Zonaria pyrum

Zonaria pyrum
A shell of Zonaria pyrum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Family:	Cypraeidae
Genus:	Zonaria
Species:	Z. pyrum
Binomial name
Zonaria pyrum (Gmelin, 1791)
Synonyms
Cypraea bifasciata Monterosato, 1897 Cypraea guttata Risso, 1826 · Cypraea pyrum Gmelin, 1791 (basionym) Cypraea pirum var. physoides Coen, 1933 · Cypraea pyrum var. aurantia (Coen, 1949) Cypraea pyrum var. compressa (Coen, 1949) Cypraea pyrum var. cruenta (Coen, 1949) · Cypraea pyrum var. elongata (Coen, 1949) · Cypraea pyrum var. grandis Monterosato, 1898 junior subjective synonym Cypraea pyrum var. minor Monterosato, 1898 junior subjective synonym Cypraea pyrum var. nivosa (Coen, 1949) Cypraea pyrum var. normalis Monterosato, 1898 junior subjective synonym Cypraea pyrum var. pallida Pallary, 1900 Cypraea pyrum var. typica Monterosato, 1898 junior subjective synonym Zonaria pyrum var. aurantia Coen, 1949 · Zonaria pyrum var. compressa Coen, 1949 · Zonaria pyrum var. confusa Coen, 1949 · Zonaria pyrum var. cruenta Coen, 1949 · Zonaria pyrum var. elongata Coen, 1949 · Zonaria pyrum var. hepatica Coen, 1949 · Zonaria pyrum var. minima Coen, 1949 · Zonaria pyrum var. nivosa Coen, 1949 · Zonaria pyrum var. piperitoides Coen, 1949

Zonaria pyrum, common name the pear cowry, is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.

Subspecies

• Zonaria pyrum insularum F. A. Schilder, 1928
• Zonaria pyrum pyrum (Gmelin, 1791)

Description

The shells of these quite common cowries reach on average 32–38 millimetres (1.3–1.5 in) of length, with a minimum size of 17 millimetres (0.67 in) and a maximum size of 52 millimetres (2.0 in).

Description

They are very variable in pattern and colour. The surface is smooth and shiny, their basic color is usually orange-brown, with many brown spots and two or three clear trasversal bands. The base, the margins and the teeth are orange or pinkish. In the living cowries mantle and foot are quite developed, with external antennae. The mantle is orange-reddish, with yellow papillae. The lateral flaps may hide completely the shell surface and may be quickly retracted into the shell opening.

Distribution

This species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea to southwest Africa, off Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Italy, Lampedusa Island, Sicily, Malta, Greece, Turkey, Senegal, Gabon and Angola.

Habitat

These cowries live in tropical and subtropical waters usually up to 15–50 metres (49–164 ft) of depth, hidden under rocks or coral slabs and caves. They are omnivore-grazer, mainly feeding at night on sponges, algae and corals.

References

• Coen, G. (1933). Saggio di una Sylloge Molluscorum Adriaticorum. Memorie del Regio Comitato Talassografico Italiano. 192: i-vii, 1–186, pl. 1–10.
• Coen, G. (1949). Nota su alcune forme nuove di Cypreacea. Historia Naturalis. 3(1): 13–18.
• Repetto G., Orlando F. & Arduino G. (2005): Conchiglie del Mediterraneo, Amici del Museo "Federico Eusebio", Alba, Italy
• Bergonzoni M. (2013) The Zonaria pyrum complex. Beautifulcowries Magazine 3: 35–56.
• Lorenz, F. (2017). Cowries. A guide to the gastropod family Cypraeidae. Volume 1, Biology and systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 644 pp.

External links

• Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae
• Monterosato, T. A. di. (1898). Sur les Cypraea de la Méditerranée. Journal de Conchyliologie. 45 (3): 153-165, pl. 6
• Risso, A. (1826–1827). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. [book series]. volumes 1–5. Paris, F.G. Levrault. vol. 3. Mammifères. Oiseaux. Poissons / vol. 4. Mollusques. Annélides / vol. 5. Crustacés. Myriapodes, scorpionides, arachnides et acarides. Insectes. Vers intestinaux. Radiaires. Zoophytes
• Pallary, P. (1900). Coquilles marines du littoral du département d'Oran. Journal de Conchyliologie. 48(3): 211-422
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213.
• Biolib
• "Zonaria pyrum pyrum". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

A shell of Zonaria pyrum, dorsal view, anterior end towards the right

A shell of Zonaria pyrum from Sicily, lateral view, anterior end towards the right

A shell of Zonaria pyrum from Sicily, apertural view, anterior end towards the left