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Bruno Lemaitre

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Bruno Lemaitre
Bruno Lemaitre in 2016
Born (1965-09-21) September 21, 1965 (age 59)
NationalityFrench
Known forRole of Toll-like receptors in innate immunity
Academic background
Alma materÉcole Normale Supérieure
Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie
ThesisRegulation of P element transposition in Drosophila (1992)
Doctoral advisorDario Coen
Academic work
DisciplineImmunology
Sub-disciplineInnate Immunity
InstitutionsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Websitehttps://www.epfl.ch/labs/lemaitrelab/

Bruno Lemaitre (French pronunciation: [bʁyno ləmɛtʁ]; born (1965-09-21)September 21, 1965 in Lille, France) is a French immunologist and a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). His research focuses on the mechanisms of innate immunity and endosymbiosis in Drosophila.[1] Lemaitre has also authored several books on the topic of narcissism in science.[2][3] and a book on the philosophy of Michael Polanyi.

Career

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Lemaitre obtained a PhD in genetics from the Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie in 1992, defending a thesis on the regulation of P element transposition in Drosophila.[4][5] He then pursued work as research associate in the laboratory of Jules Hoffmann, where he identified Toll-like receptors as essential mediators of innate immunity in Drosophila.[6] This work was considered as a landmark paper by the Nobel prize committee and was featured in the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Hoffmann.[7][8][9] In 1998, he was appointed group leader at the Molecular Genetics Center of the French National Center for Scientific Research in Gif-sur-Yvette. He moved to EPFL in 2007 as a full professor within the Global Health Institute.[4]

Lemaitre has since 2016 published several books and essays related to the topic of narcissism in science[10][11][12] and society.[13][14] He is co-author of various MOOCs and an exercise book in French on the topic of immunology.[15][9]

Research

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The Lemaitre laboratory studies various aspects of innate immunity using Drosophila as a genetic model.[1] The laboratory uses genetic screens as tools to identify novel factors involved in the immune response following microbial infection. His team has contributed to the better understanding the role of the Toll and NF-κB pathways in the activation of bacterial defense, as well as how the host's immune system discriminates between different bacterial pathogens.[16][17][18][19] Lemaitre also studies host-microbiota interactions,[20] and more specifically how the microbiota influences gut homeostasis and morphology.[21]

Another aspect of interest to Lemaitre is to decipher the roles and mechanisms of the interactions occurring between Drosophila and its endosymbionts of the spiroplasma genus.[22][23][24]

Distinctions

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Lemaitre received two Advanced Grants from the European Research Council for projects on gut immunity and homeostasis (2008) and Drosophila-Spiroplasma interactions (2013).[25]

Lemaitre was elected as an EMBO member in 2007.[26]

He received several research prizes, such as the Noury, Thorlet, Lazare Prize from the French Academy of Sciences (2001), the First Prize of the Schlumberger Foundation (2002), the William B. Coley Award for distinguished research in basic and tumor immunology (2003), the Lucien Tartois Prize from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (2006) and the Liliane Bettencourt Prize for Life Science (2010).[27]

