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Sclerococcum

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Sclerococcum
Sclerococcum parasiticum (black discs) growing on Pertusaria albescens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Eurotiomycetes
Order: Sclerococcales
Family: Dactylosporaceae
Genus: Sclerococcum
Fr. (1825)
Type species
Sclerococcum sphaerale
(Ach.) Fr. (1825)
Synonyms
  • Dactylospora Körb. (1855)

Sclerococcum is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Dactylosporaceae.

Taxonomy

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The genus was circumscribed in 1825 by Elias Magnus Fries.[1] The type species is Sclerococcum sphaerale, originally described in 1814 by Erik Acharius (as Spiloma sphaerale). This fungus is a lichenicolous hyphomycete – a mould that lives on a lichen. Most of the Sclerococcum species described since then are also lichenicolous, and most have a restricted host range. Molecular phylogenetics analysis published in 2012 showed that Sclerococcum sphaerale grouped together in a clade with species of Dactylospora in the class Eurotiomycetes.[2]

In 2016, Réblová and colleagues proposed a new family Sclerococcaceae in a new order (Sclerococcales) to accommodate the type genus Sclerococcum, Dactylospora, Rhopalophora, three strains of beetle-associated fungi, and an isolate of Fusichalara minuta.[3] This classification was not accepted in the 2017 Outline of the Ascomycota, which retained the family Dactylosporaceae.[4]

Species

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References

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  1. ^ Fries, Elias M. (1825). Systema Orbis Vegetabilis (in Latin). Vol. 1. Lund: Typographia Academica. p. 79.
  2. ^ Diederich, Paul; Ertz, Damien; Lawrey, James D.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh; Untereiner, Wendy A. (2012). "Molecular data place the hyphomycetous lichenicolous genus Sclerococcum close to Dactylospora (Eurotiomycetes) and S. parmeliae in Cladophialophora (Chaetothyriales)". Fungal Diversity. 58 (1): 61–72. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0179-4.
  3. ^ Réblová, Martina; Untereiner, Wendy A.; Štěpánek, Václav; Gams, Walter (2016). "Disentangling Phialophora section Catenulatae: disposition of taxa with pigmented conidiophores and recognition of a new subclass, Sclerococcomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes)". Mycological Progress. 16 (1): 27–46. doi:10.1007/s11557-016-1248-y.
  4. ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Liu, Jian Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Ekanayaka, Anusha H.; Tian, Qing; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa (2018). "Outline of Ascomycota: 2017". Fungal Diversity. 88 (1): 167–263. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8.
  5. ^ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Zelenko, S.D. (2002). "New lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Israel and the Near East". Ukrainskiy Botanichnyi Zhurnal. 59 (5): 598–607.
  6. ^ a b Diederich, P. (2015). "Two new lichenicolous species of Sclerococcum (asexual Ascomycetes) growing on Graphidaceae". Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois. 117: 35–42.
  7. ^ a b Joshi, Y. (2021). "Two new species of lichenicolous fungus Sclerococcum (Dactylosporaceae, Sclerococcales) from India". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 63 (1–2): 67–75. doi:10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.5.
  8. ^ Zhurbenko, M.P.; Pino-Bodas, R. (2017). "A revision of lichenicolous fungi growing on Cladonia, mainly from the Northern Hemisphere, with a worldwide key to the known species". Opuscula Philolichenum. 16: 188–266.
  9. ^ Diederich, P. (1990). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi 1. Species from Luxembourg". Mycotaxon. 37: 297–330.
  10. ^ Elix, J.A.; McCarthy, P.M.; Hafellner, J. (2019). "A new lichenicolous species of Sclerococcum (Dactylosporaceae, Ascomycota) from south-eastern Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 85: 43–45.
  11. ^ Spribille, Toby; Fryday, Alan M.; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Svensson, Måns; Tønsberg, Tor; Ekman, Stefan; Holien, Håkon; Resl, Philipp; Schneider, Kevin; Stabentheiner, Edith; Thüs, Holger; Vondrák, Jan; Sharman, Lewis (2020). "Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska". The Lichenologist. 52 (2): 61–181. doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079. hdl:10261/232567.
  12. ^ Berger, F. (2000). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flechten und lichenicolen Pilze Islands". Acta Botanica Islandica (in German). 13: 69–82.
  13. ^ Etayo, J. (1995). "Two new species of lichenicolous fungi from the Pyrenees". Nova Hedwigia. 61 (1–2): 189–197.
  14. ^ Diederich, P.; Scholz, P. (1994). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi. 5. - Sclerococcum leuckertii spec. nova (Deuteromycotina)". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 57: 113–116.
  15. ^ Hafellner, J. (1996). "Bemerkenswerte Funde von Flechten und lichenicolen Pilzen auf makaronesischen Inseln V". Herzogia (in German). 12: 133–145.
  16. ^ a b Diederich, P.; van den Boom, P. (2017). "Sclerococcum phaeophysciae and S. toensbergii, two new lichenicolous asexual Ascomycetes, with a revised key to the species of Sclerococcum". Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois. 119: 71–78.
  17. ^ Boqueras, M.; Diederich, P. (1993). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi. 3. Karsteniomyces llimonae sp. nov. and Sclerococcum serusiauxii sp. nov. (Deuteromycotina)". Mycotaxon. 47: 425–431.
  18. ^ Hawksworth, D.L. (1979). "The lichenicolous Hyphomycetes". Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History. 6 (3): 249.
  19. ^ Etayo, J.; Calatayud, V. (1998). "Sclerococcum (Deuteromycotina) with black sporodochia in Spain". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien. 100: 677–681.
  20. ^ Alstrup, V. (1993). "News on lichenicolous fungi from the Nordic countries". Graphis Scripta. 5 (2): 96–104.
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