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Setophaga

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Setophaga
Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Parulidae
Genus: Setophaga
Swainson, 1827
Type species
Motacilla ruticilla[1]
Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms

Parula Bonaparte, 1838
Dendroica G. R. Gray, 1842

The Palm warbler is a member of the Setophaga genus
The palm warbler is a member of genus Setophaga

Setophaga is a genus of birds of the New World warbler family Parulidae. It contains at least 34 species. The Setophaga warblers are an example of adaptive radiation with the various species using different feeding techniques and often feeding in different parts of the same tree.

Most Setophaga species are long-range migrants, wintering in or near the New World tropics and seasonally migrating to breed in North America. In contrast, two Setophaga species, the palm warbler and yellow-rumped warbler, have winter ranges that extend along the Atlantic coast of North America as far north as Nova Scotia.[2] The males in breeding plumage are often highly colorful.

Taxonomy

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The genus Setophaga was introduced by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1827.[3] The type species was subsequently designated by Swainson in the same year as the American redstart Setophaga ruticilla.[4][5] The genus name is from Ancient Greek ses, "moth", and phagos, "eating".[6]

Traditionally, most members (29 species) of Setophaga were recognized as belonging to the genus Dendroica. The only member of Setophaga was the American redstart. More recent genetic research suggested that Dendroica and Setophaga be merged[7]. This change was accepted by both the North American and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society[8][9] and the IOC World Bird List.[10] As the name Setophaga (published in 1827) takes priority over Dendroica (published in 1842), those who accept the merger transferred all Dendroica species to Setophaga.[7]

History

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A burst of speciation in Setophaga occurred between 4.5 and 7 million years ago[11]. This time frame roughly corresponds to the transition from the Miocene to the Pliocene period, when an abrupt rise in temperature and the fragmentation of forest habitats in North America[12] may have caused allopatric speciation in the genus. It is widely agreed that this speciation constitutes an adaptive radiation[11][13][14], though recent evidence is mixed, noting that evidence of both adaptive and non-adaptive radiations exists[15].

Up to several Setophaga species coexist in regions such as northeastern North America. Since these species are strikingly similar in both diet and morphology, this was once thought to be a violation of the laws of evolution. Further study concluded that species coexist through subtle feeding differences due to niche partitioning[16] and diffuse exploitative interspecific competition[17]: rather than compete directly for the same food resources, species utilize slightly different feeding strategies to capture a slightly different set of prey species.

List of species

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The genus contains 37 species. They are:[10]

Image Common Name Scientific name Distribution
Adelaide's warbler Setophaga adelaidae Puerto Rico
American redstart Setophaga ruticilla southern Canada and the eastern United States
American yellow warbler Setophaga petechia North America, the Caribbean, and down to northern South America
Arrowhead warbler Setophaga pharetra Jamaica
Bahama warbler Setophaga flavescens The Bahamas
Barbuda warbler Setophaga subita Barbuda in Antigua and Barbuda
Bay-breasted warbler Setophaga castanea eastern and central Canada, as well as the extreme northern United States., northeastern South America, the Caribbean, and southern Central America
Blackburnian warbler Setophaga fusca southern Canada, westwards to the southern Canadian Prairies, the Great Lakes region and New England, to North Carolina. southern Central America and South America
Blackpoll warbler Setophaga striata northern North America, from Alaska throughout most of Canada, to the Adirondack Mountains of New York as well as New England in the northeastern United States. the Greater Antilles and the northeastern coasts of South America
Black-throated blue warbler Setophaga caerulescens eastern North America, the Caribbean, and Central America
Black-throated green warbler Setophaga virens eastern North America and western Canada and cypress swamps on the southern Atlantic coast. Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and southern Florida
Black-throated grey warbler Setophaga nigrescens from British Columbia to New Mexico, and winters in Mexico and the southwestern United States
Cape May warbler Setophaga tigrina southern Canada, the Great Lakes region, and New England
Cerulean warbler Setophaga cerulea eastern North America, eastern slope of the Andes in South America
Chestnut-sided warbler Setophaga pensylvanica eastern North America and in southern Canada, Central America south to northern Colombia
Elfin woods warbler Setophaga angelae Puerto Rico
Golden-cheeked warbler Setophaga chrysoparia Central Texas
Grace's warbler Setophaga graciae western Canada, the western United States, and into Mexico
Hermit warbler Setophaga occidentalis west coast of the United States, Mexico and Central America as well as parts of the southern California coast.
Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina eastern United States and into southernmost Canada (Ontario)
Kirtland's warbler Setophaga kirtlandii Great Lakes region of Ontario, Canada and the United States from Wisconsin and Michigan
Magnolia warbler Setophaga magnolia northeastern parts of the US, with states such as Minnesota and Wisconsin, northern parts of Canada, such as in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec
Northern parula Setophaga americana eastern North America from southern Canada to Florida
Olive-capped warbler Setophaga pityophila Cuba as well as Grand Bahama
Palm warbler Setophaga palmarum Canada and the northeastern United States
Pine warbler Setophaga pinus eastern North America
Plumbeous warbler Setophaga plumbea Dominica and Guadeloupe
Prairie warbler Setophaga discolor northeastern Mexico and islands in the Caribbean
Saint Lucia warbler Setophaga delicata Saint Lucia
Townsend's warbler Setophaga townsendi northwestern coast of North America
Tropical parula Setophaga pitiayumi southernmost Texas and northwest Mexico (Sonora)
Vitelline warbler Setophaga vitellina Cayman Islands and on the Swan Islands in Honduras
Myrtle warbler Setophaga coronata Canada and the northeastern United States
Audubon's warbler Setophaga auduboni western Canada, the western United States, and into Mexico
Goldman's warbler Setophaga goldmani Mexico and Guatemala
Yellow-throated warbler Setophaga dominica southern Pennsylvania and northern Missouri, to the Gulf of Mexico
Yellow-rumped warbler Setophaga coronata United States, as well as Canada and Central America

