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Bishop of Lausanne

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Lausanne Cathedral.
Model of Lausanne Cathedral.

The Bishop of Lausanne (French: Évêque de Lausanne) was the principal ecclesiastical authority of the Catholic Diocese of Lausanne (Latin: Dioecesis Lausannensis).

History

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King Rudolphe I of Burgundy granted the Church of Lausanne the privilege of electing its own bishop on 28 January 895.[1]

On 25 August 1011, at the request of Queen Ermengarde, Archbishop Burchard of Lyon (the king's brother), Bishop Hugues of Geneva, and Bishop Anselme of Aosta, the county of Vaud with all its rights and privileges was granted to Bishop Henri of Lausanne and his successors by King Rudolphe III of Burgundy.[2][3]

It is claimed that the bishops of Lausanne[4] were granted the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1270.[5] The deed of grant is published by Jean Joseph Hisely in his work on the comtes de Genevois, but it bears the date 28 September 1273, not 1270. It states that the grant was requested by Pope Gregory X in person, on the very day on which he presided at the consecration of the cathedral of Lausanne.[6] On 28 September 1273, however, Pope Gregory was in Reggio Emiliana, on his way to France for the Second Council of Lyon.[7] The cathedral of Lausanne was consecrated by Gregory X in 1275, not 1273, and on 20 October, not 28 September.[8] The deed of grant has been labelled a forgery.[9]

In the 15th century, the bishops of Lausanne still styled themselves episcopus et comes.[10]

The Sovereign Council of Bern secularized the bishopric in 1536.[11] Bishop Sébastien de Montfalcon fled into exile, first in Évian-les-Bains, and then in Burgundy.

Since 1924, the dioceses have been combined as the Catholic of Fribourg, Lausanne, and Geneva,[12] which has its episcopal seat in Fribourg.

Bishops

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Bishops of Avenches

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Bishops of Lausanne 574-1814

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To 1200

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From 1200 to 1400

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Aymon Séchal administrator (1394)[48]

From 1400 to 1600

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Barthélémy Chuet, administrator (1469-1472)[53]

From 1600 to 1814

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Bishops of Lausanne and Geneva 1821-1924

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Bishops of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg from 1924

