Cyrtospirifer

Cyrtospirifer; Temporal range: Upper Givetian - Lower Famennian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Cyrtospirifer verneuili from Namur (Belgium), Upper Devonian
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Brachiopoda
Class:	Rhynchonellata
Order:	†Spiriferida
Family:	†Cyrtospiriferidae
Genus:	†Cyrtospirifer; Nalivkin, 1924
Species
	C. verneuili (Murchison), 1840 (type) = Spirifer verneuili, S. lonsdalii ; C. ainosawensis Tazawa, Inose & Kaneko, 2017 ; C. aouinetensis Gourvennec, 2019 ; C. archiaci (Murchison, 1840) ; C. chemungensis (Conrad, 1842) = Delthyris chemungensis, C. altiplicus ; C. choanjiensis Tazawa, 2017 ; C. conoideus (Roemer, 1843) ; C. disjunctus (Sowerby,1840) ; C. inermis (Hall, 1843) = Delthyris inermis ; C. hornellensis Greiner, 1957 ; C. kharaulakhensis Fredericks, 1919 ; C. loonesi Brice, 2002 ; C. mylaensis Sokiran, 2006 ; C. placitus Stainbrook, 1945 ; C. preshoensis Greiner, 1957 ; C. robardeti Gourvennec, 2019 ; C. rudkinensis Sokiran, 2006 ; C. schelonicus Nalivkin, 1941 ; C. syringothyriformis (Paeckelmann, 1942) ; C. tenticulum (Verneuil, 1845) = Spirifer tenticulum ; C. whitneyi (Hall, 1858) ;

Cyrtospirifer is an extinct genus of brachiopods. The fossils are present in the Middle and Upper Devonian.

Taxonomy

It is likely that Tenticospirifer, that itself appeared during early Givetian, includes the ancestor of Cyrtospirifer. Cyrtospirifer first occurs in western Europe in the Late Givetian. Tenticospirifer has a relatively narrow hinge line and an inflated and thick shell in common with two of the oldest species known, C. verneuiliformis and C. aperturatus. This group dominated during the late Givetian, but was replaced by other species, such as C. syringothyriformis and C. verneuili which have wide hinge lines and thinner shells.^[2]

Description

Cyrtospirifer has a medium to large sized shell, wider than long.

Cyrtospirifer verneuili, 24mm long and about 60mm wide, brachial valve
pedicle valve
lateral
posterior
anterior

Reassigned species

C. glaucus = Regelia glauca

References

^ ^a ^b Rémy Gourvennec (2019). "Silurian-Devonian Spiriferida and Spiriferinida (Brachiopods) from the Tindouf Basin (Algeria)". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 313 (4–6): 81–149. Bibcode:2019PalAA.313...81G. doi:10.1127/pala/2019/0083.
^ Ma, Xueping; Day, Jed (2003). "Revision of Selected North American and Eurasian Late Devonian (Frasnian) species of Cyrtospirifer and Regelia (Brachiopoda)". Journal of Paleontology. 77 (2): 267–292. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0267:rosnaa>2.0.co;2.

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[Gourvennec-1] Rémy Gourvennec (2019). "Silurian-Devonian Spiriferida and Spiriferinida (Brachiopods) from the Tindouf Basin (Algeria)". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 313 (4–6): 81–149. Bibcode:2019PalAA.313...81G. doi:10.1127/pala/2019/0083.

[2] Ma, Xueping; Day, Jed (2003). "Revision of Selected North American and Eurasian Late Devonian (Frasnian) species of Cyrtospirifer and Regelia (Brachiopoda)". Journal of Paleontology. 77 (2): 267–292. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0267:rosnaa>2.0.co;2.

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