Chief Executive, HSA, 1983-95.

Department of Energy

• 1974-1980: Sir Jack Leslie Rampton, KCB
• 1980-1982: Sir Donald James Dundas Maitland, GCMG, OBE
• 1983-1985: Sir Kenneth Edward Couzens, KCB
• 1985-1989: Sir Peter Lewis Gregson, GCB
• 1989-1991: Sir Geoffrey Howes Chipperfield, KCB
• 1991-1992: Sir John Ralph Sidney Guinness, CB

Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC)

Formed in 2008 and took over functions related to energy from the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (DBERR), and those relating to climate change from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Merged in the Department for Business, Energy and Industry Strategy in 2016.

• 2008-2012: Moira Paul Wallace, OBE
• 2013-2016: Stephen Augustus Lovegrove, CB
• 2016: Alex Chisholm

Department of the Environment

Formed out the merger of the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, the Ministry of Transport, and the Ministry of Public Building and Works in 1970. Transport functions transferred to the Department of Transport in 1976. Merged into the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions in 1997.

Permanent Secretary

• 1970-1972: Sir David Radford Serpell, KCB, CMG, OBE
• 1972-1975: Sir James Duncan Jones, KCB
• 1975-1977: Ian Powell Bancroft, Baron Bancroft, GCB
• 1978-1981: Sir John Garlick, KCB
• 1981-1985: Sir George Walker Moseley, KCB
• 1985-1992: Sir Terence Michael Heiser, GCB
• 1992-1994: Richard Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton, GCB
• 1994-1997: Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull, KCB, CVO

Second Permanent Secretary

Second Permanent Secretary and Chief Executive, Property Services Agency

• 1972-1974: John Cuckney, Baron Cuckney
• 1974-1981: Sir William Robert Cox, KCB
• 1982-1984: Arnold Montague Alfred
• 1984-1990: Sir Andrew Gordon Manzie, KCB
• 1990-1991: Sir Austen Patrick Brown, KCB
• 1991-1993: Sir Geoffrey Howes Chipperfield, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary

Strand 1

• 1971-1976: Sir Idwal Vaughan Pugh, KCB
• 1976: Sir Peter Robert Baldwin, KCB

Strand 2

• 1973-1978: Sir Robert Braithwaite Marshall, KCB, MBE
• 1978-1980: Sir Geoffrey Charles Wardale, KCB
• 1980-1981: Sir George Walker Moseley, KCB
• 1981-1986: Sir Peter John Harrop, KCB

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)

Created by merger of the MAFF with the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions in 2001.

• 2001-2005: Sir Brian Geoffrey Bender, KCB
• 2005-2010: Dame Helen Frances Ghosh, DCB
• 2011-2015: Bronwyn Hill, CBE
• 2015-present: Clare Mary Moriarty, CB

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR)

Created by merger of the Department of the Environment and the Department of Transport in 1997. Separated into DEFRA and the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions in 2001.

• 1997-1998: Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull, KCB, CVO
• 1998-2002: Sir Richard Clive Mottram, GCB

Department for Exiting the European Union

Formed in 2016.

Permanent Secretary

• 2016-2017: Oliver Robbins, CB
• 2017-present: Philip John Rycroft, CB

Second Permanent Secretary

• 2017: Philip John Rycroft, CB

Ministry of Food (1916-1921, 1939-1958)

Director-General (1916-1921)

• 1918-1919: Sir Charles William Fielding, KBE
• 1919-1921: Frank Herbert Coller, CB

Director-General (1939-1958)

• 1939-1945: Sir Henry Leon French, GBE, KCB
• 1945-1946: Sir Frank Newton Tribe, KCB, KBE
• 1946-1948: Sir Percivale Liesching, GCMG, KCB, KCVO
• 1949-1951: Sir Frank Godbould Lee, GCMG, KCB
• 1951-1955: Sir Henry Drummond Hancock, GCB, KBE, CMG

Foreign Office

Established in 1782, merged into the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1968.

Permanent Secretary

• 1817-1827: Sir Joseph Planta, GCH
• 1827-1827: John Backhouse
• 1842-1854: Henry Unwin Addington
• 1854-1873: Edmund Hammond, 1st Baron Hammond, PC
• 1873-1882: Charles Stuart Aubrey Abbott, 3rd Baron Tenterden, KCB
• 1882-1889: Julian Pauncefote, 1st Baron Pauncefote, GCB, GCMG, PC
• 1889-1894: Philip Henry Wodehouse Currie, 1st Baron Currie, GCB, PC
• 1894-1906: Thomas Henry Sanderson, 1st Baron Sanderson, GCB, KCMG, ISO
• 1906-1910: Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, KG, GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO, ISO, PC, DL
• 1910-1916: Arthur Nicolson, 1st Baron Carnock, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, KCIE, PC
• 1916-1920: Lord Hardinge of Penshurst (second term)
• 1920-1925: Sir Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe, GCB, GCMG
• 1925-1928: William Tyrrell, 1st Baron Tyrrell, GCB, GCMG, KCVO, PC
• 1928-1930: Sir Ronald Charles Lindsay, GCB, KCMG, CVO, PC
• 1930-1938: Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart, GCB, GCMG, MVO, PC
• 1938-1946: Sir Alexander Montagu George Cadogan, OM, GCMG, KCB
• 1946-1949: Sir Harold Orme Garton Sargent, GCMG, KCB
• 1949-1953: William Strang, 1st Baron Strang, GCB, GCMG, MBE
• 1953-1957: Sir Ivone Augustine Kirkpatrick, GCB, GCMG
• 1957-1962: Frederick Millar, 1st Baron Inchyra, GCMG, CVO
• 1962-1965: Harold Caccia, Baron Caccia, GCMG, GCVO
• 1965-1968: Paul Gore-Booth, Baron Gore-Booth, GCMG, KCVO

Permanent Secretary, German Section

• 1947-1949: William Strang, 1st Baron Strang, GCB, GCMG, MBE
• 1949-1950: Sir Ivone Augustine Kirkpatrick, GCB, GCMG
• 1950-1951: Sir Donald Gainer, GBE, KCMG, OBE

Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO)

Formed by merger of FO with CO in 1968.

• 1969-1973: Denis Greenhill, Baron Greenhill of Harrow, GCMG, OBE
• 1973-1975: Thomas Brimelow, Baron Brimelow, GCMG, OBE
• 1975-1982: Sir Arthur Michael Palliser, GCMG, PC
• 1982-1986: Sir Antony Arthur Acland, KG, GCMG, GCVO
• 1986-1991: Patrick Wright, Baron Wright of Richmond, GCMG
• 1991-1994: David Gillmore, Baron Gillmore of Thamesfield, GCMG
• 1994-1997: Sir Arthur John Coles, GCMG
• 1997-2002: John Kerr, Baron Kerr of Kinlochard, GCMG
• 2002-2006: Michael Jay, Baron Jay of Ewelme, GCMG
• 2006-2010: Peter Ricketts, Baron Ricketts, GCMG, GCVO
• 2010-2015: Sir Simon James Fraser, GCMG
• 2015-present: Sir Simon Gerard McDonald, KCMG, KCVO

Forestry Commission

Chairman

• 1920-1927: Brigadier Simon Fraser, 14th Lord Lovat, KT, GCVO, KCMG, CB, DSO
• 1927-1929: Charles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton, GCVO, PC
• 1929-1932: Sir John Maxwell Stirling-Maxwell, 10th Baronet, KT, FRSE, DL
• 1932-1952: Roy Robinson, 1st Baron Robinson, OBE
• 1953-1963: William Pleydell-Bouverie, 7th Earl of Radnor, KG, KCVO
• 1964-1965: Geoffrey Waldegrave, 12th Earl Waldegrave, KG, GCVO, TD
• 1965-1970: Leslie Augustus Westover Jenkins, CBE
• 1970-1976: Thomas Taylor, Baron Taylor of Gryfe, FRSE, DL
• 1976-1979: John Mackie, Baron John-Mackie
• 1979-1989: Sir Basil Henry David Montgomery, 9th Baronet, CVO
• 1989-1994: Sir John Raymond Johnstone, CBE
• 1994-2001: Sir Peter Craft Hutchison, 2nd Baronet, CBE, FRSE
• 2001-2009: David Clark, Baron Clark of Windermere, LVO
• 2010-2012: Pamela Janice Warhurst, CBE
• 2014-present: Sir Henry William Studholme, 3rd Baronet, DL (acting 2013-2014)

Deputy Chairman

• 1929-1932: Roy Robinson, 1st Baron Robinson, OBE (Vice-Chairman)
• Vacant?
• 1951-1953: William Pleydell-Bouverie, 7th Earl of Radnor, KG, KCVO
• Vacant?
• 1962-1964: Geoffrey Waldegrave, 12th Earl Waldegrave, KG, GCVO, TD
• 1965-1968: Sir Henry Beresford-Peirse, 5th Baronet, CB (also Director-General since 1962)
• Thereafter office held jointly with Director-General (see below)

Director-General

The Forestry Act 1945 established the posts of Director-General and Deputy Director-General; it also replaced the two assistant commissioners with three director-level positions (for England, Scotland and Wales) plus a fourth director for education and research.