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Notes and references

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  1. ^ Schmitt (1858), Mémoires historiques sur le Diocèse de Lausanne, I pp. 281-282. Conon d'Estavayer, pp. 53-54: "Constituentes omnimodis ut quando proprium rectorem Morte interueniente, filii frequenter prelibate Lausannensis amiserint ecclesie, habeant liberam potestatem secundum canonicam institutionem eligendi sicubi dignius repperiri voluerint de propria ecclesia pastorem. Si autem quod non obtamus in eadem ad hoc opus idoneus minime fuerit repertus, de conuicina ecclesia petant sibi dari, tantum ut nullus ibidem consecretur nec preponatur nisi qui a clero et populo sancte ecclesie Lausannensis fuerit electus."
  2. ^ Schmitt (1858), Mémoires historiques sur le Diocèse de Lausanne, I pp. 327-329. Lullin & Le Fort (1866), Régeste genevois, p. 43, no. 153.
  3. ^ Gingins-La Serra & Forel, pp. 1-3.: "...comitatum VValdensem sicut ab antiquis terminationibus est de terminatus cum omnibus pertinenciis instophariis in exactionibus in omnibus usibus et utilitatibus legaliter et firmiter ad tenendum lausonneque perpetualiter permanendum...."
  4. ^ The grant specifically mentions the recipient, Bishop Jean de Cossonay, who died on 18 June 1273. Eubel I, p. 296.
  5. ^ Gregor Reinhold, "Lausanne and Geneva," in: The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. Retrieved: 25 January 2024.
  6. ^ Jean-Joseph Hisely, Les comtes de Genevois dans leurs rapports avec la maison de Savoie jusqu'à l'établissement définitif de la domination savoisienne dans la Comté de Vaud: soit jusqu'à la fin du treizième siècle, (in French and Latin) (Lausanne: Institut national genevois, 1854), p. 98: "Notum sit, quod ad instantiam Ss. D. Gregorii Papæ X, ipsa die Consecrationis ecclesiæ beatæ Mariæ Lausannensis ab ipso nobis adstantibus factæ, speciali affectu in reverendos devotos Episcopos dictæ ecclesiæ propensi, utpote de Romano Imperio semper bene meritos, dilectum nobis reverendum devotum Ioannem de Cossonay, Episcopum et Comitem Lausannensem, eiusque successores in perpetuum creavimus et stabilivimus Principem Romani Imperii nostri, posterorumque successorum nostrorum."
  7. ^ August Potthast, Regesta Pontificum Romanorum, (in Latin), Vol. 2 (Berlin: R. De Decker 1875), p. 1672.
  8. ^ Nicolas (Rädle), Notice sur la date exacte de la consécration de la cathédrale de Lausanne (Fribourg: Imprimerie catholique Suisse 1885), p. 18.
  9. ^ Hisely, pp. 98-99, citing others who consider the grant a forgery, and those who consider it authentic, and summarizing the conclusions of Fontaine, Dissertation historique et critique pour fixer l'époque de l'entrevue du pape Grégoire X & de l'empereur Rodolphe de Habsbourg à Lausanne.
  10. ^ Gingins-La Serra & Forel, pp. 3, 538.
  11. ^ Schmitt II, pp. 343-373.
  12. ^ Pius XI, apostolic constitution "Sollicitudo omnium", 17 October 1924, in: Acta Apostolicae Sedis Vol. 30 (Romae: Typis polyglottis Vaticanis 1925), pp. 57-61.
  13. ^ Bishop Bubulcus, episcopus civitatis Vindoninsis, participated in the synod of Epaone in 517. Duchesne III, p. 219, no. 1. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae, A. 511 – A. 695 (Turnhout: Brepols 1963), p. 36.
  14. ^ Bishop Grammaticus participated in the council of the Auvergne (Clermont) on 8 November 535. Duchesne III, p. 219, no. 2. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae, A. 511 – A. 695 (Turnhout: Brepols 1963), p. 111.
  15. ^ Marius was a continuator of the "Chronicle of Prosper of Aquitaine". He became bishop in 574, and served for 21 years. He participated in the Council of Maçon in 585. He died on 31 December 594. De Clercq, p. 248: "Marius episcopus ecclesiae Auentice subscripsi." Duchesne III, p. 219, no. 3. Justin Favrod La Chronique de Marius d'Avenches, Cahiers Lausannois d'Histoire Médiévale, vol. 4, Lausanne, 1991 [page needed]
  16. ^ Protasius: Duchesne III, p. 220. no. 4.
  17. ^ Bishop Arricus attended the Council of Chalon-sur-Saône (Cabilonense) in 650. De Clercq, p. 309: "Arricus episcopus ecclesie Lausonicensis subscripsi." Duchesne III, p. 220, no. 5. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XV, p. 329.
