Jump to content

David Johnson (footballer, born 1976)

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from David Anthony Johnson)

David Johnson
Johnson in 2010
Personal information
Full name David Anthony Johnson
Date of birth (1976-08-15) 15 August 1976 (age 48)
Place of birth Kingston, Jamaica
Position(s) Forward
Youth career
1992–1994 Manchester United
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1994–1995 Manchester United 0 (0)
1995–1997 Bury 97 (18)
1997–2001 Ipswich Town 131 (55)
2001–2006 Nottingham Forest 148 (46)
2002Sheffield Wednesday (loan) 7 (2)
2002Burnley (loan) 8 (5)
2005Sheffield United (loan) 4 (0)
2007 Hucknall Town 8 (4)
Total 403 (130)
International career
1998 England B 1 (0)
1999 Jamaica 4 (2)
*Club domestic league appearances and goals

David Anthony Johnson (born 15 August 1976) is a Jamaican former footballer. Born in Kingston, Johnson began his career with English club Manchester United, but was unable to break into the first team and joined Bury on a free transfer in 1995. He later played for Ipswich Town and Nottingham Forest, as well as on loan for Sheffield Wednesday, Burnley and Sheffield United, before a back injury ended his career at the age of 30. He also played international football for the Jamaica national team.

Club career

[edit]

Early career

[edit]

Born in Kingston, Jamaica, Johnson started his career with Manchester United as a trainee in 1992,[1] but a knee injury suffered at the start of the 1992–93 season kept him out for over a year.[2] After making his comeback in November 1993, he scored 12 goals in 22 competitive appearances for the club's youth teams,[3] and was rewarded with a professional contract in July 1994.[4] In 1994–95, he was part of the Manchester United youth team that won the FA Youth Cup.[5]

Johnson did not make any first-team appearances for Manchester United,[3] but he did feature as an unused substitute in the club's 4–0 win at home to Galatasaray in the Champions League on 7 December 1994.[6] Having failed to break into the Manchester United first team, he was released at the end of his contract in June 1995.[7] Now without a club, Johnson was able to sign for Third Division club Bury on a free transfer a few days later. Over the next two years, Johnson scored 18 goals in 97 league appearances[8] as the club secured successive promotions to the First Division.[9]

Ipswich Town

[edit]

Johnson's performances attracted the attention of fellow First Division side Ipswich Town, and on 13 November 1997, he joined the East Anglia club for a fee of £1.1 million.[8] He made his debut against Wolverhampton Wanderers two days later, scoring Ipswich's only goal in a 1–1 draw.[10] He went on to score a total of 22 goals for Ipswich that season,[11] including his first career hat-trick in a 5–2 win over Oxford United on 24 February 1998.[12] Ipswich finished fifth in the First Division table that season, and went on to lose 2–0 on aggregate to Charlton Athletic in the play-off semi-finals.[13]

Johnson scored another 14 goals for Ipswich[11] on the way to a third-place finish in the league in 1998–99, but again they lost out in the play-off semi-finals, this time losing to Bolton Wanderers on away goals.[13] However, it was not the same story the following year; after three consecutive play-off semi-final defeats in 1996–97, 1997–98 and 1998–99, Ipswich finally reached the final in 1999–2000 with a 7–5 aggregate win over Bolton, before beating Barnsley 4–2 in the final at Wembley Stadium.[14] After scoring 22 goals in 44 league games in 1999–2000,[11] Johnson was awarded with a new, four-year contract with Ipswich.[15]

The 2000–01 season saw Johnson struggle in the league, but he continued to score in the League Cup, putting two past Millwall in a 5–0 second-leg win in the second round,[16] and then the winning goal in a 2–1 win over Coventry City in the fourth round.[17]

Nottingham Forest

[edit]

At the turn of the year, Johnson was subject to interest from First Division club Nottingham Forest. An initial £2.5 million bid was turned down on 4 January 2001,[18][19] but Forest came back with an improved bid of £3.5 million, and the transfer was completed on 12 January 2001.[20] He made his debut two days later in a 3–0 home defeat to Crystal Palace.[21] He scored just two goals in the remainder of the season, the first against Grimsby Town on 24 February 2001,[22] and the second against Sheffield United on 10 March.[23]