• 1945-1947: Roy Robinson, 1st Baron Robinson, OBE (also Chairman)
• 1947-1948: Sir William Ling Taylor, CBE
• 1948-1962: Sir Arthur Hulin Gosling, KBE, CB, FRSE, FRICS
• 1962-1968: Sir Henry Beresford-Peirse, 5th Baronet, CB (also Deputy Chairman from 1965)
• Thereafter office held jointly with Deputy Chairman (see below)

Director-General and Deputy Chairman

• 1965-1968: Sir Henry Beresford-Peirse, 5th Baronet, CB (Director-General 1962-1968)
• 1968-1976: John Abernethy Dickson, CB
• 1977-1986: George Dennis Holmes, CB, FRSE
• 1986-1990: Gwyn Jones Francis, CB
• 1990-1995: Timothy Robert "Robin" Cutler, CBE
• 1995-2004: David James Bills, CBE
• 2004-2013: Timothy John Denis Rollinson, CBE

The office of Director-General was abolished after Rollinson's retirement in 2013.

Deputy Director-General

• 1945-1947: Sir William Ling Taylor, CBE
• 1947-1953: Walter Henry Guillebaud, CBE
• 1953-1962: Sir Henry Beresford-Peirse, 5th Baronet, CB
• 1962-1963: James Macdonald, CBE
• 1963-1965: George Bodley Ryle, CBE (office abolished on his retirement)

Ministry of Fuel and Power (later Ministry of Power)

The Ministry of Fuel and Power was formed in 1942 to take on the Board of Trade's energy functions (including those of the Secretary of Petroleum, formed in 1940, and the Secretary of Mines, formed in 1920). Renamed Ministry of Power in 1957, and merged into the Ministry of Technology in 1969.

Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum

• 1941-1942: Sir Charles Fraser Adair Hore, KBE, CB

Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Fuel and Power

• 1942-1945: Sir Frank Newton Tribe, KCB, KBE
• 1945-1952: Sir John Donald Balfour Fergusson, GCB
• 1952-1957: John Redcliffe-Maud, Baron Redcliffe-Maud, GCB, CBE

Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Power

• 1957-1959: John Redcliffe-Maud, Baron Redcliffe-Maud, GCB, CBE
• 1958-1965: Sir Philip Dennis Proctor, KCB (jointly with Redcliffe-Maud, 1958-1959)
• 1965-1966: Sir Matthew Stevenson, KCB, CMG
• 1966-1969: Sir David Bruce Pitblado, KCB, CVO

Government Finance Profession (formerly Government Accountancy Service)

• 1984-1988: Sir Anthony Wilson
• 1989-1993: Sir Alan John Hardcastle
• 1993-2003: Professor Sir John Andrew Likierman
• 2004-2008: Dame Elizabeth Mary Keegan, DBE (as Head of the Government Finance Profession)
• 2008-2011: Jonathan Michael Thompson
• 2011-2014: Richard Philip Douglas, CB

The role was merged with that of Director-General, Public Spending, in the Treasury following a 2013 management review. The new office was Director-General, Public Spending and Finance (see under Treasury). The role was again split in 2017, with the Treasury retaining a Director-General, Public Spending, but functions relating to the Government Finance Function (as the GFP had become known) were transferred to the revived Head of the Government Finance Function, a part-time role given to Mike Driver, Chief Financial Officer at the Ministry of Justice.

Ministry of Health

Replaced by Department of Health and Social Security in 1968.

• 1919-1920: Sir Robert Laurie Morant, KCB
• 1920-1935: Sir William Arthur Robinson, GCB, GBE
• 1935-1940: Sir George William Chrystal, KCB
• 1940-1945: Sir Evelyn John Maude, KCB, KBE
• 1945-1951: Sir William Scott Douglas, GCB, KBE
• 1951-1960: Sir John Malcolm Kenneth Hawton, KCB
• 1960-1964: Sir Bruce Donald Fraser, KCB
• 1964-1968: Sir Arnold William France, GCB

Department of Health and Social Care

Formed out the Department of Health and Social Security in 1988. Known as the Department of Health between 1988 and 2018.

Permanent Secretary

As Department of Health

• 1988-1992: Sir Christopher Walter France, GCB
• 1992-1997: Sir Graham Allan Hart, KCB
• 2006-2010: Sir Hugh Henderson Taylor, KCB
• 2010-2016: Dame Una O'Brien, DCB
• 2016-2018: Sir Christopher Wormald, KCB

As Department of Health and Social Care

• 2018-present: Sir Christopher Wormald, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary

• 2020-2021: David Williams, CB
• 2021-present: Shona Hunter Dunn

Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS)

From merger of ministries of Health and Social Security in 1968. Split into Department of Health and Department of Social Security in 1988.

Permanent Secretary

• 1968-1970: Sir Clifford George Jarrett, KBE, CB
• 1970-1975: Sir Philip Rogers, GCB, CMG
• 1975-1981: Sir Patrick Dalmahoy Nairne, GCB, MC, PC
• 1981-1987: Sir Kenneth Ronald Stowe, GCB, CVO
• 1987-1988: Sir Christopher Walter France, GCB

Second Permanent Secretary

Second Permanent Secretary

• 1968-1971: Sir Alan Samuel Marre, KCB
• 1971-1973: Dame Mildred Riddelsdell, DCB
• 1973-1976: Sir Lancelot Errington, KCB
• 1977-1979: Sir John Alexander "Alec" Atkinson, KCB, DFC
• 1979-1986: Sir Geoffrey John Otton, KCB
• 1986-1987: Sir Christopher Walter France, GCB
• 1987-1988: Sir Michael John Anthony Partridge, KCB

Chairman, NHS Management Board (rank of Second Permanent Secretary; also Chief Executive, NHS)

Established in 1985. Became independent of the Department of Health in 2013.

• 1985-1986: Victor Grellier Paige, CBE
• 1986-1989: Sir Leonard Harry Peach
• 1989-1994: Sir Duncan Kirkbride Nichol, CBE
• 1994-2000: Sir Robert Alan Langlands

• 2000-2006: Nigel Crisp, Baron Crisp, KCB
• 2006-2013: Sir David Nicholson, KCB, CBE

Chief Executive, NHS England (independent body):

• 2013-2014: Sir David Nicholson, KCB, CBE
• 2014-present: Simon Laurence Stevens

Higher Education Funding Council

Chairman

• 1992-1993: Ronald Dearing, Baron Dearing, CB
• 1993-1997: Sir Brandon Charles Gough, DL
• 1997-2001: Sir Michael Checkland
• 2001-2007: David Ernest Young, CBE
• 2008-2018: Sir Timothy David Melville-Ross, CBE

Chief Executive

• 1992-1995: Sir Graeme John Davies, FRSE, FREng
• 1995-2001: Sir Brian Edward Frederick Fender, CMG
• 2001-2006: Sir Howard Joseph Newby, CBE
• 2006-2009: Professor Sir David Stephen Eastwood
• 2009-2013: Sir Robert Alan Langlands
• 2014-2018: Professor Madeleine Julia Atkins, CBE, DL

Home Office

Created in 1782.

Permanent Secretary

• 1782: John Bell
• 1782-1794: Sir Evan Nepean, 1st Baronet
• 1791-1806: John King (jointly with Nepean until 1794)
• 1806-1817: Sir John Beckett, 1st Baronet
• 1817-1827: Henry Hobhouse
• 1827-1848: Samuel March Phillipps
• 1848-1867: Horatio Waddington
• 1867-1885: Hon. Sir Adolphus Frederick Octavius Liddell, KCB, QC
• 1885 (Jun.): Sir Henry James Sumner Maine, KCSI
• 1885 (Jul.)-1895: Sir Godfrey Lushington, GCMG, KCB
• 1895-1903: Sir Kenelm Edward Digby, GCB
• 1903-1908: Sir Mackenzie Dalzell Edwin Stewart Chalmers, KCB, CSI
• 1908-1922: Sir Charles Edward Troup, KCB, KCVO
• 1922-1932: John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, PC, PC (Ire), FRS
• 1932-1938: Sir Robert Russell Scott, KCB, CSI, ISO
• 1938-1948: Sir Alexander Maxwell, GCB, KBE
• 1948-1957: Sir Frank Aubrey Newsam, GCB, KBE, CVO, MC
• 1957-1966: Sir Charles Craik Cunningham, GCB, KBE, CVO
• 1966-1972: Philip Allen, Baron Allen of Abbeydale, GCB
• 1972-1977: Sir Arthur William Peterson, KCB, LVO
• 1977-1979: Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster, GCB, CVO
• 1979-1988: Sir Brian Crossland Cubbon, GCB
• 1988-1994: Sir Clive Anthony Whitmore, GCB, CVO
• 1994-1997: Richard Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton, GCB
• 1998-2001: Sir David Bruce Omand, GCB
• 2001-2005: Sir Edward John Watson Gieve, KCB
• 2006-2010: Sir David John Normington, GCB
• 2011-2012: Dame Helen Frances Ghosh, DCB
• 2013-2017: Sir Mark Philip Sedwill, KCMG
• 2017-2020: Sir Philip McDougall Rutnam, KCB
• 2020-present: Matthew John Rycroft, CBE

Second Permanent Secretary

• 2015-2016: Oliver Robbins, CB
• 2016-2018: Patsy Wilkinson, CB, MBE
• 2018-2021: Shona Hunter Dunn
• 2021-present: Patricia Jane Hayes, CB

Ministry of Home Security (1939-1945)

• 1939-1940: Sir Thomas Robert Gardiner, GCB, GBE, and Sir George Henry Gater, GCMG, KCB, DSO
• 1940-1942: Sir George Henry Gater, GCMG, KCB, DSO
• 1942: Sir Harold Richard Scott, GCVO, KCB, KBE
• 1943-45: Sir William Barrowclough Brown, KCB, KCMG, CBE

Ministry of Housing and Local Government

Functions of the Ministry of Health relating to the old Local Government Board were transferred to the MHLG in 1951 (when it was briefly called the Ministry of Local Government and Planning, Jan.-Oct. 1951) and it was merged with the Ministry of Town and County Planning at the same time. Merged into the Department for the Environment in 1970.