  18. ^ The only reference to Chilmegesilus is in the "Annales Flaviniacenses et Lausanenses," in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptorum Tomus III, p. 150, under the date 533, Year 15 of Chlothar I. Duchesne III, p. 220, no. 6. Reymond, Les dignitaires de l'Église Nôtre-Dame de Lausanne (1912), states that Chilmégésile ou Chamnégésile participated in the Council of Paris on 10 October 614; he places the foundation of the Priory of Baulmes, in connection with the founding of which Chilmegesilus is mentioned, in 627, not around 668, as Duchesne wishes, or 533 as the Annales Lausanenses states. Cf. De Clercq, p. 281: "Ex ciuitate Loxouia Chamnegisilus episcopus;" he places Loxovia in the province of Rouen.
  19. ^ Nothing is known about Udalricus. His ancestry is disputed, as is his date. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XV, pp. 329-330. Duchesne, p. 220, no. 7.
  20. ^ Fredarius received a donation of Louis the Pious on 28 July 814. According to the "Annals of Lausanne", he died in 825. Schmitt, pp. 242-251. Duchesne, p. 220, no. 8.
  21. ^ Bishop David was present at the synod of Mainz in 829, held by five archbishops (including Besançcon) and their suffragans. He was killed in armed conflict with one of his vassals, the lord of Tegerfeld. He had been bishop for 24 years. Schmitt, pp. 252-256. Duchesne, p. 221, no. 9.
  22. ^ Hartmann was consecrated a bishop on 28 March of 851 or 852. The sources and the scholars disagree. He died on 14 April 878. Schmitt, pp. 257-263. Duchesne, p. 221-222, no. 10.
  23. ^ On the death of Bishop Hartmann, a struggle took place between Count Boso, who was trying to separate the territories of the Jura from imperial allegiance and become king of Burgundy, and the Emperor Charles the Fat. Under pressure from Boso, the clergy and people chose Hieronymus. Pope John VIII ordered the archbishop of Besançon that no bishop was to be consecrated for Lausanne on order of the king or at the demand of the people; he confirmed the election of Hieronymus. Duchesne III, p. 222. Reymond, pp. 10-11.
  24. ^ Boso: Schmitt, pp. 277-291. Duchesne III, pp. 222-223. Reymond, pp. 11-14.
  25. ^ Libo: Schmitt, pp. 292-296.
  26. ^ Bero (Berodus, Beronus) had been a canon and sacristan of the cathedral Chapter of Lausanne. He was consecrated bishop by Archbishop Gerfroi (Gesfroi) of Besançon. Hauréau (1860), Gallia christiana XV, pp. 335-336. Schmitt, pp. 297-302.
  27. ^ The notion that Magnerius was in Rome on 2 February 962 for the coronation of the Emperor Otto I (Schmitt I, p. 312) is based on a forged charter: Mpnumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae, Tomus I: Conradi I., Heinrici I. et Ottonis I. diplomata, (in Latin), (Hannover: Hahn 1884), p. 619, no. 457.
  28. ^ Bishop Henri Aguricus was present at the election of Odilo as abbot of Cluny in 994. Luc d' Achery, Spicilegium Volume 3 (Paris: Montalant 1723), p. 379. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XV, pp. 337-339. Schmitt (1858), Mémoires historiques sur le Diocèse de Lausanne. pp. 322-324.
  29. ^ Hugues was the son of King Rudolphe III of Burgundy (993–1032). He gave three villas in the diocese of Geneva to the Chapter of the cathedral of Lausanne. He died on 31 August 1037. Lullin & Le Fort, Régeste genevois, p. 54, no. 187. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XV, pp. 339-340. Schmitt, Mémoires historiques sur le Diocèse de Lausanne, vol. 1, pp. 334-342.
  30. ^ Conon is last heard of in 1103, but his successor took his oath of obedience to the metropolitan archbishop in 1107; this suggests that he died in 1106 or 1107. Schmitt, vol. 1, pp. 375-378. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XV, pp. 343-344.
  31. ^ Landri (of Durnec, Durnac, Durnay, or Durnes) had been Dean of the cathedral of S. Jean de Besançon. He was consecrated perhaps in 1160. At Lausanne, he built the castles of Lucens and Poedour, and a wall and tower at the castle of Curtilia, as well as fortifications for Lausanne itself. He governed the church of Lausanne for 19 years, according to Conon, but was denounced to the pope on grounds of inconentia et insuffiencia, and resigned in the second half of 1177. Conon d'Estavayer, Cartulaire du Chapitre de Notre-Dame de Lausanne, pp. 44-45. Schmitt, pp. 421-430.
