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Draft:List of Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent

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The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries. Earlier Muslim conquests in the subcontinent include the invasions which started in the northwestern subcontinent (modern-day Pakistan), especially the Umayyad campaigns during the 8th century.

The following list is an overview of and topical guide to the English Wikipedia articles available about the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent.

First phase (8th to 10th centuries)

[edit]
Main article: Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent § First phase (8th to 10th centuries)

Add a one paragraph summary of this phase of the subject. It should reflect the content in above article section but should be a summary.

Event Name of the Kingdom Year of downfall Indian leader Muslim kingdom Muslim leader Notes
Umayyad conquest of Sindh Chacha dynasty 712 Dahir of Aror Umayyad Caliphate Muhammad ibn al-Qasim Sind (caliphal province).[1]
Arab Conquest of Maitrika Kingdom Maitraka Dynasty 789 Siladitya VII Abbasid Caliphate Amrubin Jamal Sind (caliphal province)[2]
Arab conquest of Kaikan Jats of Kaikan 9th century Qiyani Zutts Umayyad Caliphate Imran bin Musa al Barmaki Umayyad Caliphate.[3]

Second phase (11th to 12th centuries)

[edit]
Main article: Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent § Second phase (11th to 12th centuries

Add a one paragraph summary of this phase of the subject. It should reflect the content in above article section but should be a summary.

Event Name of the Kingdom Year of downfall Indian leader Muslim kingdom Muslim leader Notes
Arab conquest of Kaikan Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty 1018 Rajyapala Ghaznavid empire Mahmud of Ghazni Gurjara-Pratihara becomes a vassal state of the Ghaznavids.[4]
Ghaznavid campaigns in India Hindu Shahis 1026 Bhimpala Ghaznavid empire Mahmud of Ghazni Ghaznavid empire.[5]
Ghaznavid invasions of Kannauj Rashtrakutas of Kannauj 1090 Gopala Ghaznavid empire Mahmud of Punjab Gahadavala dynasty.[6]
Ghurid campaigns in India Later Guptas 12th century Samgramagupta Ghurid Dynasty Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji Ghurid Dynasty.[7]
Second Battle of Tarain Chahamanas of Shakambhari 1192 Prithviraj Chauhan Ghurid Dynasty Muhammad of Ghor Chauhans of Shakambhari becomes the vassal of Ghurids, later annexed to the Ghurid empire.[8]
Battle of Chandawar Gahadavala dynasty 1193 (according to Firista)
1123(according to Minhaj) 		Jayachandra Ghurid Dynasty Muhammad of Ghor
Iltutmish 		Gahadavala becomes a vassal of the Ghurids. Later annexed to Mamluk Sultanate.[9]
Siege of Gwalior (1196) Kachchhapaghata dynasty 1196 Sulakshanapala Ghurid Dynasty Qutb ud-Din Aibak Ghurid Dynasty.[10]
Battle of Kasahrada (1197) Chahamanas of Naddula 1197 Jayatasimha Ghurid Dynasty Qutb ud-Din Aibak Ghurid Dynasty.[11]

Third phase (13th to 16th centuries)

[edit]
Main article: Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent § Third phase (13th to 16th centuries)

Add a one paragraph summary of this phase of the subject. It should reflect the content in above article section but should be a summary.