After Johnson scored just three goals in his first 24 appearances of the 2001–02 season, he fell out of favour with new manager Paul Hart, and from February to April 2002, in order to reduce the club's heavy wage bill,[24] he was allowed to go on loan to fellow First Division clubs Sheffield Wednesday (for whom he scored twice in seven appearances) and Burnley (five goals in eight appearances).[8] Burnley had agreed to pay £120,000 to sign Johnson on a permanent basis at the end of the season,[25] but the transfer ultimately fell through. Upon his return to Nottingham Forest for the 2002–03 season, Johnson appeared to have found his form again that had made him such a success at Ipswich, scoring 29 goals in 47 appearances in all competitions as Nottingham Forest reached the play-offs.[8] In February 2003, it was discovered that Johnson had been playing with a torn posterior cruciate ligament, and it was expected that his recovery would rule him out for up to six weeks;[26] however, he was able to make a speedy return and was back in action against Grimsby two weeks later.[27]

The start of the 2003–04 season saw Johnson sign a three-year extension to his Nottingham Forest contract,[28] but less than two weeks after signing, he suffered a fractured tibia in a match against Sheffield United on 13 September 2003.[29] It was originally thought that he had suffered a double fracture, but this was denied by the club following scans.[30] Nevertheless, he faced a lengthy absence from the game, potentially to the end of the season and beyond.[31] His comeback began six months after his original injury in March 2004, first with a reserve match against West Ham United on 10 March,[32] and then a substitute appearance against Crystal Palace on 13 March.[33]

Following his injury, Johnson never really rediscovered his old form, scoring just 11 goals in 47 appearances from March 2004 to March 2005, when, after a falling-out with manager Gary Megson,[34] he was sent on loan to Sheffield United,[35] the club against whom he had broken his leg in the first place. Following Nottingham Forest's relegation to League One at the end of the season, Megson placed Johnson on the transfer list as part of a dramatic overhaul of the club's playing staff.[36] However, the summer of 2005 saw Johnson recalled to the Nottingham Forest first team,[37] and by the start of the 2005–06 season, he had admitted his desire to remain with the club and fight for a place in the team.[38]

A couple of months into the season, Johnson suffered a prolapsed disc in his back; the condition was initially treated with injections,[39] but surgery was eventually required as a lasting solution, though it would keep him out for an extended period.[40] However, his recovery took longer than expected and it was not until the end of the season that Johnson was able to start running again, delaying any comeback until at least the start of the 2006–07 season.[41] That comeback failed to materialise, and in September 2006, Johnson retired from professional football on the advice of his doctors, with his sights now set on coaching.[42]

Nevertheless, by March 2007, Johnson was already eyeing a return to the game and began training with Burton Albion; however, issues regarding his departure from Nottingham Forest meant he could not sign for Burton, and on 21 March 2007, he signed instead for Conference North club Hucknall Town.[43] In the summer of 2007, he was forced to quit all football due to injury.[44] Since retiring, Johnson has worked as a scout for Chelsea.[45]

International career

[edit]

Born in Jamaica to an English mother, Johnson played for the England Schoolboys team by virtue of going to school in England.[2] He was called up to the England U21 squad in December 1997 for a 1998 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualification play-off game against Greece,[46] but remained an unused substitute.[citation needed] Johnson played his first senior international football in 1998, making a nine-minute cameo for the England B team under Glenn Hoddle in a 4–1 victory over Russia at Loftus Road.[47]

In 1999, Johnson was called up for his native Jamaica by Brazilian coach René Simões. He made his debut against Trinidad and Tobago on 28 March, coming on as a half-time substitute for Paul Hall in a 2–0 loss in Port of Spain, and then scored in a 3–0 victory over Paraguay in Kingston three days later, after coming on for Ricardo Fuller at half-time. He made another substitute appearance in May 1999, coming on for Theodore Whitmore in the 56th minute of Jamaica's 2–1 friendly defeat to Sweden in Stockholm. Another appearance followed in September 1999, with Johnson again replacing Whitmore shortly after the hour mark of Jamaica's 2–2 draw with the United States; Johnson scored Jamaica's second goal in the 79th minute.[48] Despite appearing four times for Jamaica in friendly games, he was still eligible to play for another national team as FIFA's regulations at the time did not bind players to a nation until they had played a competitive game.