  32. ^ Roger was already bishop in February 1178 (Schmitt, p. 430). He attended the Second Lateran Council of Pope Alexander III in March 1179. J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, (in Latin), editio novissima, Vol. 22 (Venice: A. Zatta 1778), p. 466. Bishop Roger resigned on 8 January 1212. He died on 5 March 1220. Schmitt (1858), Mémoires historiques sur le Diocèse de Lausanne. pp. 431-451. Maxime Reymond, "Un conflit ecclésiastique à Lausanne à la fin du XIIe siècle," (in French), in: –Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique Suisse 1 (Stans 1907), pp. 98-111. Eubel I, p. 296.
  33. ^ Berthold died on 13 July 1220, as he was about to set out on crusade. Schmitt, vol. I, pp. 452-461.
  34. ^ Gérard: Schmitt, vol. 1, pp. 462-463.
  35. ^ Guillaume died on 23 March 1229. Schmitt, vol. 1, pp. 464-473.
  36. ^ Born in Bruxelles c. 1182, Boniface began study at Paris at the age of 17, eventually taking degrees in humanities and theology. When the university closed in 1229, he relocated to Cologne, where he was appointed scholarius. Requested by cathedral Chapter of Lausanne, he arrived there on 11 March 1231, and was immediately offered a canonry and then elected bishop. On 15 July 1239, Pope Gregory IX wrote to the Chapter of Lausanne to announce the resignation of Boniface, and to authorize the election of his successor. In his farewell letter to the Chapter, Boniface mentioned (Conon, p. 52) that he was being impeded by friends and agents of the Emperor Frederick II: Insuper sciatis quod omnes literas de causa Chunicensis ecclesie dimisi Rome in domo Predicatorum, in archa quadam parua clausa, exhibendas tantum episcopo Lausannensi vel nuncio suo. In quibus quia fit mentio frequens de imperatore et baliuis suis. nullus auderet ferre litteras ipsas de curia. Fauorabilem habui dominum papam et omnes fratres in predicta causa. Set fortes aduersarios inueni: Notarium domini pape, et Magistrum Iohannem capuan., et Conradum Marescalcum pape, qui sunt fratres de domo Theuthonicorum." Boniface retired to the monastery La-Chambre-Ste. Marie near Bruxelles, where he died on 19 February 1258 (or 1259). Schmitt, Vol. 2 pp. 1-15. Eubel I, p. 296 with note 1.
  37. ^ Jean was the younger son of Jean, Sieur de Cossonay, who was a vassal for various holdings of both the archbishop of Besançon and the bishop of Lausanne. He was a canon of the cathedral of Lausanne by 1217, Cantor in 1231. He was elected bishop on 10 April 1240, and installed on 1 August 1242, but not yet consecrated in 1243. He made his Will in May 1273, and died on 18 June 1273. Schmitt, Vol. 2, addition by J. Gremaud, p. 555. Reymond, p. 307.
  38. ^ Guillaume de Champvent was the son of Henri de Champvent, the son of Ebal de Grandson. He was a canon of the cathedral of Lausanne by 1250, and its treasurer; and also canon of Geneva, and Dean of the collegiate church of Ceyserieu (by 1267). He was elected bishop of Lausanne on 21 July 1273, but was still bishop-elect in December 1273. He made his Will on 20 March 1301, and died the next day. Schmitt, vol. 2, pp. 43-71. Reymond, pp. 289-290.
  39. ^ Girard was the son of Ulrich, lord of Vuippens, and Agnes, the sister of the knight Otto de Grandson, the friend of King Edward I of England. He was a canon of York by 1286, and a canon of Litchfield in 1289. He was rector of the parish of Waddington in the diocese of Lincoln, and of Greystok in the diocese of Carlisle, for which he required a dispensation for plurality, which was granted by Pope Nicholas IV on 12 December 1289. He was appointed Archdeacon of Richmond and was admitted on 22 May 1290. On 22 April 1299, he was appointed by King Edward to an embassy to France, to conclude a peace with King Philip IV of France, and named one of six commissioners to hand over captured French territories to the papal legate, Bishop Rainaldo Concoreggi. He was elected bishop of Lausanne in the second half of 1301. In January 1301, Bishop Aimon of Geneva and four others arbitrated between the bishop of Lausanne and the bourgeois of the city of Lausanne, who had attacked the bishop with open force: Lullin & Le Fort (1866), Régeste genevois, p. 385, no. 1539. On 5 June 1306, he was co-consecrator of Fr. Hugues, O.Cist., as bishop of Tiberias: Lullin & Le Fort, p. 397, no. 1582. Bishop Gérard was transferred by Pope Clement V to the diocese of Basel on 30 July 1309, where he died on 17 March 1325. Eubel I, pp. 129, 309. Reymond, pp. 466-467.