Event Name of the Kingdom Year of downfall Indian leader Muslim kingdom Muslim leader Notes
Siege of Kalinjar Chandelas of Jejakabhukti 1202 Paramardi Ghurid Dynasty Qutb ud-Din Aibak Ghurid Dynasty.[12]
Ghurid conquest of Bengal Sena dynasty 1223 Virupaksha Sena
Keshav Sena 		Ghurid Dynasty Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji Khalji dynasty of Bengal.[13]
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura 1301 Hammiradeva Khalji dynasty Alauddin Khalji Khalji Sultanate.[14]
Siege of Chittorgarh (1303) Kingdom of Mewar (Guhila dynasty) 1303 Ratnasimha Khalji dynasty Alauddin Khalji Sisodia dynasty.[15]
Conquest of Sylhet Gour Kingdom 1303 Gour Govinda Bengal Sultanate Shamsuddin Firuz Shah Bengal Sultanate.[16]
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat Vaghela dynasty 1304 Karna Khalji dynasty Alauddin Khalji Khalji dynasty.[17]
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa Paramara dynasty 1305 Mahalakadeva Khalji dynasty Alauddin Khalji Khalji dynasty.[18]
Siege of Siwana Paramaras of Siwana 1308 Sitala Deva Khalji dynasty Alauddin Khalji Khalji Sultanate.[19]
Malik Kafur's invasion of the Pandya kingdom Chola Dynasty 1310 Koluttunga III Khalji dynasty Malik Kafur Khalji dynasty.[20]
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri Seuna (Yadava) dynasty 1311 Ramachandra of Devagiri Khalji dynasty Alauddin Khalji Vassal of Khalji Sultanate. Later annexation to Khalji Sultanate.[21]
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore Chahamanas of Jalor 1311 Kanhadadeva Khalji dynasty Alauddin Khalji Khalji dynasty.[22]
Malik Kafur's invasion of the Pandya kingdom Pandya dynasty 1311 Sundara Pandya Khalji dynasty Malik Kafur Khalji dynasty. (Except southernmost parts).[23]
Khalji raid against Yajvapalas Yajvapala dynasty 1312 Chandradeva Khalji dynasty Alauddin Khalji Alauddin Khalji.[24]
Siege of Warangal (1323) Kakatiya dynasty 1323 Prataparudra  (POW) Tughlaq Sultanate Muhammad bin Tughlaq Tughlaq Sultanate.[25]
Capture of Sinhagad Koli Ranas 1328 Nag Nayak of Sinhagad Tughlaq Sultanate Muhammad bin Tughlaq Tughlaq Sultanate.[26]
Fall of Kampili Kingdom Kampili Kingdom 1328 Kampilideva Tughlaq Sultanate Muhammad bin Tughlaq Tughlaq Sultanate.[27]
Fall of Mithila Karnats of Mithila 1324 Harisimhadeva (fled to Nepal) Tughlaq Sultanate Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq Tughlaq Sultanate.[28]
Shah Mir rebellion Lohara dynasty 1339 Queen Kota Shah Mir dynasty Shah Mir Shah Mir dynasty.[29]
Siege of Dwarasamudra Hoysala Kingdom 1346 Veera Ballala III Madurai Sultanate Ghiyas-ud-din of Madurai Vijayanagara Empire.[30]
Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1362–1367) Musunuri Nayakas 1368 Kanhaiyya Bahmani Sultanate Mohammed Shah I Bahmani Sultanate.[31]
Fall of Gondwana Kingdom of Kherla 1433 Narsingh Rai Malwa Sultanate Hoshang Shah Malwa Sultanate.[32]
Malwa Sultanate capture of Kalauli Yadavas of Karauli 1454 Chandrapal Malwa Sultanate Mahmud Khalji Malwa Sultanate.[33]
Fall of Junagadh Chudasama dynasty 1472 Mandalika III Gujarat Sultanate Mahmud Begada Gujarat Sultanate.[34]
History of Champaner Chauhans of Champaner 1484 Rawal Jai Singh Gujarat Sultanate Mahmud Begada Gujarat Sultanate.[35]
Capture of Janjira Kolis of Janjira 1489 Ram Patil Ahmadnagar Sultanate Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I Ahmadnagar Sultanate.[36]
Bengal Sultanate–Kamata Kingdom War Khen dynasty 1498 Nilambor Bengal Sultanate Alauddin Husain Shah Bengal Sultanate.[37]
Tomara dynasty Tomaras of Dholpur 1505 Vinayak Deva Lodi Sultanate Sikandar Khan Lodi Lodi Sultanate.[38]
Siege of Gwalior (1518) Tomaras of Gwalior 1518 Vikramjeet Tomar Lodi Sultanate Ibrahim Lodi Lodi Sultanate.[39]
Bengal Sultanate conquest of Mithila Oiniwar dynasty 1526 Kansnarayan Bengal Sultanate Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah Bengal Sultanate.[40]
Bengal Sultanate conquest of Orissa Chalukya rule in Orissa 1568 Mukunda Deva Bengal Sultanate Sulaiman Khan Karrani Bengal Sultanate.[41]
Conquest of Bakla Chandradwip Kingdom 1611 Ramachandra Basu Mughal Empire Islam Khan I Mughal Empire.[42]
Capture of Koch Hajo Koch Hajo 1613 Parikshit Mughal Empire Mukarram Khan Mughal Empire.[43]
Mughal conquest of Mewar Kingdom of Mewar (Sisodia dynasty) 1616 Amar Singh I Mughal Empire Shah Jahan Vassal of the Mughals.[44]
Siege of Orchha (1635) Bundela Rajputs of Orchha 1635 Jhujhar Singh Mughal Empire Aurangzeb Mughal empire.[45]
Mughal conquest of Baglana Rashtrakutas of Baglana 1637 Baharji Mughal Empire Aurangzeb Mughal Empire.[46]
Fall of Vijayanagar Vijayanagara Empire 1646 Sriranga III Bijapur Sultanate
Golconda Sultanate 		Mohammed Adil Shah
Abdullah Qutb Shah 		Deccan Sultanates.[47]
Fall of Madurai Nayaks Madurai Nayak dynasty 1736 Meenakshi Carnatic Sultanate Chanda Sahib Mughal Empire.[48]
Mysore invasion of Calicut Kingdom of Calicut 1757 Zamorin Mysore Sultanate Hyder Ali Mysore Sultanate.[49]
Campaigns of Hyder Ali Nayakas of Keladi 1763 Queen Virammaji Mysore Sultanate Hyder Ali Mysore Sultanate.[50]
Palakkad Fort Kingdom of Palakkad 1766 Palakkad Raja Mysore Sultanate Hyder Ali Mysore Sultanate.[51]
Campaigns of Hyder Ali Nayakas of Chitradurga 1779 Madakari Nayaka Mysore Sultanate Hyder Ali Mysore Sultanate.[52]