MLGP

• 1951: Sir Thomas Herbert Sheepshanks, KCB, KBE

MHLG

• 1951-1955: Sir Thomas Herbert Sheepshanks, KCB, KBE
• 1955-1966: Evelyn Sharp, Baroness Sharp, GBE
• 1966-1970: Sir Matthew Stevenson, KCB, CMG

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government

Created out of Office of the Deputy Prime Minister in 2006 as the Department of Communities and Local Government. Renamed in 2018.

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government

• 2018-present: Melanie Henrietta Dawes, CB

India Office

Formed in 1858. Merged with Dominions Office and Burma Office to form the Commonwealth Relations Office in 1947.

India Office

• 1858-1860: Sir George Russell Clerk, GCSI, KCB
• 1860-1874: Herman Merivale, CB
• 1874-1883: Sir Louis Mallet, CB, PC
• 1883-1909: John Godley, 1st Baron Kilbracken, GCB
• 1909-1912: Sir Richmond Thackeray Willoughby Ritchie, KCB, ISO
• 1912-1919: Sir Thomas William Holderness, 1st Baronet, GCB, KCSI
• 1919-1924: Sir Frederick William Duke, GCIE, KCSI
• 1924-1930: Sir Arthur Hirtzel, KCB
• 1930-1937: Sir Samuel Findlater Stewart, GCB, GCIE, CSI

India and Burma

• 1937-1941: Sir Samuel Findlater Stewart, GCB, GCIE, CSI
• 1941-1947: Sir David Taylor Monteath, KCB, KCSI, KCMG, CVO, OBE
• 1947: Sir Richard Henry Archibald Carter, GCMG, KCB, KCIE

Department of Industry

Formed out functions transferred from the Department of Trade and Industry in 1974. Merged back into the Department of Trade and Industry in 1983.

Permanent Secretary

• 1974-1976: Sir Antony Alexander Part, GCB, MBE
• 1976-1983: Sir Peter Willoughby Carey, GCB

Second Permanent Secretary

• 1974-1976: Sir Peter Willoughby Carey, GCB
• 1976-1977: Sir Anthony Keith Rawlinson, KCB

Ministry of Information

Director of Propaganda (1918-1919)

• 1918-1919: Enoch Arnold Bennett

Director-General, Information (1939-1946)

• 1939-1940: Sir Kenneth Lee, 1st Baronet
• 1940-1941: Frank Pick
• 1941-1945: Cyril Radcliffe, 1st Viscount Radcliffe, GBE, PC, FBA
• 1945-1946: Sir Eric St John Bamford, KCB, KBE, CMG

Central Office of Information

Director-General

• 1946 (Apr.-Jun.): Sir Eric St John Bamford, KCB, KBE, CMG
• 1946-1954: Sir Robert Brown Fraser, OBE
• 1954-1971: Sir Thomas Fife Clark, CBE
• 1971-1974: Frank Donald Bickerton, CBE
• 1974-1978: Henry Leonard James, CB
• 1978-1982: John Dudley Groves, CB, OBE
• 1982-1985: Donald David Grant, CB
• 1985-1988: Neville Taylor, CB
• 1989-1996: George Michael Devereau, CB (also Head of the Government Information Service, 1990–1997)

Chief Executive

• 1996-1998: Anthony Jude Douglas
• 1999-2002: Carol Ann Fisher
• 2003-2009: Alan John Bishop
• 2009-2011: Mark Lund

Inland Revenue

Chairman of the Board of Excise

• 1801-1819: Robert Nicholas
• 1819-1822: Robert Nicholas and Lord George Seymour
• 1822-1833: Lord George Seymour
• 1833-1838: Sir Francis Hastings Doyle, 1st Baronet
• 1838-1849: John Wood

Chairman of the Board of Inland Revenue

• 1849-1856: John Wood
• 1856-1862: Charles Pressly
• 1862-1877: Sir William Henry Stephenson
• 1877-1881: Sir Charles John Herries, KCB
• 1881-1892: Sir Algernon Edward West, KCB
• 1892-1897: Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner, KG, GCB, GCMG, PC
• 1897-1899: Sir George Herbert Murray, GCB, GCVO, ISO, PC
• 1899-1907: Sir Henry William Primrose, KCB, CSI, ISO
• 1907-1911: Robert Chalmers, 1st Baron Chalmers, GCB, PC (Ire)
• 1911-1914: Sir Matthew Nathan, GCMG, PC (Ire.)
• 1914-1918: Sir Edmund Ernest Nott-Bower, KCB
• 1918-1919: Sir Norman Fenwick Warren Fisher, KCB
• 1919-1922: John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, PC, PC (Ire), FRS
• 1922-1927: Sir Richard Valentine Nind Hopkins, GCB, PC
• 1927-1930: Sir Ernest Arthur Gowers, GCB, GBE
• 1930-1934: Sir Percy James Grigg, KCB, KCSI
• 1934-1938: Sir Edward Rodolph Forber, KCB, CBE
• 1938-1942: Sir Gerald Bain Canny, KCB, KBE
• 1942-1948: Sir Cornelius Joseph Gregg, KCB, KBE
• 1948-1955: Sir Eric St John Bamford, KCB, KBE, CMG
• 1955-1958: Sir Henry Drummond Hancock, GCB, KBE, CMG
• 1958-1968: Sir Alexander Johnston, GCB, KBE
• 1968-1973: Sir Arnold William France, GCB
• 1973-1976: Sir Norman Charles Price, KCB
• 1976-1979: Sir William Dennis Pile, GCB, MBE
• 1980-1986: Sir Lawrence Airey, KCB
• 1986-1997: Sir Anthony Michael William Battishill, GCB
• 1997-2004: Sir Nicholas Lionel John Montagu, KCB

Merged into HMRC

Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS; 2007-2009)

Take over some functions from Department of Education and Skills and the Department of Trade and Industry in 2007; merged into the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills in 2009.

• 2007-2009: Ian Charles Watmore

Department for International Development (1997-present)

Functions from FCO's ODA.

• 1997-2002: Sir John Michael Medlicott Vereker, KCB
• 2002-2007: Sir Sumantra Chakrabarti, KCB
• 2008-2011: Dame Nemat "Minouche" Shafik, DBE
• 2011-2017: Sir Mark Andrew Lowcock, KCB
• 2018-present: Matthew John Rycroft, CBE

Department for International Trade

Formed in response to Brexit in 2016, taking on functions of the FCO and DBIS.

• 2016-2017 (interim): Sir Martin Eugene Donnelly, KCB, CMG
• 2017-present: Antonia Romeo

Irish Office

(Permanent) Under-Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

The following is a list of people appointed Under-Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (including those appointed Under-Secretary for the Civil Department).

• 1777-1780: Thomas Waite
• 1780-1795: Sackville Hamilton
• 1795 (Feb.): Lodge Evans Morres
• 1795 (May)-1801: Sackville Hamilton
• 1796-1801: Edward Cooke
• 1801-1806: Alexander Marsden
• 1806-1808: James Trail
• 1808-1812: Sir Charles Saxton, 2nd Baronet
• 1812-1831: William Gregory
• 1831-1835: Major-General Sir William Gosset, KCH
• 1835-1840: Thomas Drummond
• 1840-1841: Norman Hilton Macdonald
• 1841-1845: Edward Lucas
• 1845: Richard Pennefather [redirect]
• 1846-1852: Sir Thomas Nicholas Redington, KCB
• 1852 (Feb.-Dec.): John Arthur Wynne, PC
• 1853-1868: Major-General Sir Thomas Aiskew Larcom, 1st Baronet, PC, FRS
• 1868-1869: Sir Edward Robert Wetherall, KCSI, CB
• 1869-1882: Thomas Henry Burke
• 1882-1886: Sir Robert George Crookshank Hamilton, KCB
• 1886-1887: General Sir Redvers Henry Buller, VC, GCB, GCMG
• 1887-1892: Sir Joseph West Ridgeway, GCB, GCMG, KCSI, PC (Ire)
• 1892-1902: Sir David Harrel, GCB, GBE, KCVO, ISO, PC (Ire)
• 1902-1908: Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell, GCSI, KCVO, PC (Ire)
• 1908-1914: Sir James Brown Dougherty, KCB, KCVO, PC (Ire)
• 1914-1916: Sir Matthew Nathan, GCMG, PC (Ire)
• 1916: Robert Chalmers, 1st Baron Chalmers, GCB, PC (Ire)
• 1916-1918: Sir William Patrick Byrne, KCVO, CB, PC (Ire)
• 1918-1922: James Macmahon, PC
• 1920-1922: John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, PC, PC (Ire), FRS

Ministry of Justice (MoJ)

The Lord Chancellor's Department was established in 1885 and replaced by the Department for Constitutional Affairs in 2003, which in turn was replaced by the Ministry of Justice in 2007. The Permanent Secretary has also been ex officio Clerk of the Crown in Chancery since 1885.