  40. ^ Otho had been a canon of the cathedral of Lausanne. When Bishop Gerard was transferred to Basel, the vacancy was immediately filled by Pope Clement V on 30 July 1309. Bishop Otho died on 19 April 1312. Schmitt, Vol. 2, addition by J. Gremaud, p. 555. Eubel I, p. 297. Les registres de Clément V, (in Latin) Vol. 4 (Rome: Typographia Vaticana 1886), p. 245, no. 4525.
  41. ^ Pierre had been treasurer of the church of Lausanne. He was appointed by Pope Clement V on 1 October 1313. He died on 27 March 1323. Schmitt, Vol. 2, addition by J. Gremaud, p. 555. Eubel I, p. 297.
  42. ^ Jean de Rossillon died on 15 April 1341. He was the first bishop of Lausanne to sign himself Dei et apostolicæ Sedis gratiâ episcopus Lausannensis. Schmitt, Vol. 2, pp. 91-101; 106, and the addition by J. Gremaud, p. 555.
  43. ^ Jean de Bertrand was the son of Jean, seigneur de Brussol (Tarentaise). He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure, and was a canon of Tarentaise and Provost of Aire (diocese of Terouane). The appointment of a bishop had been reserved to the papacy, and therefore he was appointed by Pope Benedict XII on 6 May 1341. He was transferred to the archdiocese of Tarentaise on 20 November 1342, by Pope Clement VI. He died in March 1365. Schmitt, Vol. 2, pp. 102-106. Reymond, pp. 270-271. Eubel I, pp. 297 (who says he held only the licenciate in laws), 472. Alphonse Fierens, Lettres de Benoît XII, (in French and Latin), (Rome: Bretschneider 1910), p. 361, no. 679.
  44. ^ Gauffredus held a licenciate in law, and had been chancellor of the church of Cahors. He was already a canon of Lausanne in 1324, and his brother François was seneschal of Lausanne; he was promoted Cantor of the cathedral, one of the three dignities in the Chapter. On 18 July 1343, and on 19 February 1344, he was still called "bishop-elect". He died in 1346. Schmitt, Vol. 2, pp. 107-109. Eubel I, p. 297.
  45. ^ François Prévost was appointed by Pope Clement VI on 23 March 1347. He died on 28 September 1354. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XV, pp. 367-368. Eubel I, p. 297.
  46. ^ Aymon de Cossonay: Hauréau, Gallia christiana XV, pp. 368-369. Eubel I, p. 297.
  47. ^ Guy was a Doctor in utroque iure, and a professor and councillor of Count Amadeus VI of Savoy. In 1373, he was sent by Amadeus to conclude an alliance with Albert and Leopold of Austria. He was provost of the cathedral Chapter of Lausanne. He was appointed bishop (provided) by Pope Gregory IX on 19 March 1375. Bishop Guy died on 11 June 1394. Schmitt, Vol. 2, pp. 128-136. Eubel I, p. 297.
  48. ^ Aimo, Patriarch of Jerusalem, was appointed by Pope Clement VII (Avignon Obedience) on 24 June 1394; his authority was revoked upon the appointment of a new bishop on 7 August 1394. Eubel I, p. 297.
  49. ^ Guillaume was appointed on 13 August 1406, by Pope Benedict XIII (Avignon Obedience), Eubel I, p. 297. He died, according to Schmitt, in mid-March 1431. Reymond, p. 40, puts his death on 20 May 1431. On 2 January 1432, representatives of the Chapter of Lausanne swore an oath to preserve the goods of the diocese intact; on that day, the see was still vacant. Schmitt, vol. 2, p. 159-160.
  50. ^ Louis de la Palud was abbot of the monastery of Tournus (diocese of Chalon) and a consultor at the Council of Basel. He was appointed (provided) by Pope Eugenius IV in a letter of 8 June 1431, in which he reminded the Chapter of Lausanne that his predecessors had reserved the right to appoint the bishops of Lausanne (Reymond, p. 40). The Chapter was not pleased. Bishop Louis was transferred to Avignon on 4 November 1433. Eubel II, pp. 100, 173.
  51. ^ Jean, who held a licenciate in law and was Cantor of the cathedral Chapter Reymond, pp. 40-45; pp. 420-421.
  52. ^ Bishop Jean de Michaëlis fell while descending a staircase in his castle at Lucens, and died immediately, on 28 December 1468. Schmitt, vol. 2, p. 199. Eubel II, p. 173 with note 4.