Fourth phase (17th to 18th centuries)

[edit]
Main article: Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent § Third phase (13th to 16th centuries)

Add a one paragraph summary of this phase of the subject. It should reflect the content in above article section but should be a summary.

Event Name of the Kingdom Year of downfall Indian leader Muslim kingdom Muslim leader Notes
Conquest of Bakla Chandradwip Kingdom 1611 Ramachandra Basu Mughal Empire Islam Khan I Mughal Empire.[42]
Capture of Koch Hajo Koch Hajo 1613 Parikshit Mughal Empire Mukarram Khan Mughal Empire.[43]
Mughal conquest of Mewar Kingdom of Mewar (Sisodia dynasty) 1616 Amar Singh I Mughal Empire Shah Jahan Vassal of the Mughals.[44]
Siege of Orchha (1635) Bundela Rajputs of Orchha 1635 Jhujhar Singh Mughal Empire Aurangzeb Mughal empire.[45]
Mughal conquest of Baglana Rashtrakutas of Baglana 1637 Baharji Mughal Empire Aurangzeb Mughal Empire.[46]
Fall of Vijayanagar Vijayanagara Empire 1646 Sriranga III Bijapur Sultanate
Golconda Sultanate 		Mohammed Adil Shah
Abdullah Qutb Shah 		Deccan Sultanates.[47]
Fall of Madurai Nayaks Madurai Nayak dynasty 1736 Meenakshi Carnatic Sultanate Chanda Sahib Mughal Empire.[48]
Mysore invasion of Calicut Kingdom of Calicut 1757 Zamorin Mysore Sultanate Hyder Ali Mysore Sultanate.[49]
Campaigns of Hyder Ali Nayakas of Keladi 1763 Queen Virammaji Mysore Sultanate Hyder Ali Mysore Sultanate.[50]
Palakkad Fort Kingdom of Palakkad 1766 Palakkad Raja Mysore Sultanate Hyder Ali Mysore Sultanate.[51]
Campaigns of Hyder Ali Nayakas of Chitradurga 1779 Madakari Nayaka Mysore Sultanate Hyder Ali Mysore Sultanate.[52]

