CNA Agar
Columbia Nalidixic Acid (CNA) agar is a growth medium used for the isolation and cultivation of bacteria from clinical and non-clinical specimens. CNA agar contains antibiotics (nalidixic acid and colistin) that inhibit Gram-negative organisms, aiding in the selective isolation of Gram-positive bacteria.[1] Gram-positive organisms that grow on the media can be differentiated on the basis of hemolysis.
Uses
[edit]CNA agar is commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories to isolate pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, diphtheroids, and Listeria from clinical specimens.[1] A common use for CNA agar is commonly used for the detection of Streptococcus agalactiae carriage in pregnant women.[2] It is also effective for the isolation of Gram-positive anaerobes when incubated under anaerobic conditions.[3]
CNA agar is supplemented with sheep blood to facilitate the growth of more fastidious Gram-positive organisms[4] such as Streptococcus and Enterococcus. The sheep blood allows for the presumptive identification of some species of bacteria on the basis of hemolysis. Beta hemolytic organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes will produce colonies surrounded with a clear zone. Alpha hemolytic organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae[5] and viridans streptococci will produce colonies surrounded by a light to dark green zone.
Although CNA agar is formulated to select for Gram-positive bacteria, microbiologists working with this media should be aware of its limitations. Gram-negative rods that are resistant to quinolones and polymyxins may grow on the media.[6] Additionally, Candida and other molds are not inhibited by the antibiotics. Gram-positive aerobic spore forming bacteria such as Bacillus are also usually inhibited by the media.[citation needed]
Contents
[edit]The addition of peptones into the agar provides the growth factors required by the bacteria to grow.[7] Casein also provides a source of amino acids for organisms with fastidious growth requirements such as Lactobacillus brevis.[8] It contains the antibiotics colistin and nalidixic acid which inhibit the growth of many gram-negative bacteria.[citation needed]
Composition
[edit]Source:[6]
- Casein peptone - 12.0 g
- Meat peptone - 5.0 g
- Sodium chloride - 5.0 g
- Beef extract - 3.0 g
- Yeast extract 3.0 g
- Corn starch 1.0 g
- Colistin - 10.0 mg
- Nalidixic acid - 10.0 mg
- Sheep blood - 5%
- Agar - 13.5 g
- Demineralized water 1000.0 ml
History
[edit]CNA agar was developed by Ellner et al. at Columbia university in 1965 while trying to develop an agar base that would enhance the hemolysis of Streptococcus pyogenes.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Atlas, R M; Snyder, J W (2011). "Reagents, Stains, and Media: Bacteriology". In Versalovic, James; American Society for Microbiology (eds.). Manual of clinical microbiology (10th ed.). Washington, DC: ASM Press. ISBN 978-1-55581-463-2. OCLC 657027913.
- ^ El Aila, Nabil A; Tency, Inge; Claeys, Geert; Saerens, Bart; Cools, Piet; Verstraelen, Hans; Temmerman, Marleen; Verhelst, Rita; Vaneechoutte, Mario (Dec 2010). "Comparison of different sampling techniques and of different culture methods for detection of group B streptococcus carriage in pregnant women". BMC Infectious Diseases. 10 (1): 285. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-285. ISSN 1471-2334. PMC 2956727. PMID 20920213.
- ^ Baron, E J; Thomson, R B (2011). "Specimen Collation, Transport, and Processing: Bacteriology". In Versalovic, James; American Society for Microbiology (eds.). Manual of clinical microbiology (10th ed.). Washington, DC: ASM Press. ISBN 978-1-55581-463-2. OCLC 657027913.
- ^ Golberg, R L; Washington JA, I I (Sep 1976). "Comparison of isolation of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale) from peptone-starch-dextrose agar and Columbia colistin-nalidoxic acid agar". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 4 (3): 245–247. doi:10.1128/jcm.4.3.245-247.1976. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 274444. PMID 1085777.
- ^ McDevitt, Erin; Khan, Faidad; Scasny, Anna; Thompson, Courtney D.; Eichenbaum, Zehava; McDaniel, Larry S.; Vidal, Jorge E. (2020-12-23). Johnson, Michael David Leslie (ed.). "Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Streptococcus pneumoniae Results in Alpha-hemolysis by Oxidation of Oxy-hemoglobin to Met-hemoglobin". mSphere. 5 (6). doi:10.1128/mSphere.01117-20. ISSN 2379-5042. PMC 7729260. PMID 33298575.
- ^ a b Remel (Oct 2011). "Columbia CNA Agar w/ 5% Sheep Blood" (PDF).
- ^ Manual of Microbiological Culture Media (Technical report). Becton, Dickinson, and Company. 2009. 161-2.
- ^ Bonnet, M.; Lagier, J.C.; Raoult, D.; Khelaifia, S. (Mar 2020). "Bacterial culture through selective and non-selective conditions: the evolution of culture media in clinical microbiology". New Microbes and New Infections. 34: 100622. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100622. PMC 6961714. PMID 31956419.
- ^ Ellner, PD; Stoessel, CJ; Drakeford, E; Vasi, F (April 1966). "A new culture medium for medical bacteriology". Am J Clin Pathol. 45 (4): 502–4. doi:10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.502. PMID 5325709. Retrieved 13 March 2023.