Permanent Secretary

Lord Chancellor's Department

• 1885-1915: Kenneth Augustus Muir Mackenzie, 1st Baron Muir Mackenzie, GCB, PC, QC
• 1915-1944: Claud Schuster, 1st Baron Schuster, GCB, CVO, QC
• 1944-1954: Sir Albert Edward Alexander Napier, KCB, KCVO, QC
• 1954-1968: Sir George Phillips Coldstream, KCB, KCVO, QC

• 1968-1977: Sir Denis William Dobson, KCB, OBE, QC
• 1977-1982: Sir John Wilfred Bourne, KCB, QC
• 1982-1989: Sir Antony Derek Maxwell Oulton, GCB ,QC
• 1989-1998: Sir Thomas Stuart Legg, KCB, QC
• 1999-2004: Sir Gerald Hayden Phillips, GCB, DL

Department for Constitutional Affairs

• 2004-2007: Sir Alexander Claud Stuart Allan, KCB

Ministry of Justice

• 2007: Sir Alexander Claud Stuart Allan, KCB
• 2007: Sir Sumantra "Suma" Chakrabarti, KCB
• 2012-2015: Dame Ursula Mary Brennan, DCB
• 2015-present: Sir Richard Nicholas Heaton, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary, Lord Chancellor's Department (and then DCA)

• 2003-2005: Sir Ian Bernard Vaughan Magee, CB (also Chief Executive, Operations)

Ministry of Land and Natural Resources

Established to oversee the Land Commission and other connected policies in 1964. Responsibilities were transferred to the MHLG in 1967.

• 1964-1965: Sir Frederick Arthur Bishop, CB, CVO
• 1965-1966: Sir Bruce Donald Fraser, KCB

Local Government Board

• 1871-1876: Henry Fleming
• 1871-1882: Sir John Lambert
• 1882-1898: Sir Hugh Owen, GCB
• 1898-1910: Sir Samuel Butler Provis, CH, KCB
• 1910-1919: Sir Horace Cecil Monro, KCB

Ministry of Materials

Existed between 1951 and 1953.

• 1951-1952: Sir Edwin Alan Hitchman, KCB
• 1952: Sir James Reginald Carroll Helmore, KCB, KCMG
• 1953-1954: Sir Eric Blacklock Bowyer, KCB, KBE

Ministry of Munitions

Existed between 1915 and 1921.

• 1915: Sir Hubert Llewellyn Smith, GCB
• 1916-1917: Sir Edmund Bampfylde Phipps, CB
• 1917-1920: Sir William Graham Greene, KCB
• 1920-1921: Sir Sigmund Dannreuther, CB, and Sir Daniel Neylan, CBE

National Assistance Board

Chairman, Unemployed Assistance Board

• 1934-1940: Henry Betterton, 1st Baron Rushcliffe, GBE, PC

Chairman, Assistance Board

• 1940-1941: Henry Betterton, 1st Baron Rushcliffe, GBE, PC
• 1941-1948: Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury, GCMG, GCVO, OBE, MC, PC, DL

Chairman, National Assistance Board

• 1948-1953: George Buchanan, PC
• 1954-1964: Major Geoffrey Hutchinson, Baron Ilford, MC, TD, QC
• 1964-1966: Dennis Vosper, Baron Runcorn, TD, PC

Department of National Heritage

• 1992-1997: Sir Gerald Hayden Phillips, GCB, DL

Ministry of National Insurance

Formed in 1944. Merged with Ministry of Pensions in 1953.

• 1944-1948: Sir Thomas Williams Phillips, GBE, KCB
• 1949-1951: Sir Henry Drummond Hancock, GCB, KBE, CMG
• 1951-1953: Sir Geoffrey Stuart King, KCB, KBE, MC

Ministry of National Service

• 1917-1918: Edmund Alderson Sandford Fawcett, CB
• 1918-1919: Sir George William Chrystal, KCB

National Security Adviser

• 2010-2012: Peter Ricketts, Baron Ricketts, GCMG, GCVO
• 2012-2015: Sir Nigel Kim Darroch, KCMG
• 2015-2017: Sir Mark Justin Lyall Grant, GCMG
• 2017-present: Sir Mark Philip Sedwill, KCMG

National Statistics

Head of Government Statistical Service

• 1968-1978: Claus Moser, Baron Moser, KCB, CBE
• 1978-1985: Sir Arthur John Boreham, KCB
• 1985-1992: Sir Jack Hibbert, KCB
• 1992-1995: William Patrick McLennan, CBE, AM
• 1995-1996: David Tim Holt, CB, FSS

Chief Executive, National Statistics

• 1996-2000: David Tim Holt, CB, FSS
• 2000-2005: Leonard Warren Cook, CBE
• 2005-2009: Dame Karen Hope Dunnell, DCB, FAcSS
• 2009-2014: Dame Jilian Norma Matheson, DCB, FAcSS
• 2014-present: John James Pullinger, CB

Northern Ireland Office

Formed in 1972.

Permanent Secretary

• 1972-1973: Sir William Alan Nield, GCMG, KCB
• 1973-1976: Sir Frank Cooper, GCB, CMG, PC
• 1976-1979: Sir Brian Crossland Cubbon, GCB
• 1979-1981: Sir Kenneth Ronald Stowe, GCB, CVO
• 1981-1983: Sir Philip John Woodfield, KCB, CBE
• 1984-1988: Sir Robert John Andrew, KCB
• 1988-1990: Sir John Niall Henderson Blelloch, KCB
• 1990-1997: Sir John Anthony Chilcot, GCB, PC
• 1997-2005: Sir Joseph Grant Pilling, KCB
• 2005-2010: Sir Jonathan Phillips, KCB
• 2010-2011: Hilary Jackson
• 2011-2014: Sir Julian Beresford King, KCVO, CMG
• 2014-present: Sir Jonathan Andrew de Sievrac Stephens, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary

• 1981-1984: Sir William Ewart Bell, KCB (and Head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service from 1979 to 1984)
• 1984-1991: Sir Kenneth Percy Bloomfield, KCB (also Head of the NICS from 1984 to 1991)
• 1991-1997: Sir David Fell, KCB (also Head of the NICS from 1991 to 1997)
• 1998-1999: Sir John Laughlin Semple, KCB (also Head of the NICS from 1997 to 2000)

Ministry of Overseas Development

Bought together out of the Department of Technical Co-operation and functions from FO, CRO and CO. Incorporated into the FO and named Overseas Development Administration (ODA). Revived in 1974, reincorporated into FCO in 1979.

Ministry of Overseas Development (1964–1970)

Permanent Secretary

• 1964–1968: Sir Andrew Benjamin Cohen, KCMG, KCVO, OBE
• 1968–1970: Sir Geoffrey Masterman Wilson, KCB, CMG

Overseas Development Administration, Foreign and Commonwealth Office (1970–1974)

• 1970: Sir Geoffrey Masterman Wilson, KCB, CMG
• 1971-1973: Sir Charles Michael Walker, GCMG
• 1973-1974: Sir Richard Brian Meredith King, KCB, MC

Ministry of Overseas Development (1974–1979)

• 1974-1976: Sir Richard Brian Meredith King, KCB, MC
• 1976-1979: Sir Peter Sansome Preston, KCB

Overseas Development Administration, Foreign and Commonwealth Office (1979–1997)

Permanent Secretary

• 1979-1982: Sir Peter Sansome Preston, KCB
• 1982-1984: Sir William Sinclair Ryrie, KCB
• 1984-1987: Sir Crispin Charles Cervantes Tickell, GCMG, KCVO
• 1987–1989: Sir John Caines, KCB
• 1989-1994: Sir Timothy Patrick Lankester, KCB
• 1994-1997: Sir John Michael Medlicott Vereker, KCB

Ministry of Pensions

Took over work relating to war pensions from the War Office and other organisations in 1916. Merged with Ministry of National Insurance in 1953.

• 1916-1919: Sir Matthew Nathan, GCMG, PC (Ire.)
• 1919-1935: Sir George William Chrystal, KCB
• 1935-1941: Sir Charles Fraser Adair Hore, KBE, CB
• 1941-1945: Sir Alexander Cunnison, KBE, CB
• 1946-1948: Sir Harold Parker, KCB, KBE, MC
• 1948-1953: Sir Arton Wilson, KBE, CB

Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance

Formed from a merger of MNI and MoP in 1953. Replaced with the Ministry of Social Security in 1966.