Notes

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References

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  1. ^ Asif, Manan Ahmed (2016). A Book of Conquest: The Chachnama and Muslim Origins in South Asia. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-97241-4.
  2. ^ Patel, Kalahans (1996). Cultural Heritage of Gujarat. Good Companions. p. 106."life began to be disturbed with the first Arab attack on Vallabhi in 724 A.D., during Maitraka's rule. Other muslim attacks destroyed the Vallabhi and ended the Maitraka's rule in about 789 A.D"
  3. ^ Barve, Shashikant V. (1995). Introduction to Classical Arabic: A Contribution to Islamic and Oriental Studies. S.V. Barve. p. 451.
  4. ^ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. pp. 191–192. ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6.
  5. ^ Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age International. p. 343. ISBN 978-81-224-1198-0.
  6. ^ Kapoor, Subodh (2002). Ancient Hindu Society: Including Races, Dynasties, Politics, War, Law Enforcement, Social and Caste Systems, Economics, Life-style, Women, Traditions and Habits of the Ancient Indians. Cosmo Publications. p. 87. ISBN 978-81-7755-375-8.
  7. ^ The History and Culture of the Indian People: The struggle for empire. G. Allen & Unwin. 1951. p. 49.
  8. ^ Singh, R. B. (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore. p. 221.
  9. ^ Niyogi, Roma (1959). The History of the Gāhadavāla Dynasty. Calcutta Oriental Book Agency. pp. 113–120.
  10. ^ Lal, Srivastava Ashirbadi (1950). The Sultanate Of Delhi. Shiva Lal Agarwala and Co. p. 79.
  11. ^ Singh 1964, pp. 252–265.
  12. ^ Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal (1966). The Sultanate of Delhi, 711-1526 A.D.: Including the Arab Invasion of Sindh, Hindu Rule in Afghanistan and Causes of the Defeat of the Hindus in Early Medieval Age. Shiva Lal Agarwala. p. 81.
  13. ^ Majumdar, R. c. History Of Bengal Vol.1. p. 277. There is no doubt that the final extinction of the Sena power is due as much to the pressure of the Muslim invaders as to the rebellions of feudal chiefs
  14. ^ Hooja 2006, p. 308.
  15. ^ Lal, Kishori Saran (1968). History of the Khaljis, A.D. 1290-1320. Asia Publishing House. pp. 115–130.
  16. ^ Sufis of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Kitab Bhavan. 2002. p. 243. ISBN 978-81-7151-318-5.
  17. ^ Lal 1950, p. 82-87.
  18. ^ Lal, Kishori Saran (1968). History of the Khaljis, A.D. 1290-1320. Asia Publishing House. pp. 133–134.
  19. ^ Jackson, Peter (2003-10-16). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
  20. ^ Rai, Bhai Gulshan (1942). Early History of India. S. Chand & Company. p. 238.
  21. ^ Pandey, Awadh Bihari (1970). Early Medieval India. Central Book Depot. p. 125.
  22. ^ Lal 1950, p. 138.
  23. ^ Jackson, Peter (2003-10-16). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
  24. ^ Jackson, Peter (2003-10-16). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
  25. ^ Sastry, Putcha Vasudeva Parabrahma (1978). The Kākatiyas of Warangal. Government of Andhra Pradesh. pp. 135–139.
  26. ^ Sharma, Shripad Rama (1951). The Making of Modern India: From A. D. 1526 to the Present Day. Orient Longmans. p. 197.
  27. ^ Storm, Mary (2015-08-12). Head and Heart: Valour and Self-Sacrifice in the Art of India. Routledge. p. 311. ISBN 978-1-317-32556-7.
