Phrynobatrachus
(Redirected from Dimorphognathus)
| Phrynobatrachus | |
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| A male and a female of Phrynobatrachus bibita | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Clade: | Ranoidea |
| Family: | Phrynobatrachidae Laurent, 1941 |
| Genus: | Phrynobatrachus Günther, 1862 |
| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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Phrynobatrachus is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.[1][2][3][4] The common name, puddle frog, refers to the fact that many species breed in temporary waterbodies such as puddles.[5]
Phrynobatrachus are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than 30 mm (1.2 in)[5]), fast-moving frogs. They occupy a variety of habitats from dry savannas to rainforests. Most species deposit many small eggs as a surface clutch in standing or slowly moving water and have exotrophic tadpoles.[4]
Taxonomy
[edit]Phrynobatrachidae has earlier been considered as a subfamily of Ranidae, but its recognition as a family is now well-established.[1][2][3][4] It is probably most closely related to Petropedetidae and Pyxicephalidae[1] or Ptychadenidae.[4]
This large genus may be further divided into three major clades. These clades could be treated as different genera, but this arrangement is not yet in use.[1]
Species
[edit]There are currently 96 species in this genus:[6]
- Phrynobatrachus acridoides (Cope, 1867)
- Phrynobatrachus acutirostris Nieden, 1912
- Phrynobatrachus afiabirago Ofori-Boateng, Leaché, Obeng-Kankam, Kouamé, Hillers & Rödel, 2018
- Phrynobatrachus africanus (Hallowell, 1858)
- Phrynobatrachus albifer (Ahl, 1924)
- Phrynobatrachus albomarginatus De Witte, 1933
- Phrynobatrachus alleni Parker, 1936
- Phrynobatrachus ambanguluensis Greenwood, Loader, Lawson, Greenbaum, and Zimkus, 2020
- Phrynobatrachus amieti Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, and Gvoždík, 2021
- Phrynobatrachus annulatus Perret, 1966
- Phrynobatrachus anotis Schmidt and Inger, 1959
- Phrynobatrachus arcanus Gvoždík, Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, Schmitz, and Fokam, 2020
- Phrynobatrachus asper Laurent, 1951
- Phrynobatrachus auritus Boulenger, 1900
- Phrynobatrachus batesii (Boulenger, 1906)
- Phrynobatrachus bequaerti (Barbour and Loveridge, 1929)
- Phrynobatrachus bibita Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, and Boissinot, 2019
- Phrynobatrachus breviceps Pickersgill, 2007
- Phrynobatrachus brevipalmatus (Ahl, 1925)
- Phrynobatrachus brongersmai Parker, 1936
- Phrynobatrachus bullans Crutsinger, Pickersgill, Channing, and Moyer, 2004
- Phrynobatrachus calcaratus (Peters, 1863)
- Phrynobatrachus chukuchuku Zimkus, 2009
- Phrynobatrachus congicus (Ahl, 1925)
- Phrynobatrachus cornutus (Boulenger, 1906)
- Phrynobatrachus cricogaster Perret, 1957
- Phrynobatrachus cryptotis Schmidt and Inger, 1959
- Phrynobatrachus dalcqi Laurent, 1952
- Phrynobatrachus danko Blackburn, 2010
- Phrynobatrachus dendrobates (Boulenger, 1919)
- Phrynobatrachus discogularis Pickersgill, Zimkus, and Raw, 2017
- Phrynobatrachus dispar (Peters, 1870)
- Phrynobatrachus elberti (Ahl, 1925)
- Phrynobatrachus francisci Boulenger, 1912
- Phrynobatrachus fraterculus (Chabanaud, 1921)
- Phrynobatrachus gastoni Barbour and Loveridge, 1928
- Phrynobatrachus ghanensis Schiøtz, 1964
- Phrynobatrachus giorgii De Witte, 1921
- Phrynobatrachus graueri (Nieden, 1911)
- Phrynobatrachus guineensis Guibé and Lamotte, 1962
- Phrynobatrachus gutturosus (Chabanaud, 1921)
- Phrynobatrachus hieroglyphicus Rödel, Ohler, and Hillers, 2010