• 1953–1955: Sir Geoffrey Stuart King, KCB, KBE, MC
• 1955–1964: Sir Eric Blacklock Bowyer, KCB, KBE
• 1964–1966: Sir Clifford George Jarrett, KBE, CB

Poor Law Board

Permanent Secretary

• 1847-1850: Sir George Nicholls, KCB
• 1850-1859: William Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon, PC
• 1859-1871: Henry Fleming

Poor Law Commission

Secretary

• 1834-1847: Edwin Chadwick

Post Office

Permanent Secretary

• 1742-1760: George Shelvocke
• 1760-1764: Henry Potts
• 1764-1797: Anthony Todd
• 1797-1798: Anthony Todd, and Sir Francis Freeling, 1st Baronet, FSA
• 1798-1836: Sir Francis Freeling, 1st Baronet, FSA
• 1836-1854: William Leader Maberly
• 1854-1864: Sir Rowland Hill, KCB, FRS (as Secretary to the Postmaster-General from 1846 to 1854)
• 1864-1880: Sir John Tilley, KCB
• 1880-1893: Sir Stevenson Arthur Blackwood, KCB
• 1893-1899: Sir Spencer Walpole, KCB, FBA
• 1899-1903: Sir George Herbert Murray, GCB, GCVO, ISO, PC
• 1903-1909: Sir Henry Babington Smith, GBE, CH, KCB, CSI
• 1909-1911: Sir Matthew Nathan, GCMG, PC (Ire.)
• 1911-1914: Sir Alexander Freeman King, KCB
• 1914-1934: Sir George Evelyn Pemberton Murray, KCB

Director-General

• 1934-1936: Sir Donald Banks, KCB, DSO, MC, TD
• 1936-1945: Sir Thomas Robert Gardiner, GCB, GBE
• 1946-1949: Sir Walter Raymond Birchall, KCB, KBE
• 1949-1955: Sir Rudolf Alexander Little, KCB
• 1955-1960: Sir William Gordon Radley, KCB, CBE
• 1960-1966: Sir Ronald Ernest German, KCB, CMG

Deputy Chairman of the Post Office Board

• 1966-1968: John Wall, Baron Wall, OBE

Department of Prices and Consumer Protection

Functions transferred from the Department of Trade and Industry in 1974. Merged into the Department of Trade in 1979.

• 1974-1979: Sir Kenneth Henry Clucas, KCB

Ministry of Production (1942-1945)

• 1942-1943: Sir Albert Henry Self, KCB, KCMG, KBE
• 1943-1945: Sir John Harold Edmund Woods, GCB, MVO

Ministry of Public Building and Works

Succeeded the Ministry of Works in 1962; that Ministry had been established in 1940 and succeeded the the Office of Works (formed in 1851 with antecedents). Functions mostly absorbed into new Department of the Environment in 1970.

Permanent Secretary (1962-1970)

• 1962-1965: Sir Edward Muir, KCB, FSA
• 1965-1968: Sir Antony Alexander Part, GCB, MBE
• 1968-1970: Sir Arthur Lucius Michael Cary, GCB

Permanent Secretary, Office of Public Service (and Science 1992-1995)

• 1992-1995: Sir Richard Clive Mottram, GCB
• 1995-1995: Sir Robin Mountfield, KCB

Clerk of the Council, Privy Council

See under Clerk of the Privy Council (United Kingdom)

Ministry of Reconstruction (1917-1919)

Formed in 1917.

• 1917-1918: Vaughan Nash, CB, CVO
• 1918-1919: Sir George William Chrystal, KCB

Ministry of Reconstruction (1943-1945)

Formed out of and merged into the Cabinet.

• 1943-1945: Norman Brook, 1st Baron Normanbrook, GCB, PC

Registrar-General for England and Wales

See under General Register Office for England and Wales#Registrars General

HM Revenue and Customs

Permanent Secretary and Chief Executive

• 2004-2006: Sir David Robert Varney
• 2007: Paul Richard Charles Gray, CB
• 2008-2012: Michael Clasper, CBE
• 2008-2011: Dame Lesley Ann Strathie, DCB
• 2012-2016: Dame Linda Margaret Homer, DCB (her Who's Who states "Chief Executive Officer, and Permanent Secretary for Tax", but this is contradicted in many other sources)
• 2016-present: Sir Jonathan Michael Thompson, KCB

First Permanent Secretary and Executive Chairman

• 2016-2017: Sir John Edward Astley Troup

Permanent Secretary for Tax

• 2008-2012: David Anthony Hartnett, CB

Second Permanent Secretary

• 2012-2016: Sir John Edward Astley Troup (also Tax Assurance Commissioner)
• Vacant?
• 2018-present: James Harra, CB

Office of the Minister of Science (1959-1964)

Merged into the Ministry of Education in 1964.

• 1962-1964: Sir Francis Fearon "Frank" Turnbull, KBE, CB, CIE

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research

Secretary

• 1916-1927: Sir Henry Frank Heath, GBE, KCB
• 1927-1929: Sir Henry Thomas Tizard, GCB, AFC, FRS
• 1929-1939: Sir Frank Edward Smith, GCB, GBE, FRS
• 1939-1949: Sir Edward Victor Appleton, GBE, KCB, FRS, FRSE, FRCSE
• 1949-1956: Sir Ben Lockspeiser, KCB, FRS, FREng, FIMechE, FRAeS
• 1956-1965: Sir Harry Work Melville, KCB, FRS, FRSC

(merged with Science Research Council, 1965)

Scottish Office

• 1885–1887: Sir Francis Richard John Sandford, KCB (later Baron Sandford).
• 1888–1892: Robert William Cochran-Patrick.
• 1892–1902: Colonel Sir Colin Scott-Moncrieff, KCSI.
• 1902–1908: Sir Reginald Macleod of Macleod, KCB.
• 1909–1921: Sir James Miller Dodds, KCB
• 1921–1933: Sir John Lamb, KCB (Under-Secretary of State after 1926)
• 1933–1937: Sir John Jeffrey, KCB, CBE FRSE
• 1937: John Elborn Highton, CB
• 1937–1946: Sir Horace Perkins Hamilton, GCB
• 1946–1959: Sir David Milne, GCB
• 1959–1964: Sir William Stuart Murrie, GCB, KBE
• 1965–1973: Sir Thomas Douglas Haddow, KCB, FRSE
• 1973–1978: Sir Nicholas Godfrey Morrison, KCB
• 1978–1988: Sir William Kerr Fraser, GCB
• 1988–1998: Sir Robert Russell Hillhouse, KCB, FRSE
• 1998–1999: Alastair Muir Russell (later KCB)

Replaced by Scottish Executive 1999

Ministry of Shipping

First World War

• 1917-1919: John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley, OM, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, PC, FRS
• 1919-1920: Thomas Lodge, CB

Second World War

• 1939-1941: Cyril Hurcomb, 1st Baron Hurcomb, GCB, KBE

Ministry of Social Security

Replaced MPNI in 1966. Merged with Ministry of Health to form Department of Health and Social Security in 1968.

• 1966-1968: Sir Clifford George Jarrett, KBE, CB

Department of Social Security

Spun out of DHSS in 1988. Merged in DWP in 2001.

• 1988-1995: Sir Michael John Anthony Partridge, KCB
• 1995-1999: Dame Ann Elizabeth Bowtell, DCB
• 1999-2001: Janis Rachel Lomax

Ministry of Supply

Established to meet wartime supply in 1939. Functions transferred to the Ministry of Aviation in 1959.

• 1939-1940: Sir William Arthur Robinson, GCB, GBE
• 1940: Sir George Henry Gater, GCMG, KCB, DSO
• 1940-1942: Sir William Barrowclough Brown, KCB, KCMG, CBE
• 1942-1945: Sir William Scott Douglas, GCB, KBE
• 1945-1946: Oliver Franks, Baron Franks, OM, GCMG, KCB, KCVO, CBE, PC, DL, FBA
• 1946-1953: Sir Archibald Rowlands, GCB, MBE
• 1953-1956: Sir James Reginald Carroll Helmore, KCB, KCMG
• 1956-1959: Sir Frank Cyril Musgrave, KCB
• 1959: Sir William Strath, KCB

Department of Technical Co-operation

Created from functions in FO and CRO in 1961, merged into the Ministry of Overseas Development in 1964.

Director-General

• 1961-1964: Sir Andrew Benjamin Cohen, KCMG, KCVO, OBE

Ministry of Technology

Established in 1964 and merged into DTI in 1970. Absorbed Ministry of Power in 1969 and the Ministry of Aviation in 1967.

Permanent Secretary

• 1964-1966: Sir Maurice Joseph Dean, KCB, KCMG
• 1966-1970: Sir Richard William Barnes Clarke, KCB, OBE

Permanent Secretary (Aviation)

Melville joined in 1967 from the Ministry of Aviation, as Secretary (Aviation). In 1969, Tony Benn reorganised the Ministry of Technology and made Melville's title "Permanent Secretary (Aviation)".

• 1967-1970: Sir Ronald Henry Melville, KCB (previously Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Aviation).

Permanent Secretary (Industry)

• 1969-1970: Sir David Bruce Pitblado, KCB, CVO

Ministry of Town and County Planning

Established 1943, Merged into the Ministry of Housing and Local Government in 1951.