  28. ^ Chandreshwar Prasad Narayan Sinha (1979-01-04). Mithila Under the Karnatas, C. 1097-1325 A.D. pp. 121–122.
  29. ^ Majumdar, R. C. (2016-01-01). Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 362. ISBN 978-81-208-0435-7.
  30. ^ Allan, John; Haig, Sir Wolseley; Dodwell, Henry (1964). The Cambridge Shorter History of India. S. Chand. p. 172.
  31. ^ Talbot, Cynthia (2001-09-20). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-19-803123-9.
  32. ^ Mehta, Behram H. (1984). Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands: A Study of the Dynamics of Gond Society. Concept Publishing Company. p. 266.
  33. ^ Hooja 2006, p. 403.
  34. ^ Gupta, R. K.; Bakshi, S. R. (2008). Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.). Sarup & Sons. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-81-7625-841-8.
  35. ^ Saklani, Dinesh Prasad (1999). Cities & Sites of Ancient & Medieval India. Winsar Books. p. 71. ISBN 978-81-86844-08-3.
  36. ^ Yimene, Ababu Minda (2004). An African Indian Community in Hyderabad: Siddi Identity, Its Maintenance and Change. Cuvillier Verlag. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-3-86537-206-2.
  37. ^ Tamuly, D. N. (2013). The Blessed Island: A Selection of Writings on Majuli and the Neo-Vaishnavite Movement in Assam. Programme Production Centre (North-East), Doordarshan. p. 172.
  38. ^ Lal, Kishori Saran (1995). Growth of Scheduled Tribes and Castes in Medieval India. Aditya Prakashan. p. 57. ISBN 978-81-86471-03-6.
  39. ^ Misra, B. D. (1993). Forts and Fortresses of Gwalior and Its Hinterland. Manohar Publishers and Distributors. p. 147. ISBN 978-81-7304-047-4.
  40. ^ Mishra, Amar Kant (2018-11-23). Ruling Dynasty Of Mithila: Dr.Sir Kameswar Singh. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-64429-762-9.
  41. ^ Pradhan, Atul Chandra (1984). A Study of History of Orissa: From the Earliest Times to Mukundadeva. Panchashila. p. 124.
  42. ^ a b Sengupta, Nitish K. (2001). History of the Bengali-speaking People. UBS Publishers' Distributors. p. 110. ISBN 978-81-7476-355-6.
  43. ^ a b Saikia, Mohini Kumar (1978). Assam-Muslim Relation and Its Cultural Significance. Luit Printers. p. 133.
  44. ^ a b Richards, John F. (1993). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
  45. ^ a b Others, Muzaffar H. Syed & (2022-02-20). History of Indian Nation : Medieval India. K. K. Publications.
  46. ^ a b Quddusi, Mohd Ilyas (2002). Khandesh Under the Mughals, 1601-1724 A.D.: Mainly Based on Persian Sources. Islamic Wonders Bureau. ISBN 978-81-87763-21-5.
  47. ^ a b Bisschop, Peter C.; Cecil, Elizabeth A. (2020-11-09). Primary Sources and Asian Pasts. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-11-067426-2.
  48. ^ a b Balendu Sekaram, Kandavalli (1975). The Nayaks of Madura. Hyderabad: Andhra Pradesh Sahithya Akademi. OCLC 4910527.
  49. ^ a b Nair, K. K. (2013). By Sweat and Sword: Trade, Diplomacy and War in Kerala Through the Ages. KK Nair. p. 245. ISBN 978-81-7304-973-6.
  50. ^ a b Fernandes, Praxy (1991). The Tigers of Mysore: A Biography of Hyder Ali & Tipu Sultan. Viking. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-670-83987-2.
  51. ^ a b Footprint India. Footprint Handbooks. 2005. p. 946. ISBN 978-1-904777-43-4.
  52. ^ a b Mysore State, 1956-1966. Director of Publicity & Information, Government of Mysore. 1966. p. 95.

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