References

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  1. ^ "Parulidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  2. ^ "Explore BNA". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
  3. ^ Swainson, William John (1827). "A synopsis of the birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and Mr. William Bullock jun". Philosophical Magazine. New Series. 1: 364–369 [368]. doi:10.1080/14786442708674330.
  4. ^ Swainson, William John (1827). "On several groups and forms in ornithology, not hitherto defined". Zoological Journal. 3: 343–363 [360].
  5. ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 33.
  6. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 355. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  7. ^ a b Lovette, Irby J.; et al. (2010). "A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (2): 753–70. Bibcode:2010MolPE..57..753L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018. PMID 20696258.
  8. ^ Chesser R. T.; et al. (2011). "Fifty-Second Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds" (PDF). Auk. 128 (3): 600–613. doi:10.1525/auk.2011.128.3.600. S2CID 13691956.
  9. ^ A Classification of the Bird Species of South America, accessed 17 August 2016
  10. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  11. ^ a b Lovette, I. J.; Bermingham, E. (1999-08-22). "Explosive speciation in the New World Dendroica warblers". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 266 (1429): 1629–1636. doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0825. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1690178.
  12. ^ Paleoclimate and evolution, with emphasis on human origins. New Haven London: Yale university press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-300-06348-6.
  13. ^ Price, Trevor; Lovette, Irby J.; Bermingham, Eldredge; Gibbs, H. Lisle; Richman, Adam D. (October 2000). "The Imprint of History on Communities of North American and Asian Warblers". The American Naturalist. 156 (4): 354–367. doi:10.1086/303397. ISSN 0003-0147. PMID 29592136.
  14. ^ Sherry, Thomas W; Kent, Cody M (2022-03-25). "Extensions and limitations of MacArthur (1958): A review of ecological and evolutionary approaches to competition and diet in the New World wood warblers (Parulidae)". Ornithology. 139 (2). doi:10.1093/ornithology/ukac010. ISSN 0004-8038.
  15. ^ Leroy, Hélène; Bowie, Rauri C K; Rubáčová, Lucia; Matysioková, Beata; Remeš, Vladimír (2024-02-19). "A late burst of colour evolution in a radiation of songbirds (Passeriformes: Parulidae) suggests secondary contact drives signal divergence". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 37 (4): 401–413. doi:10.1093/jeb/voae023. ISSN 1420-9101.
  16. ^ MacArthur, Robert H. (October 1958). "Population Ecology of Some Warblers of Northeastern Coniferous Forests". Ecology. 39 (4): 599–619. Bibcode:1958Ecol...39..599M. doi:10.2307/1931600. ISSN 0012-9658. JSTOR 1931600.
  17. ^ Sherry, Thomas W; Kent, Cody M (2022-03-15). "Extensions and limitations of MacArthur (1958): A review of ecological and evolutionary approaches to competition and diet in the New World wood warblers (Parulidae)". Ornithology. 139 (2). doi:10.1093/ornithology/ukac010. ISSN 0004-8038.
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