• 1943-1946: Sir Geoffrey Granville Whiskard, KCB, KCMG
• 1946-1951: Sir Thomas Herbert Sheepshanks, KCB, KBE

Board of Trade

Established in 1786. Functions absorbed into DTI in 1970

• 1786-1810: Stephen Cotterell (jointly)
• 1786-1811: William Fawkener (jointly)
• 1786-1787: Grey Elliott (jointly; not replaced)
• 1810-1836: Thomas Lack (formally Assistant Secretary, appointed on Cotterell's retirement)
• 1829-1840: James Deacon Hume (appointed as a second Assistant Secretary; from then until 1867 there were two Assistant Secretaries who gradually came to be called Joint Secretaries)
• 1836-1841: Sir Denis Le Marchant, 1st Baronet (succeeding Lack)
• 1840-1847: John MacGregor (succeeding Hume)
• 1841-1848: John George Shaw Lefevre (succeeding Le Marchant)
• 1847-1852: George Richardson Porter (succeeding MacGregor)
• 1848-1850: Sir Denis Le Marchant, 1st Baronet (succeeding Shaw Lefevre)
• 1850-1865: James Booth, CB (succeeding Le Marchant)
• 1852-1867: Sir James Emerson Tennent, 1st Baronet, FRS (succeeding Porter; second secretaryship abolished in 1867; Farrer was thereafter sole Permanent Secretary)
• 1865-1886: Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st Baron Farrer (succeeding Booth)
• 1886-1893: Henry George Calcraft, KCB
• 1893-1901: Sir Courtenay Boyle, KCB
• 1901-1906: Francis Hopwood, 1st Baron Southborough, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, KCSI, PC
• 1907-1915: Sir Hubert Llewellyn Smith, GCB
• 1915-1916: Sir George Stapylton Barnes, KCB, KCSI, and Sir Hubert Llewellyn Smith, GCB
• 1916-1919: Sir Hubert Llewellyn Smith, GCB, and Sir William Francis Marwood, KCB
• 1919: Sir Sydney John Chapman, KCB, CBE, and Sir William Francis Marwood, KCB
• 1919: Sir Sydney John Chapman, KCB, CBE, and Sir Henry Arthur Payne, KBE, CB
• 1920-1927: Sir Sydney John Chapman, KCB, CBE
• 1927-1937: Sir Horace Perkins Hamilton, GCB
• 1937-1940: Sir William Barrowclough Brown, KCB, KCMG, CBE
• 1941-1945: Sir Arnold Overton, KCB, KCMG, MC
• 1945-1951: Sir John Harold Edmund Woods, GCB, MVO
• 1951-1959: Sir Frank Godbould Lee, KCB
• 1960-1968: Sir Richard Royle Powell, GCB, KBE, CMG
• 1968-1970: Sir Antony Alexander Part, GCB, MBE

Second Secretary

• 1963-1966: Sir David Radford Serpell, KCB, CMG, OBE

Second Permanent Secretary

• 1966-1968: Sir David Radford Serpell, KCB, CMG, OBE
• 1968-1970: Sir Cyril Maxwell Palmer Brown, KCB, CMG

Department of Trade

Functions transferred from the Department of Trade and Industry in 1974. Merged back into the Department of Trade and Industry in 1983.

Permanent Secretary

• 1974 (Mar.-Jun.): Sir Cyril Maxwell Palmer Brown, KCB, CMG
• 1974-1977: Sir Peter Eustace Thornton, KCB
• 1977-1979: Sir Leo Pliatzky, KCB
• 1979-1982: Sir Kenneth Henry Clucas, KCB
• 1983: Sir Anthony Keith Rawlinson, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary

• 1974: Sir Peter Eustace Thornton, KCB

Department of Trade and Industry

Created by merger of the Board of Trade and the Ministry of Technology in 1970; also took over Department of Employment's responsibilities for monopolies and mergers. Split into Department of Trade, Department of Industry and the Department of Prices and Consumer Protection in 1974, but reunited in 1983. The Department of Energy merged with it in 1992. Broken up in 2007 into the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills and the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform.

Permanent Secretary

First Department (1970-1974):

• 1970-1974: Sir Antony Alexander Part, GCB, MBE
• 1974: Sir Cyril Maxwell Palmer Brown, KCB, CMG

Second Department (1983-2007):

• 1983-1985 (joint): Sir Brian David Hayes, GCB, and Sir Anthony Keith Rawlinson, KCB
• 1985-1989: Sir Brian David Hayes, GCB
• 1989-1996: Sir Peter Lewis Gregson, GCB
• 1996-2001: Sir Michael Charles Scholar, KCB
• 2001-2005: Sir Robin Urquhart Young, KCB
• 2005 (acting): Catherine Elisabeth Dorcas Bell, CB
• 2005-2007: Sir Brian Geoffrey Bender, KCB

Second Secretary

First Department (1970-1974)

• 1972-1974: Sir Jack Leslie Rampton, KCB
• 1973-1974: Sir Peter Willoughby Carey, GCB

Ministry of Transport (formerly Transport and Civil Aviation, and War Transport)

Established in 1919, renamed the Ministry of War Transport in 1941, renamed back in 1946, and then renamed the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation between 1953 and 1959 before reverting once more. Merged into the Department of the Environment, 1970.

Transport

• 1919-1921: Sir Robert Francis Dunnell, 1st Baronet, KCB
• 1921-1923: Sir William Francis Marwood, KCB
• 1923-1927: Sir John Reeve Brooke, CB
• 1927-1937: Cyril Hurcomb, 1st Baron Hurcomb, GCB, KBE
• 1937-1941: Sir Leonard Browett, KCB, CBE

Director-General, War Transport

• 1941-1946: Cyril Hurcomb, 1st Baron Hurcomb, GCB, KBE

Transport

• 1946: Cyril Hurcomb, 1st Baron Hurcomb, GCB, KBE
• 1947-1953: Sir Thomas Gilmour Jenkins, KCB, KBE, MC

Transport and Civil Aviation

• 1953-1959: Sir Thomas Gilmour Jenkins, KCB, KBE, MC

Transport

• 1959-1962: Sir Ludovic James Dunnett, GCB, CMG
• 1962-1968: Sir Thomas Padmore, GCB
• 1968-1970: Sir David Radford Serpell, KCB, CMG, OBE

Department of Transport

Formed in 1976; spun out of Department of the Environment. Merged into the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions in 1997

• 1976-1982: Sir Peter Robert Baldwin, KCB
• 1982-1985: Sir Peter Esmond Lazarus, KCB
• 1986-1991: Sir Alan Marshall Bailey, KCB
• 1991-1997: Sir Austen Patrick Brown, KCB

Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions

Formed out of the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions in 2001. Local government functions moved to the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and then, in 2006, the Department for Communities and Local Government. Transport functions transferred to the new Department for Transport.

• 2001-2002: Sir Richard Clive Mottram, GCB

Department for Transport

Created from the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions in 2002.

• 2002-2003: Janis Rachel Lomax
• 2003-2007: Sir David Rowlands, KCB
• 2007-2010: Sir Robert John Devereux, KCB
• 2011-2012: Dame Linda Margaret Homer, DCB
• 2012-2017: Sir Philip McDougall Rutnam, KCB
• 2017-present: Bernadette Mary Kelly, CB

HM Treasury

Assistant Secretary

• 1805-1826: Sir George Harrison, KCH, FRS
• 1826-1828: William Hill
• 1828-1836: Hon. James Henry Keith Stewart
• 1836-1840: Sir Alexander Young Spearman, 1st Baronet
• 1840-1859: Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan, 1st Baronet, KCB
• 1859-1867: George Alexander Hamilton

Permanent Secretary

• 1867-1870: George Alexander Hamilton
• 1870-1885: Ralph Lingen, 1st Baron Lingen, KCB
• 1885-1894: Reginald Welby, 1st Baron Welby, GCB, PC
• 1894-1902: Sir Francis Mowatt, GCB, PC
• 1902-1903: Sir Francis Mowatt, and Sir Edward Walter Hamilton, GCB, KCVO, ISO, PC
• 1903-1908: Sir Edward Hamilton, and Sir George Herbert Murray, GCB, GCVO, ISO, PC
• 1908-1911: Sir George Murray (alone)
• 1911-1913: Robert Chalmers, 1st Baron Chalmers, GCB, PC (Ire), and Sir Thomas Little Heath, KCB, KCVO, FRS, FBA
• 1913-1916: Sir Thomas Heath and John Bradbury, 1st Baron Bradbury, GCB
• 1916-1919: Lord Bradbury and Robert Chalmers, 1st Baron Chalmers, GCB, PC (Ire)
• 1919-1939: Sir Norman Fenwick Warren Fisher, KCB
• 1939-1942: Sir Horace John Wilson, GCB, GCMG, CBE
• 1942-1945: Sir Richard Valentine Nind Hopkins, GCB, PC
• 1945-1956: Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges, KG, GCB, GCVO, MC, PC, FRS
• 1956-1959: Norman Brook, 1st Baron Normanbrook, GCB, PC, and Roger Makins, 1st Baron Sherfield, GCB, GCMG, FRS, DL
• 1959-1960: Lord Normanbrook (alone)
• 1960-1962: Lord Normanbrook, and Sir Frank Godbould Lee, GCMG, KCB, PC
• 1962-1963: William Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Sanderstead, GCB, MVO, PC
• 1963-1968: Lord Armstrong of Sanderstead, and Laurence Helsby, Baron Helsby, GCB, KBE
• 1968-1974: Douglas Albert Vivian Allen, Baron Croham, GCB
• 1974-1983: Sir Douglas William Gretton Wass, GCB
• 1983-1991: Sir Peter Edward Middleton, GCB
• 1991-1998: Terence Burns, Baron Burns, GCB
• 1998-2002: Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull, KCB, CVO
• 2002-2005: Gus O'Donnell, Baron O'Donnell, GCB, FBA, FAcSS
• 2005-2016: Nicholas Macpherson, Baron Macpherson of Earl's Court, GCB
• 2016-present: Sir Thomas Winfield Scholar, KCB

Second Secretary

From 1956, the Treasury was headed by two Joint Permanent Secretaries. One was responsible for management and had two Third Secretaries under him. The other was responsible for economic and financial policy which was divided into three groups: financial and monetary policy, under the Second Secretary (Finance); public expenditure and resources, under the Second Secretary (Resources and Expenditure); and economic policy.