See also

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Bibliography

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  • Bruno Lemaitre An essay on Science and Narcissism: How do high-ego personalities drive research? (2016. Published by Quanto in 2019)
  • Bruno Lemaitre Les dimensions de l'égo (Quanto, 2019) ISBN 2-88915-293-6
  • Lemaitre, Bruno (2022). Michael Polanyi : Le scientifique qui voulait réenchanter le monde (in French). Lausanne. ISBN 978-2-88915-502-6. OCLC 1351796396.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Petrignani, Bianca; Clavarino, Giovanna; Lemaitre, Bruno (24 September 2020). Immunologie exercices: QCM, questions de cours et problèmes résolus. EPFL Press. ISBN 978-2-88915-361-9.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Research". www.epfl.ch. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  2. ^ "Les dimensions de l'égo - Séduction, dominance, manipulation: la société à l'épreuve des narcissiques - Bruno Lemaitre". EPFL Press. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  3. ^ "An Essay on Science and Narcissism - How do high-ego personalities drive research ? - Bruno Lemaitre". EPFL Press. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  4. ^ a b ORCID. "Bruno Lemaitre (0000-0001-7970-1667)". orcid.org. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  5. ^ Lemaitre, B.; Coen, D. (1991-05-15). "P regulatory products repress in vivo the P promoter activity in P-lacZ fusion genes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 88 (10): 4419–4423. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.4419L. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.10.4419. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 51671. PMID 1852009.
  6. ^ Lemaitre, Bruno; Nicolas, Emmanuelle; Michaut, Lydia; Reichhart, Jean-Marc; Hoffmann, Jules A. (1996-09-20). "The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults" (PDF). Cell. 86 (6): 973–983. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80172-5. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 8808632. S2CID 10736743.
  7. ^ Goudet, Jean-Luc. "Nobel de médecine 2011 : 2 prix, dont un au Français Jules Hoffmann". Futura (in French). Retrieved 2021-01-05.
  8. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2021-01-05.
  9. ^ a b "Bruno Lemaitre". Retrieved 2021-01-05.
  10. ^ correspondent, Hannah Devlin Science (2017-01-20). "Science falling victim to 'crisis of narcissism'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-10-01. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  11. ^ "The Narcissistic Scientist". The Scientist Magazine®. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  12. ^ Lemaitre, Bruno (2017). "Science, narcissism and the quest for visibility". The FEBS Journal. 284 (6): 875–882. doi:10.1111/febs.14032. ISSN 1742-4658. PMID 28186693. S2CID 24842416.
  13. ^ "Recherche scientifique : " Les personnalités narcissiques aiment les situations de crise "". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2020-05-16. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  14. ^ "Egos en mal de reconnaissance". www.laliberte.ch (in French). 6 December 2019. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  15. ^ Petrignani, Bianca; Clavarino, Giovanna; Lemaitre, Bruno; Meystre, Alain (2020). Immunologie exercices : QCM, questions de cours et problèmes résolus (in French). Lausanne. ISBN 978-2-88915-361-9. OCLC 1200041708.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  16. ^ De Gregorio, Ennio; Spellman, Paul T.; Tzou, Phoebe; Rubin, Gerald M.; Lemaitre, Bruno (2002-06-03). "The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila". The EMBO Journal. 21 (11): 2568–2579. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.11.2568. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 126042. PMID 12032070.
  17. ^ Leulier, François; Parquet, Claudine; Pili-Floury, Sebastien; Ryu, Ji-Hwan; Caroff, Martine; Lee, Won-Jae; Mengin-Lecreulx, Dominique; Lemaitre, Bruno (May 2003). "The Drosophila immune system detects bacteria through specific peptidoglycan recognition". Nature Immunology. 4 (5): 478–484. doi:10.1038/ni922. ISSN 1529-2908. PMID 12692550. S2CID 2430114.
  18. ^ Tzou, Phoebe; De Gregorio, Ennio; Lemaitre, Bruno (2002-02-01). "How Drosophila combats microbial infection: a model to study innate immunity and host–pathogen interactions". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 5 (1): 102–110. doi:10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00294-1. ISSN 1369-5274. PMID 11834378.
  19. ^ Vodovar, Nicolas; Vinals, Marisa; Liehl, Peter; Basset, Alan; Degrouard, Jeril; Spellman, Paul; Boccard, Frédéric; Lemaitre, Bruno (2005-08-09). "Drosophila host defense after oral infection by an entomopathogenic Pseudomonas species". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (32): 11414–11419. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10211414V. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502240102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1183552. PMID 16061818.
  20. ^ Broderick, Nichole A.; Lemaitre, Bruno (2012-07-14). "Gut-associated microbes of Drosophila melanogaster". Gut Microbes. 3 (4): 307–321. doi:10.4161/gmic.19896. ISSN 1949-0976. PMC 3463489. PMID 22572876.
  21. ^ Broderick, Nichole A.; Buchon, Nicolas; Lemaitre, Bruno (2014-07-01). "Microbiota-Induced Changes in Drosophila melanogaster Host Gene Expression and Gut Morphology". mBio. 5 (3): e01117-14. doi:10.1128/mBio.01117-14. ISSN 2150-7511. PMC 4045073. PMID 24865556.
  22. ^ Herren, Jeremy K.; Lemaitre, Bruno (September 2011). "Spiroplasma and host immunity: activation of humoral immune responses increases endosymbiont load and susceptibility to certain Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster". Cellular Microbiology. 13 (9): 1385–1396. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01627.x. ISSN 1462-5822. PMID 21740495. S2CID 18141770.
  23. ^ Herren, Jeremy K.; Paredes, Juan C.; Schüpfer, Fanny; Lemaitre, Bruno (2013-05-01). "Vertical Transmission of a Drosophila Endosymbiont Via Cooption of the Yolk Transport and Internalization Machinery". mBio. 4 (2). doi:10.1128/mBio.00532-12. ISSN 2150-7511. PMC 3585447. PMID 23462112.
  24. ^ Paredes, Juan C.; Herren, Jeremy K.; Schüpfer, Fanny; Lemaitre, Bruno (2016-09-07). "The Role of Lipid Competition for Endosymbiont-Mediated Protection against Parasitoid Wasps in Drosophila". mBio. 7 (4). doi:10.1128/mBio.01006-16. ISSN 2150-7511. PMC 4958261. PMID 27406568.
  25. ^ "ERC FUNDED PROJECTS". ERC: European Research Council. Archived from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  26. ^ "Find people in the EMBO Communities". people.embo.org. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  27. ^ "Science Magazine - 17 December 2010 - page135". www.sciencemagazinedigital.org. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
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