As a British passport holder born outside the United Kingdom, FIFA regulations at the time allowed him to select which of the Home Nations he would like to represent, which led to interest from the non-English Home Nations. In September 1999, he rejected a call-up from Northern Ireland[49] in favour of joining up with Wales, managed by former Manchester United teammate Mark Hughes and coach Eric Harrison.[50][51] However, he picked up an ankle injury in the lead-up to the game and missed out on the match-day squad.[52]

Following his injury, he was approached to play for Scotland by national manager Craig Brown.[53] Johnson agreed to pledge his international future to Scotland in October 1999, but he was not selected for Scotland's Euro 2000 play-off against England.[54][55] However, before he could be selected for any Scotland matches, it was revealed that due to an agreement made between the Home Nations in 1993, Johnson would not be eligible to play for any Home Nation other than England, as his mother is from Birmingham.[56] Although Johnson met the terms required by FIFA to play internationally for Scotland, he did not meet the terms of the agreement set out in 1993.

In January 2000, Horace Reid of the Jamaica Football Federation invited Johnson to join the Jamaican squad for the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup,[57] but Johnson was not named in the final squad.[58]

In 2004, Northern Ireland made a second attempt to call Johnson up, but the efforts came to nothing.[59] National team manager Lawrie Sanchez told the Belfast Telegraph that Johnson did not qualify. Sanchez said, "I did speak to David Johnson a while ago; he was interested, but when we checked his eligibility we found out that his mother's English and therefore he can't play for us."[60]

Personal life

[edit]

Johnson was married to Alison Johnson from 1995 to September 2009, when they separated after Johnson had an affair.[citation needed] In July 2010, he was charged with causing more than £6,000 of damage to his ex-wife's home and car in West Bridgford, just south of Nottingham.[61] During the trial, the court heard that Johnson often visited his former residence while drunk, but later expressed his intention not to drink again.[62]

In November 2000, television presenter Richard Keys was heard making a racially motivated comment about Johnson while broadcasting live on a Sky test channel. While discussing Johnson's potential eligibility to play for the Scotland national team with pundits Ray Wilkins and Graeme Souness, Keys referred to Johnson as a "choco jocko". The incident was brought to the public eye in February 2011, following Keys' departure from Sky for various other inappropriate remarks.[63]

Johnson is the father of fellow professional footballer Brennan Johnson who plays for Tottenham Hotspur and Wales.[64]

Career statistics

[edit]

Club

[edit]
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
Club Season League FA Cup League Cup Other Total
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Manchester United 1994–95[3] Premier League 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bury 1995–96 Third Division 36 5 1 0 3 1 2[a] 0 42 6
1996–97[65] Second Division 44 8 1 0 4 0 3[a] 1 52 9
1997–98[66] First Division 17 5 4 3 21 8
Total 97 18 2 0 11 4 5 1 115 23
Ipswich Town 1997–98[66] First Division 31 20 4 2 2[b] 0 37 22
1998–99[67] First Division 42 13 2 0 4 1 2[b] 0 50 14
1999–2000[68] First Division 44 22 1 0 4 1 3[b] 0 52 23
2000–01[69] Premier League 14 0 5 3 19 3
Total 131 55 7 2 13 5 7 0 158 62
Nottingham Forest 2000–01[69] First Division 19 2 19 2
2001–02[70] First Division 22 3 1 0 2 0 25 3
2002–03[71] First Division 42 25 1 0 2 2 2[b] 2 47 29
2003–04[72] First Division 17 7 0 0 1 0 18 7
2004–05[73] Championship 31 6 1 0 4 0 36 6
2005–06[74] League One 17 3 2 0 1 0 20 3
Total 148 46 5 0 10 2 2 2 165 50
Sheffield Wednesday (loan) 2001–02[70] First Division 7 2 7 2
Burnley (loan) 2001–02[70] First Division 8 5 8 5
Sheffield United (loan) 2004–05[73] Championship 4 0 4 0
Hucknall Town 2006–07[75] Conference North 8 4 8 4
Career total 403 130 14 2 34 11 14 3 465 146
Notes
  1. ^ a b Appearances in Football League Trophy
  2. ^ a b c d Appearances in First Division play-offs