• 1932-1942: Sir Richard Valentine Nind Hopkins, GCB, PC
• 1942-1948: Sir James Alan Noel Barlow, 2nd Baronet, GCB, KBE, FSA
• 1942-1943: Sir Frederick Phillips, GCMG, CB
• 1942-1952: Sir Crawfurd Wilfred Griffin Eady, GCMG, KCB, KBE
• 1944-1956: Sir Bernard William Gilbert, GCB, KBE
• 1947-1949: Sir Thomas Leslie Rowan, KCB, CVO
• 1948-1951: Sir Henry Wilson Smith, KCB, KBE
• 1951-1959: Sir Thomas Leslie Rowan, KCB, CVO
• 1952-1962: Sir Thomas Padmore, GCB
• 1953-1957: Sir Herbert Brittain, KCB, KBE
• 1963 (Nov.)-1964 (Apr.): Sir Maurice Joseph Dean, KCB, KCMG

A management review in 1975 created four main sectors, three head by a Second Permanent Secretary (Public Services, Domestic Economy and Overseas Finance), and the other being the Chief Economic Adviser. From 1982, the Deputy Secretaries in Domestic Economy reported directly to the Permanent Secretary at the Treasury.

See also Peter Browning, The Treasury and Economic Policy: 1964-1985 (Longman, 1986).

Department or divisional heads

By 1919, the Treasury was divided into three departments (Finance, Establishments, and Supply Services), each headed by a Controller who was broadly equivalent to a Permanent Secretary in other government departments. Finance and Supply were merged in 1927. From 1932, the system was overhauled and replaced by a divisional system headed by a Permanent Secretary, aided by a Second Secretary, with three under secretaries overseeing the three old departments. This was partly a product of economies following the 1931 economic crisis; the Department heads were down-graded to under-secretary grade and the number of deputy controllers reduced from two to one.

Finance

From 1919 to 1932:

• 1919-1922: Sir Basil Phillott Blackett, KCB, KCSI
• 1922-1927: Sir Otto Niemeyer, GBE, KCB
• 1927-1932: Sir Richard Valentine Nind Hopkins, GCB, PC (Controller, Finance and Supply)

From 1932:

• 1932-1939??: Sir Frederick Phillips, GCMG, CB (promoted to Third Secretary in 1939; Second Secretary in 1942)

Supply

From 1919 to 1927 (merged with Finance):

• 1919-1927: Sir George Lewis Barstow, KCB

From 1932:

• 1932-??: Sir James Alan Noel Barlow, 2nd Baronet, GCB, KBE, FSA

Establishments

From 1919 to 1932:

• 1919-1920: Sir Malcolm Graham Ramsey, KCB
• 1921-1932: Sir Robert Russell Scott, KCB, CSI, ISO (formerly Deputy Controller)

From 1932 (Under-Secretary, Establishments Division):

• 1932-1939: Sir James Rae, KCB, KBE
• 1939-1942: Sir Edward Herbert Ritson, KBE, CB (on loan)
• 1942-1946: Sir Henry Wilson Smith, KCB, KBE

Head of Women's Establishments (established 1920):

• 1920-1933: Dame Maude Lawrence, DBE

Second Permanent Secretary, Finance

Second Permanent Secretary (Finance)

• 1960-1968: Sir Denis Hubert Fletcher Rickett, KCMG, CB
• 1968 (June to December): Sir Samuel Goldman, KCB
• 1968-1971: Sir Frank Edward Figgures, KCB, CMG
• 1971-1972: Sir Alan Derrett Neale, KCB, MBE

Second Permanent Secretary (Overseas Finance)

• 1973-1977: Sir Derek Jack Mitchell, KCB, CVO
• 1977-1982: Sir Kenneth Edward Couzens, KCB
• 1983-1988: Sir James Geoffrey Littler, KCB
• 1989-2000: Sir Nigel Leonard Wicks, GCB, CVO, CBE (Director, International Finance)

Second Permanent Secretary, Payment and Management

Second Permanent Secretary (Payment and Management)

This position existed until 1966.

• 1960-1962: Burke Trend, Baron Trend, GCB, CVO, PC
• 1963-1966: Philip Allen, Baron Allen of Abbeydale, GCB
• 1966-1968: Sir Louis Petch, KCB

The post was revived in 1987.

• 1987-1990: Dame Anne Elisabeth Mueller, DCB, previously Second Permanent Secretary (Management and Personnel Office) at the Cabinet Office.

Second Permanent Secretary, Public Expenditure

Second Permanent Secretary (Resources and Expenditure)

• 1962-1965: Sir Richard William Barnes Clarke, KCB, OBE

Second Permanent Secretary (Public Sector)

• 1965-1968: Sir Richard William Barnes Clarke, KCB, OBE
• 1968: Sir David Radford Serpell, KCB, CMG, OBE
• 1969-1972: Sir Samuel Goldman, KCB
• 1972-1975: Sir Douglas Owen Henley, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary (Public Services)

• 1975-1976: Sir Douglas Owen Henley, KCB
• 1976-1977: Sir Leo Pliatzky, KCB
• 1977-1983: Sir Anthony Keith Rawlinson, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary (Public Expenditure)

• 1983-1985: Sir Alan Marshall Bailey, KCB
• 1985-1987: Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, KG, GCB, CVO
• 1987-1990: Sir John Anson, KCB
• 1990-1992: Sir Nicholas Jeremy Monck, KCB
• 1993-1994: Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull, KCB, CVO
• 1994-1998?: Sir Robert Paul Culpin (Director, Public Expenditure/Spending 1994-1998)

Second Permanent Secretary, Domestic Economy

Second Permanent Secretary (National Economy)

• 1973-1974: Sir Douglas William Gretton Wass, GCB

Second Permanent Secretary (Domestic Economy)

This position was created in 1975 under the management review and Lord was the first appointee. Ryrie was not replaced; the two Deputy Secretaries who reported to him instead reported directly to the Permanent Secretary.

• 1975-1977: Alan Lord, CB
• 1977-1979: Sir Lawrence Airey, KCB
• 1980-1982: Sir William Sinclair Ryrie, KCB

Second Permanent Secretary (since 1997)

• 1997–2001: Sir Stephen Arthur Robson, CB (also Managing Director, Finance, Regulation and Industry)
• 2007–2008: Sir John Oliver Frank Kingman, KCB (also Managing Director, Public Services and Growth)
• 2009-2013: Sir Thomas Whinfield Scholar, KCB
• 2012-2016: Sir John Oliver Frank Kingman, KCB
• 2013-2015: Sharon Michele White (succeeding Scholar)
• 2016-present: Charles Fergusson Roxburgh (succeeding Kingman)

Directors, Managing Directors and Directors-General

Note that in April 2011, the Treasury's structure changed with large Directorates (headed by Managing Directors) replaced by smaller director-led groups, clusters of which were overseen by Directors-General (with considerable continuity).

Budget and tax

Director, Spending

• 1994–1998: Sir Robert Paul Culpin

Managing Director, Budget and Public Finances

• 1999–2003: Sir Robert Paul Culpin
• 2003–2004: Nicholas Herbert Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford, CH, FRS, FBA (Head of Government Economic Service 2003-2005, and Head of the Review on Economics of Climate Change)
• 2004–2005: Nicholas Macpherson, Baron Macpherson of Earl's Court, GCB

Managing Director, Budget, Tax and Welfare

• 2006–2010: Mark Frost Neale, CB
• 2010–2011: Sir John Edward Astley Troup

Director-General, Tax and Welfare

• 2011–2012: Sir John Edward Astley Troup
• 2012–2015: Indra Morris
• 2015–2017: James Bowler
• 2017–present: Beth Russell

Finance, regulation and industry

In 2006, Finance and Industry Directorate was abolished; the Financial Services section was transferred to International Finance; the Enterprise and Growth Unit was transferred to Public Services (which was renamed the Public Services and Growth Directorate) with Kingman as its new Managing Director.

Managing Director, Finance, Regulation and Industry

• 1997–2001: Sir Stephen Arthur Robson, CB (Second Permanent Secretary)
• 2001: Sir Edward John Watson Gieve, KCB
• 2001–2002: Sir Jonathan Stephen Cunliffe, CB
• 2002–2006: James Sassoon, Baron Sassoon

Managing Director, Finance and Industry

• 2006: Sir John Oliver Frank Kingman, KCB

Government Financial Management

Managing Director, Government Financial Management

See under Government Finance Profession. Jointly held by the Head of the GFP since 1995; this was Professor Sir John Andrew Likierman, who was initially Director, Financial Management (and Reporting) at the Treasury.