- Phrynobatrachus horsti Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boufou, Emmrich, Penner, and Barej, 2015
- Phrynobatrachus hylaios Perret, 1959
- Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus Largen, 2001
- Phrynobatrachus intermedius Rödel, Boateng, Penner, and Hillers, 2009
- Phrynobatrachus irangi Drewes and Perret, 2000
- Phrynobatrachus jimzimkusi Zimkus, Gvoždík, and Gonwouo, 2013
- Phrynobatrachus kakamikro Schick, Zimkus, Channing, Köhler, and Lötters, 2010
- Phrynobatrachus keniensis Barbour and Loveridge, 1928
- Phrynobatrachus kinangopensis Angel, 1924
- Phrynobatrachus krefftii Boulenger, 1909
- Phrynobatrachus latifrons Ahl, 1924
- Phrynobatrachus leveleve Uyeda, Drewes, and Zimkus, 2007
- Phrynobatrachus liberiensis Barbour and Loveridge, 1927
- Phrynobatrachus mababiensis FitzSimons, 1932
- Phrynobatrachus maculiventris Guibé and Lamotte, 1958
- Phrynobatrachus manengoubensis (Angel, 1940)
- Phrynobatrachus mayokoensis Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boulou, Emmrich, Penner, and Barej, 2015
- Phrynobatrachus mbabo Gvoždík, Nečas, Dolinay, Zimkus, Schmitz, and Fokam, 2020
- Phrynobatrachus minutus (Boulenger, 1895)
- Phrynobatrachus nanus (Ahl, 1925)
- Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith, 1849)
- Phrynobatrachus njiomock Zimkus and Gvoždík, 2013
- Phrynobatrachus ogoensis (Boulenger, 1906)
- Phrynobatrachus pakenhami Loveridge, 1941
- Phrynobatrachus pallidus Pickersgill, 2007
- Phrynobatrachus parkeri De Witte, 1933
- Phrynobatrachus parvulus (Boulenger, 1905)
- Phrynobatrachus perpalmatus Boulenger, 1898
- Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides Ahl, 1924
- Phrynobatrachus phyllophilus Rödel and Ernst, 2002
- Phrynobatrachus pintoi Hillers, Zimkus, and Rödel, 2008
- Phrynobatrachus plicatus (Günther, 1858)
- Phrynobatrachus pygmaeus (Ahl, 1925)
- Phrynobatrachus rainerguentheri Rödel, Onadeko, Barej, and Sandberger, 2012
- Phrynobatrachus rouxi (Nieden, 1912)
- Phrynobatrachus rungwensis (Loveridge, 1932)
- Phrynobatrachus ruthbeateae Rödel, Doherty-Bone, Kouete, Janzen, Garrett, Browne, Gonwouo, Barej, and Sandberger, 2012
- Phrynobatrachus sandersoni (Parker, 1935)
- Phrynobatrachus scapularis (De Witte, 1933)
- Phrynobatrachus scheffleri (Nieden, 1911)
- Phrynobatrachus schioetzi Blackburn and Rödel, 2011
- Phrynobatrachus steindachneri Nieden, 1910
- Phrynobatrachus sternfeldi (Ahl, 1924)
- Phrynobatrachus stewartae Poynton and Broadley, 1985
- Phrynobatrachus sulfureogularis Laurent, 1951
- Phrynobatrachus taiensis Perret, 1988
- Phrynobatrachus tanoeensis Kpan, Kouamé, Barej, Adeba, Emmrich, Boateng, and Rödel, 2018
- Phrynobatrachus tokba (Chabanaud, 1921)
- Phrynobatrachus ukingensis (Loveridge, 1932)
- Phrynobatrachus ungujae Pickersgill, 2007
- Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis Grandison and Howell, 1983
- Phrynobatrachus versicolor Ahl, 1924
- Phrynobatrachus villiersi Guibé, 1959
- Phrynobatrachus werneri (Nieden, 1910)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Phrynobatrachidae Laurent, 1941". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
- ^ a b "Phrynobatrachidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
- ^ a b Blackburn, D. C.; Wake, D. B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
- ^ a b c d Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 507.
- ^ a b Zimkus, B. "Phrynobatrachus Günther, 1862". African Amphibians Lifedesk. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Phrynobatrachus Günther, 1862". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Phrynobatrachus at Wikimedia Commons
