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EEBUS (/iː|iː|bʌs/) is a protocol suite for the Internet of things that aims to standardize the interface between electrical consumers, producers, storages, and (logical) managing entities. It builds on the Internet Protocol and related standards and is meant to be highly generic, cross-domain applicable, open, and free to the public. While its main area of application is the Energy demand management, data exchange, and control of appliances it is also specified for Home automation.[1] A business logic is not specified by EEBUS.[2] The EEBus Initiative e.V. is the non-profit association that manages and supports the standardization of EEBUS.

History

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EEBUS was developed in response to the growing number of domain-specific (bus) protocols that made an integration of physical devices into larger systems challenging.[3][4] As a consequence of the complexity and diversity of individual approaches, the design of integrated systems was, at that time, achieved by proprietary solutions. With the global trends of electrification and Energy transition, the need for better system integration of electrical consumers from all industries was perceived an important goal and thus analyzed in the E-Energy research project Smart Watts[5][6][7][8] consequently, manufacturers from the following domains started to collaborate to standardize interfaces:

Structure of EEBUS

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The protocol stack is composed of two protocols. On the OSI model's transport layer, the so called Smart Home IP is used,[9] while the higher-layer functionality is subsumed as SPINE (Smart Premises Interoperable Neutral Message Exchange).[10]

High-level use cases that allow the implementation of a business logic for a company make use of the EEBUS SPINE specification.

Since 2016, all released documents are available free of charge[10][11] on the website of EEBus Initiative e.V. after a free registration: Media & Downloads The specification of the lower ISO/OSI layers and the specification for the application layer are fully released.

Standardization

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The standardization of the EEBUS protocol suite is driven by the members of the EEBus Initiative e.V. The collaboration is organized in working groups. The current set of working groups is HVAC, inverters, white goods, grid interaction, and e-mobility. New working groups can be initiated by EEBUS members at will.[10]

Energy management in the context of electric vehicles has been harmonized with ISO 15118.[12] The Ontology of EEBUS has been standardized in the ETSI SAREF standard.[13]

Adoption

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Membership

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The number of members varies from year to year and depending on sources, starting from "more than 50" (in 2019),[14] "about 60"[11] (in 2016), or even 70 members (in 2019).[15] The EEBus initiative's website[16] lists 61 members as of 2020.

Commercial/industry application

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The EEBUS standard has been adopted by manufacturers of electric cars, Home Energy Management Systems, HVAC manufacturers, and others. The most prominent example showing the maturity of the EEBUS standard is a fully functional ecosystem involving photovoltaic panels for local electricity generation, an energy manager, charging equipment, and an Audi e-tron.[17][18] Other examples that build on the same logic include the non-domestic application for cooling supermarkets.[19]

Microsoft has decided to implement EEBUS on their embedded platform Azure Sphere.[15]

Research/academia

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The standard is also utilized in pan-European research and commercial projects that deal with the integration of different electric appliances at the grid connection point of a dwelling.

For instance, an implementation in 240 residential Dutch homes has been successfully tested within the REnovates project.[20]

The Interconnect project has been launched in October 2019 to further specify, implement and test smart grid applications based on EEBUS and KNX to ensure interoperability among different vendors and distribution system operators.[21][22]

Partnerships

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Reception/criticism

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Entry barrier

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The participation in working groups and the availability of draft and release candidate versions of the specifications is bound to an EEBUS membership. (10.000 EUR per year; 5.000 EUR if the company's turnover is below 5 Million EUR and the company has less than 50 employees.[33])

No royalty-free reference implementation

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Former EEBUS member grandcentrix expressed concerns about the lack of a royalty-free reference implementation, saying this was the core reason the standard does not see broader adoption.[14]

