Diethylbenzenes

Diethylbenzenes
	; The three isomers of diethylbenzene:; ortho-, meta-, and para-diethylbenzene; (left to right)
Identifiers
CAS Number	25340-17-4 ; 1,2: 135-01-3 ; 1,3: 141-93-5 ; 1,4: 105-05-5 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.042.599
EC Number	1,2: 205-170-1; 1,3: 205-511-4; 1,4: 203-265-2;
PubChem CID	1,2: 8657; 1,3: 8864; 1,4: 7734;
RTECS number	CZ5600000;
UNII	9A18Z78Q73 ; 1,2: 25HOX6T1LU ; 1,3: ZM2X7I1G8Y ; 1,4: 0PSM16X42D ;
UN number	2049
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4027866 ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H14
Molar mass	134.22
Density	0.87 g/mL
Hazards
Flash point	134.6 °F / 57 °C
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Diethylbenzene (DEB) refers to any of three isomers with the formula C₆H₄(C₂H₅)₂. Each consists of a benzene ring and two ethyl substituents. The meta and para have the greater commercial significance. All are colorless liquids.^[1]

2 ==Nomenclature==

Ortho: known as 1,2-diethylbenzene and o-diethylbenzene.
Meta: known as 1,3-diethylbenzene and m-diethylbenzene.
Para: known as 1,4-diethylbenzene and p-diethylbenzene.

Production and applications

Diethylbenzenes arise as side-products of the alkylation of benzene with ethylene, which can be described as two steps. The first step is the industrial route to ethylbenzene, which is produced on a large scale as a precursor to styrene.

C₆H₆ + C₂H₄ → C₆H₅C₂H₅

The diethylbenzene is an inadvertent side product.

C₆H₅C₂H₅ + C₂H₄ → C₆H₄(C₂H₅)₂

Using shape-selective zeolite catalysts, the para isomer can be produced in high selectivity.

Much diethylbenzene is recycled by transalkylation to give ethylbenzene:^[1]

C₆H₄(C₂H₅)₂ + C₆H₆ → 2 C₆H₅C₂H₅

Uses

Diethylbenzene is used in a mixture with methyl and/or ethyl biphenyls as a low temperature heat transfer fluid.^[2]

Diethylbenzene is dehydrogenated to give divinylbenzene (DVB):

C₆H₄(C₂H₅)₂ → C₆H₄(C₂H₃)₂ + 2 H₂

DVB is used in the production of crosslinked polystyrene.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Karl Griesbaum; Arno Behr; Dieter Biedenkapp; Heinz-Werner Voges; Dorothea Garbe; Christian Paetz; Gerd Collin; Dieter Mayer; Hartmut Höke (2002). "Hydrocarbons". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227. ISBN 3-527-30673-0.
^ Buske, Gary R.; Wenger, Terry L.; Beyrau, John A. (Nov 11, 1986), Heat-transfer fluid, retrieved 2016-06-30
^ Denis H. James William M. Castor, "Styrene" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_329.pub2.

[Ullmanns-1] Karl Griesbaum; Arno Behr; Dieter Biedenkapp; Heinz-Werner Voges; Dorothea Garbe; Christian Paetz; Gerd Collin; Dieter Mayer; Hartmut Höke (2002). "Hydrocarbons". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227. ISBN 3-527-30673-0.

[2] Buske, Gary R.; Wenger, Terry L.; Beyrau, John A. (Nov 11, 1986), Heat-transfer fluid, retrieved 2016-06-30

[3] Denis H. James William M. Castor, "Styrene" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_329.pub2.

[1]

[2]

[3]