International

[edit]
Appearances and goals by national team and year[76]
National team Year Apps Goals
Jamaica 1999 4 2
Total 4 2
Scores and results list Jamaica's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Johnson goal.
List of international goals scored by David Johnson
No. Date Venue Cap Opponent Score Result Competition Ref.
1 31 March 1999 Independence Park, Kingston, Jamaica 2  Paraguay 3–0 3–0 Friendly [76]
2 8 September 1999 Independence Park, Kingston, Jamaica 3  United States 2–1 2–2 Friendly [76]

Honours

[edit]

Bury

Ipswich Town

Individual

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Butler, Cliff, ed. (1992). Manchester United Official Yearbook 1992. Manchester United FC. p. 26.
  2. ^ a b "Fergie rates former reject Johnson". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 23 August 2000. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  3. ^ a b c "David Johnson". redStat. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  4. ^ Butler, Cliff, ed. (1994). Manchester United Official Yearbook 1994. Manchester United FC. p. 24.
  5. ^ Butler, Cliff, ed. (1995). Manchester United Official Yearbook 1995. Manchester United Football Club. pp. 136–8.
  6. ^ "Man. United 4-0 Galatasaray". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  7. ^ Butler, Cliff, ed. (1996). Manchester United Official Yearbook 1996. Manchester United FC. p. 43.
  8. ^ a b c d "David Johnson". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  9. ^ "Bury". fchd.info. Richard Rundle. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  10. ^ "Wolverhampton Wanderers (1) 1-1 (1) Ipswich Town". Pride of Anglia. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  11. ^ a b c "David Johnson". Pride of Anglia. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  12. ^ "Ipswich Town (3) 5-2 (1) Oxford United". Pride of Anglia. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  13. ^ a b "Ipswich Town". fchd.info. Richard Rundle. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  14. ^ "Play-off joy at last for Burley's Ipswich". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 29 June 2000. Archived from the original on 10 May 2001. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  15. ^ "Johnson signs new contract". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 21 July 2000. Archived from the original on 24 August 2000. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  16. ^ "Ipswich 5-0 Millwall (Agg: 5-2)". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 26 September 2000. Archived from the original on 11 December 2000. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  17. ^ Brodkin, Jon (29 November 2000). "Buoyant Ipswich set sights on Europe". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  18. ^ "Forest chase Johnson". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 4 January 2001. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  19. ^ Taylor, Daniel (8 January 2001). "Jones wakes sleeping Wolves". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  20. ^ "Forest complete £3.5m Johnson deal". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 12 January 2001. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  21. ^ "Nottm Forest 0-3 Crystal Palace". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 14 January 2001. Archived from the original on 14 March 2002. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  22. ^ "Nottm Forest 3-1 Grimsby". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 24 February 2001. Archived from the original on 27 January 2002. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  23. ^ "Sheff Utd 1-3 Nottm Forest". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 March 2001. Archived from the original on 27 June 2001. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  24. ^ "Turbulent times by the Trent". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 7 February 2002. Archived from the original on 13 February 2002. Retrieved 13 February 2002.
  25. ^ "Forest set to sell". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 24 April 2002. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  26. ^ "Johnson injury rocks Reds". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 26 February 2003. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  27. ^ "Nottm Forest 2-2 Grimsby". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 March 2003. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  28. ^ "Johnson extends Forest deal". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 September 2003. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  29. ^ "Nottm Forest 3-1 Sheff Utd". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 13 September 2003. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  30. ^ "No double fracture for Johnson". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 15 September 2003. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  31. ^ "Dawson boosts Forest". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 February 2004. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  32. ^ "Johnson starts comeback". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 9 March 2004. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  33. ^ "Nottm Forest 3-2 Crystal Palace". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 13 March 2004. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  34. ^ "Johnson asks for Forest transfer". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 4 February 2005. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  35. ^ "Johnson completes Blades transfer". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 March 2005. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  36. ^ "Megson begins rebuilding process". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 May 2005. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  37. ^ "Johnson wins recall from Megson". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 26 July 2005. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  38. ^ "Johnson wants to stay at Forest". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 8 August 2005. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  39. ^ "Johnson has injection in his back". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 21 November 2005. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  40. ^ "Forest hit by new Johnson setback". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 6 December 2005. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  41. ^ "Johnson steps up comeback efforts". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 16 May 2006. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  42. ^ "Back injury ends Johnson career". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 13 September 2006. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  43. ^ "Burton fail in bid to bag Johnson". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 21 March 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  44. ^ "Star striker Johnson told to quit". Hucknall Dispatch. 13 July 2007. Archived from the original on 8 October 2007.
  45. ^ "David Johnson: Forest face toughest Championship yet". Nottingham Post. Local World. 8 June 2013. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  46. ^ "Johnson looks to future". 30 November 2006.
  47. ^ "The Last England B Team Beat Russia 4-1 in '98". Daily Mirror. 24 May 2006.
  48. ^ "Jamaica International Matches Details 1998-2010". RSSSF. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  49. ^ "FOOTBALL: Johnson 'no' to Northern Ireland.(Sport)". The News Letter. 29 September 1999. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014 – via HighBeam.
  50. ^ Taylor, Chris (28 September 1999). "Striker Johnson united with Wales". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  51. ^ "Johnson gets Welsh call-up". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 27 September 1999. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  52. ^ "Wales 0-2 Switzerland". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  53. ^ "Scotland bid for Jamaican striker". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 October 1999. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  54. ^ "Johnson commits to Scotland". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 21 October 1999. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  55. ^ Sills, Adam (22 October 1999). "Johnson opts for Scotland but must wait for his debut". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  56. ^ "No Scotland place for Johnson". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 4 November 1999. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  57. ^ "Football: Jamaica want Johnson back.(Sport)". Daily Record. 6 January 2000. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014 – via HighBeam.
  58. ^ "CONCACAF Championship, Gold Cup 2000 - Full Details". RSSSF. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  59. ^ "GRANT: I'LL BE BACK; McCann's Promise to Sanchez". Sunday Mirror. 8 February 2004.[dead link]
  60. ^ "Sanchez move for Johnson is KO'd". Belfast Telegraph. 13 May 2004. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  61. ^ "Ex-Forest striker David Johnson smashed up marital home after break-up". Nottingham Post. Local World. 15 July 2010. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  62. ^ "Former Forest striker vows to stop drinking after he smashed up wife's home". Nottingham Post. Local World. 6 August 2010. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  63. ^ "Richard Keys accused of making racist comments towards black footballer ahead of TalkSport debut". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. 14 February 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  64. ^ Seelochan, Isaac (27 September 2023). "Brennan Johnson's dad makes 'difficult' Nottingham Forest admission after Tottenham transfer". Nottingham Post. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  65. ^ "Games played by David Johnson in 1996/1997". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  66. ^ a b "Games played by David Johnson in 1997/1998". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  67. ^ "Games played by David Johnson in 1998/1999". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  68. ^ "Games played by David Johnson in 1999/2000". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  69. ^ a b "Games played by David Johnson in 2000/2001". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  70. ^ a b c "Games played by David Johnson in 2001/2002". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  71. ^ "Games played by David Johnson in 2002/2003". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  72. ^ "Games played by David Johnson in 2003/2004". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  73. ^ a b "Games played by David Johnson in 2004/2005". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  74. ^ "Games played by David Johnson in 2005/2006". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  75. ^ Williams, Mike; Williams, Tony, eds. (2007). Non-League Club Directory 2008. Tony Williams Publications. pp. 222–223. ISBN 978-1-869833-57-2.
  76. ^ a b c "David Johnson". National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  77. ^ "Ipswich triumph at last". BBC News. 29 May 2000. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  78. ^ McKechnie, David (28 April 2003). "Henry lands PFA award". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  79. ^ "Player of the Year". Nottingham Forest F.C. 27 April 2003. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
[edit]