References

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  1. ^ Redazione (26 June 2017). "IoT and energy management". Home Appliances World. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
  2. ^ AG, Infineon Technologies. "Infineon joins EEBus Initiative e.V., supporting the standardization for energy management systems - Infineon Technologies". www.infineon.com. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
  3. ^ Happich, Julien (7 September 2014). "The EEBus for an efficient European smart grid". eeNews. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  4. ^ Willrett, Ursel (31 October 2018). "Electric vehicles – enablers for the energy transition?". Netzintegration der Elektromobilität 2018. Proceedings. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg. pp. 56–65. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-23393-8_6. ISBN 978-3-658-23392-1.
  5. ^ "EEBus Technologie: Auf dem Weg zum Standard". Gebäude digital. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  6. ^ Schiller, Kai. "Für das Internet of Things und das Smart Home". Home&Smart. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  7. ^ Allerding, Florian (23 April 2014). Organic Smart Home - Energiemanagement für Intelligente Gebäude. pp. 166–167. doi:10.5445/KSP/1000038928. ISBN 9783731501817.
  8. ^ "EEBus". TÜV Rheinland. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  9. ^ Sieg, Mirco (24 February 2016). "Verstehen wir uns richtig?". pv magazine. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  10. ^ a b c Lang, Hagen. "Interview mit Josef Baumeister, EEBUS". elektroniknet. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  11. ^ a b Hammerschmidt, Christoph (19 May 2016). "IoT standard EEBus now available for everyone". smart2zero. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  12. ^ Beister, Detlef (12 September 2017). Sector coupling in smart homes in an 'All Electric Society'. Proceedings. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg. pp. 145–154. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-19293-8_16. ISBN 978-3-658-19292-1.
  13. ^ Daniele, Laura; Solanki, Monika; den Hartog, Frank; Roes, Japser (23 September 2016). Interoperability for Smart Appliances in the IoT World. Cham: Springer. pp. 21–29. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46547-0_3. ISBN 978-3-319-46546-3.
  14. ^ a b Rottmann, Ralf (10 February 2019). "Will Microsoft joining EEBUS finally bring us an open source reference implementation?". grandcentrix. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  15. ^ a b Slovick, Murray. "Audi e-tron Uses EEBUS for Car-to-Grid Energy Communications". ElectronicDesign. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  16. ^ "About us". EEBus Initiative e.V. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  17. ^ Walz, Eric. "Audi e-tron is the First EV Using the EEBUS Standard for Charging". FutureCar. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  18. ^ "Audi promotes EEBUS Standard for Intelligent Connection of Electric Cars and Buildings". Volkswagen AG. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  19. ^ "Danfoss JV targets supermarket control". Cooling Post. 26 January 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  20. ^ "Largest residential project on aggregated energy services making use of EEBUS and running Enervalis' Smartpower Suite©". Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  21. ^ "Interconnect verbindet Gebäude und Netze intelligent miteinander". Energie & Management. Retrieved 9 February 2020. (Subscription required.)
  22. ^ "Interoperable Solutions Connecting Smart Homes, Buildings and Grids (". CORDIS (Community Research and Development Information Service). European Commission. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  23. ^ "Elektrofahrzeuge: EEBus und Open Charge Alliance kooperieren".
  24. ^ Mauser, Ingo (2017). Multi-modal Building Energy Management (PhD). KIT, Karlsruhe. doi:10.5445/IR/1000070625. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  25. ^ "Collaborations". Energy@home. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  26. ^ Magenheim-Hörmann, Thomas (5 August 2018). "Geräte sprechen sich ab". FR.de. Frankfurter Rundschau. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  27. ^ Kling, Bernd (September 2016). "IoT: EEBus und Thread Group kündigen Zusammenarbeit an". ZDNet. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  28. ^ Wilhelm, Fritz. "Google-Ableger kooperiert mit EEBus-Initiative". Energie & Management. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  29. ^ Davies, Alexis. "Sigma opens up Z-Wave standard in smart home expansion". ReTHINK. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  30. ^ "The Thread Group and EEBus Create Liaison Agreement to Accelerate Adoption of Interoperable Solutions in Connected Home". Thread Group. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  31. ^ Wintermayr, Peter. "So hilft das Smart Home bei der Energiewende". Smarthouse Pro. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  32. ^ "Major European Alliances are closing the gap between Smart Grid and Smart Home". ESMIG. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  33. ^ "Contribution rules of EEBUS e.V." EEBus Initiative e.V. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
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