  53. ^ In the troubles accompanying the forced election of François de Savoie, Pope Paul II issued a bull on 29 July 1469, appointing Bishop Barthélémy Chuet of Nice, who was also a canon of Lausanne and chaplain of Duke Amadeus IX of Savoy, as Apostolic Administrator of the diocese of Lausanne in both spirituals and temporals, for a period of two years. He also reserved to himself the appointment of the next bishop, and deferred such appointment until the situation in Savoy was more stable. Bishop Barthélémy arrived on 4 September. His mandate expired on 30 July 1471, and his powers devolved upon a board of 4 syndics elected by the cathedral Chapter. On 14 December 1471, Bishop Barthélémy returned to Lausanne, with a new mandate from Pope Sixtus IV. Both the canons and the duke refused to receive the papal letters, and refused to admit the bishop. Schmitt, Vol. 2, pp. 202-205.
  54. ^ On 20 February 1473, after opposition, Jean de Compeys took possession of the diocese of Lausanne in the name of Cardinal della Rovere (Schmitt, p. 208). In a letter of 23 July 1476, Pope Sixtus announced to the Chapter of Lausanne that he had accepted the resignation of Cardinal della Rovere; in the same letter he announced that he had appointed Benoît de Montferrand to the vacant bishopric. "Giuliano della Rovere". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007. 1472-1473; elected Pope Julius II (1503-1513). Schmitt, vol. 2, pp. 200-213.
  55. ^ Benoît de Montferrand was appointed by Pope Sixtus IV on 23 July 1476. He died on 3 May 1491. Schmitt, Vol. 2, pp. 213-235.
  56. ^ Watteville had been abbot of the monastery of Charité (diocese of Besançon, Hauréau, Gallia christiana XV, p. 271.). He was appointed on 10 June 1609. "Jean de Watteville". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007. He died in 1649. He is not to be confused with his nephew (1618-1702) bearing the same name. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 217 with note 3.
  57. ^ Knab: Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 217 with note 4."Jost Knab". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  58. ^ "Henri Fuchs". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  59. ^ Franz Rülin, Der Bischof Strambino zu Freiburg in der Schweiz, (in German), Gurk: Schnyder 1833. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 217 with note 5. "Jean-Baptiste de Strambino". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  60. ^ "Pierre de Montenbach". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  61. ^ "Jacques Duding". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  62. ^ Meinrad Meyer, Biographie de Claude-Antoine de Duding, évèque et comte de Lausanne, prince du St. Empire romain, assistant du St.-Siège apostolique, etc., etc, (in French), Fribourg: Imprimerie de Louis-Joseph Schmid, 1844. "Claude-Antoine Duding". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  63. ^ Schmitt, Vol. 2 p. 532. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 255 with note 2. "Joseph-Hubert de Boccard". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  64. ^ Schmitt, Vol. 2 pp. 533-536. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 255 with note 3. "Joseph-Nicolas de Montenach". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  65. ^ Schmitt, Vol. 2 pp. 537-539. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 255 with note 4. "Berndard-Emmanuel de Lenzbourg". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  66. ^ Schmitt, Vol. 2 pp. 540-542. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 255 with note 5. "Jean-Baptiste d'Odet". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  67. ^ Schmitt, Vol. 2, pp. 543-545. "Joseph-Antoine Guisolan". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  68. ^ Schmitt, Vol. 2, pp. 546-550. "Pierre-Tobie Yenni". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  69. ^ Schmitt, Vol. 2, pp. 551-554. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VII, pp. 232, 273; VIII, p. 398. "Etienne Marilley". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  70. ^ Cosandey: Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, p. 335.

Bibliography

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Reference works for bishops

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Studies

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