Macroeconomic policy

Director, Macroeconomic Policy and Prospects

• 1998–2000: Gus O'Donnell, Baron O'Donnell, GCB

Managing Director, Macroeconomic Policy and International Finance

Formed by the merger of Macroeconomic Policy and Prospects Directorate and International Finance Directorate in 2000.

• 2000–2002: Gus O'Donnell, Baron O'Donnell, GCB
• 2002–2005: Sir Jonathan Stephen Cunliffe, CB

Second Permanent Secretary (Macroeconomic Policy and International Finance)

• 2005–2007: Sir Jonathan Stephen Cunliffe, CB

Managing Director, Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy

International Finance spun out to International and Finance in 2007.

• 2007–2011: Sir David Edward John Ramsden, CBE (and Chief Economic Adviser)

Director-General, Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy

• 2011–2017: Sir David Edward John Ramsden, CBE (and Chief Economic Adviser)

International, finance and Europe

International Finance was merged with Macroeconomic Policy and Prospects in 2000 (see above).

Director, International Finance

• ??–2000: Sir Nigel Leonard Wicks, GCB, CVO, CBE (also Second Permanent Secretary since 1989)

International Finance was spun back out of Macroeconomic Policy and International Finance in 2007.

Managing Director, International and Finance

• 2007–2009: Stephen John Pickford, CB
• 2008–2009: Sir Thomas Whinfield Scholar, KCB
• 2010–2011: Jonathan McLeod Grigor Taylor

Managing Director, International and Europe

• 2009–2011: Michael James Ellam, CB (under International and Finance; succeeded Pickford there).

Director-General, International and Europe

• 2011–2013: Michael James Ellam, CB
• 2013–present: Mark Bowman

Financial services

Spun out of International and Finance in 2011.

Director-General, Financial Services

• 2011–2012: Jonathan McLeod Grigor Taylor
• 2013–2016: Charles Fergusson Roxburgh
• 2016–present: Katharine Mary Braddick

Public services and spending

Managing Director, Public Services

• 1998–2001: Sir Edward John Watson Gieve, KCB (initially Director)
• 2001–2004: Nicholas Macpherson, Baron Macpherson of Earl's Court, GCB
• 2004–2006: Sir Jonathan Andrew de Sievrac Stephens, KCB

Managing Director, Public Services and Growth

• 2006–2008: Sir John Oliver Frank Kingman, KCB (also Second Permanent Secretary, 2007-2008)
• 2009–2011: Andrew Peter Hudson, CB

Director-General, Public Services

• 2011: Andrew Peter Hudson, CB

Director-General, Spending

• 2012-2013: Sharon Michelle White

Director-General, Public Spending and Finance

The role was merged with the Head of the Government Finance Profession into the Director-General, Public Spending and Finance, following a 2013 management review.

• 2014-2017: Julian Thomas Kelly

Director-General, Public Spending

The role was again split, with the Treasury retaining a Director-General, Public Spending, and some functions transferred to the Head of the Government Finance Function, a part-time role given to Mike Driver, Chief Financial Officer at the Ministry of Justice.

• 2017-present: James Bowler, CB

Personnel

Managing Director, Personnel, Accommodation and Information Services

• 1995–2000: Margaret O'Mara (Previously Director, Personnel)

Managing Director, Corporate Services and Development

• 2000–2004: Hilary Kay Douglas, CB

The office was not retained at Managing Director level. From 2007 to 2010, Louise Wendy Tullett, CBE, was Group Director, Finance and Procurement; Julian Thomas Kelly was Director, Finance, from 2011 to 2012. Kirstin Baker, CBE, succeeded him in 2013 and stepped down in March 2016.

Christopher Jon Martin, CB, CVO, was interim Director, Corporate Services, in 2009. Emma Lindsell was appointed Director, Corporate Services, in 2010. In 2011, Alison Cottrell, CB, was appointed Director for Corporate Services and was also jointly Director of Financial Services until she stepped down in 2015.

Chief Economic Adviser

• 2008-2018: Sir David Edward John Ramsden, CBE (and Head of the Government Economic Service; Managing Director, then Director-General)
• 2018-present: Clare Lombardelli (and Director-General, Economics)

Chief Executive, Office of Government Commerce

Second Permanent Secretary (and Chief Executive, Office of Government Commerce)

• 2004-2007: John Raymond Charles Oughton
• 2007-2010: Nigel Watkin Roberts Smith, CB

University Grants Committee

Chairman

• 1919-1930: Sir William Symington McCormick, GBE
• 1930-1934: Sir Walter Robert Buchanan-Riddell, 12th Baronet
• 1935-1949: Sir Walter Moberly, GBE, KCB, DSO
• 1949-1953: Sir Arthur Elijah Trueman, KBE, FRS
• 1953-1963: Keith Murray, Baron Murray of Newhaven, KCB
• 1963-1968: John Wolfenden, Baron Wolfenden, CBE
• 1968-1973: Sir Kenneth Ernest Berrill, GBE, KCB
• 1973-1978: Professor Frederick Dainton, Baron Dainton, FRS, FRSE
• 1978-1983: Professor Sir Edward Walter Parkes, DL, FREng
• 1983-1992: Professor Sir Henry Peter Francis Swinnerton-Dyer, 16th Baronet, KBE, FRS (Chief Executive, Universities Funding Council, from 1989 to 1991

War Office (1857-1964)

Merged into MoD.

• 1855-1857: Major-General Godfrey Charles Mundy
• 1857-1862: Sir Benjamin Hawes, KCB
• 1861 or 1862-1871: General Sir Edward Lugard, KCB
• 1871-1878: Hon. John Cranch Walker Vivian
• 1878-1895: Sir Ralph Wood Thompson, KCB, PC
• 1895-1897: Arthur Haliburton, 1st Baron Haliburton, GCB, DL
• 1897-1901: Sir Ralph Henry Knox, KCB, PC, VD
• 1901-1914: Sir Edward Willis Duncan Ward, 1st Baronet, GBE, KCB, KCVO
• 1914-1920: Sir Reginald Herbert Brade, GCB
• 1920-1939: Sir Herbert James Creedy, GCB, KCVO
• 1939-1942: Sir Percy James Grigg, KCB, KCSI, PC
• 1942-1945: Sir Frederick Carl Bovenschen, KCB, KBE, and Sir Eric Bourne Bentinck Speed, KCB, KBE, MC
• 1945-1948: Sir Eric Bourne Bentinck Speed, KCB, KBE, MC
• 1949-1956: Sir George Wilfred Turner, KCB, KBE
• 1956-1959: Sir Edward Wilder Playfair, KCB
• 1960-1963: Sir Richard George Kitchener Way, KCB, CBE
• 1963-1964: Sir Arthur Charles Walter Drew, KCB

Welsh Office (1965-1999)

• 1964-1969: Sir Goronwy Hopkin Daniel, KCVO
• 1969-1971: Sir Idwal Vaughan Pugh, KCB
• 1971-1980: Sir Hywel Wynn Evans, KCB
• 1980-1985: Sir Trevor Poulton Hughes, KCB
• 1985-1993: Sir Richard Anthony Lloyd Jones, KCB
• 1993-1996: Sir Michael Charles Scholar, KCB
• 1996-1999: Janis Rachel Lomax
• 1999: Sir Jon Deacon Shortridge, KCB

Ministry of Works (formerly Office of Works)

• 1851-1854?: T. W. Phillips
• 1854-1868: Alfred Austin, CB
• 1868-1874?: George Russell
• 1874-1886: John Freeman-Mitford, 1st Earl of Redesdale
• 1886-1895: Sir Henry William Primrose, KCB, CSI, ISO, PC
• 1895-1902: Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher, GCVO, KCB, PC, DL
• 1902-1912: Hon. Sir Schomberg Kerr McDonnell, GCVO, KCB, FSA
• 1912-1933: Sir Lionel Earle, GCVO, KCB, CMG
• 1933-1941: Sir Charles Patrick Duff, KCB, KCVO
• 1941-1943: Sir Geoffrey Granville Whiskard, KCB, KCMG
• 1943-1946: Sir Frederick Percival Robinson, KCB
• 1946-1956: Sir Harold Corti Emmerson, GCB, KCVO
• 1956-1962: Sir Edward Muir, KCB, FSA

Department for Work and Pensions (2001-present)

Formed out of DSS and elements of the DfEE.

Permanent Secretary

• 2001-2002: Janis Rachel Lomax
• 2002-2005: Sir Richard Clive Mottram, GCB
• 2005-2010: Sir Leigh Warren Lewis, KCB
• 2011-2018: Sir Robert John Devereux, KCB
• 2018-present: Peter Hugh Gordon Schofield, CB

Second Permanent Secretary

• 2002: Paul Richard Charles Gray, CB (and Managing Director, Pensions and Disability)
• 2005-2008: Dame Lesley Ann Strathie, DCB (and Chief Executive, Jobcentre Plus)
• 2012-2013: Terence Anthony Moran, CB

Agencies

• Jobcentre Plus (Chief Executive)
• Pension, Disability and Carers Service (Chief Executive)