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Draft:Chattel slavery in the Americas

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On Board a Slave-Ship, engraving by Swain c. 1835

Chattel slavery is one of the many forms of slavery that took place throughout history.

Authors state that there have only existed five slave societies in history. A slave society is one where the main economic system is mainly based on slavery. These five societies included Greek empire, Roman Empire, Spanish Caribbean, Portuguese Brazil and the American South.

Chattel slavery is characterized by the presence of a combination of certain factors. These include: -lifelong slavery -hereditary slavery -slavery based on race -debt is passed on to descendants (inherited) -slaves are considered private property. Chattel slavery took place during European colonialism, particularly that of the English, Dutch, French, Spanish and Portuguese. During European colonialism, chattel slavery was characterized by being based on the color of the skin.

In chattel slavery, extreme forms of cruelty were practiced including rape, family separation, national separation. National separation took place so that slaves were isolated and could not communicate and organize.

In Africa, chattel slavery did not take place, even though slave suppliers sold people to European slavers who would enter the slaves into the chattel system.

Indigenous peoples also were victims of chattel slavery in certain places and certain historical periods such as ... Cuzco, mexican mines, slave plantations in the caribbean.

Chattel slavery ended beginning with the Haitian revolution, and other revolts and independence wars from European colonial empires. The last remnants of chattel slavery was the American south in 18xx and Brazil in 18xxx.


As a social institution, chattel slavery classes slaves as chattels (personal property) owned by the enslaver; like livestock, they can be bought and sold at will.[1] Chattel slavery was practiced in places such as the Roman Empire and classical Greece, where it was considered a keystone of society.[2][3][4] Other places where it was extensively practiced include Medieval Egypt,[5] Subsaharan Africa,[6] Brazil, the United States and parts of the Caribbean such as Cuba and Haiti.[7][8]

Historically, the only places where slavery was inherited from mother to children has been Greece, Rome and the Americas. The only places where it has been based on the color of the skin has been in the Americas.

Slavery in Brazil, by Jean-Baptiste Debret


APOLOGIES

The church in England has apologized for its role in slavery. [9][10]

  1. ^ Brace, Laura (2004). The Politics of Property: Labour, Freedom and Belonging. Edinburgh University Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-7486-1535-3. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
  2. ^ Keith Bradley (March 7, 2016). "slavery, Roman". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.7311. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved June 27, 2023. chattel-slavery, whereby the slave‐owner enjoyed complete mastery (dominium) over the slave's physical being […] was evident throughout the central era of Roman history, and in Roman no less than Greek thought was regarded as both the necessary antithesis of civic freedom
  3. ^ Bradley, Keith (November 2, 2020). "'The Bitter Chain of Slavery': Reflections on Slavery in Ancient Rome". Harvard University. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
  4. ^ Finley, Moses I. (1980). Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology. Viking Press. p. 71. ISBN 9780670122776.
  5. ^ Alexander, J. (2001). "Islam, Archaeology and Slavery in Africa". World Archaeology. 33 (1): 51. doi:10.1080/00438240120047627. JSTOR 00438243. Chattel-slaves were needed, especially from the ninth to thirteenth centuries, in the gold and emerald (carbuncle) mines of the Wadi Allaqi in the deserts east of the Nile's 2nd Cataract
  6. ^ Burkholder, Mark A.; Johnson, Lyman L. (2019). "1. America, Iberia, and Africa Before the Conquest". Colonial Latin America (10th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 10. Wealth rested heavily on the possession of slaves across the large empires of West Africa as well as in Benin and other kingdoms […] Slave owners in sub-Saharan Africa also employed their chattel in a variety of occupations.
  7. ^ Bergad, Laird W. (2007). The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57, 132, 165, 166. ISBN 9780521872355.
  8. ^ Slavery and Social Death : A Comparative Study, Orlando (1982). Patterson. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. X. ISBN 9780674986909.
  9. ^ Calvert, Alana (2022-06-17). "Archbishop of Canterbury calls church's slave trade links a 'source of shame'". The Independent. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  10. ^ Green, Alex (2023-01-31). "Apology from CofE fund boss at exhibition exploring historic links with slavery". The Independent. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
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