Croxdale Estate
The Croxdale Hall Estate at Croxdale near Sunderland Bridge, County Durham, England, has been owned by the Salvin family since the 15th century. Its principal building is the Grade I listed Croxdale Hall.
Ownership
[edit]The staunchly Roman Catholic Salvin family came to Croxdale by the marriage in 1402 of Gerard Salvin of Harswell, Yorkshire, to Agnes de Rissaby,[2] heiress of Croxdale. They have held the property ever since. Records of the Salvin family are held by Durham County Record Office.
Croxdale Hall
[edit]The house, originally in Tudor style, dates from the 17th century. Major alterations in about 1760 were carried out for William Salvin, probably to designs by architect John Carr, including the two-storey seven-bay west entrance front. The impressive internal Rococo plasterwork dates from this time.[3]
A three-walled garden and lakes were laid out in the mid-18th century,[4] creating a pleasure ground through which the family could demonstrate their wealth and status with the exotic plants they acquired through their gardener John Kennedy (1719–1790), his Hammersmith-based nurseryman brother Lewis Kennedy (1721–1782), and his business partner James Lee (1715–1795).[5] The gardens have been listed at Grade II* on the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens since 1993.[4] As of 2024[update], they are on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register regarding the condition of walls and water features.[6]
Further alterations to the house by architect James Wyatt in about 1807 included the addition of a five-bay south wing and the insertion of a Gothic Revival-style Roman Catholic chapel into the 18th-century north wing.[3]
The house served as a military hospital from 1940 to 1945 and then as a maternity home until at least 1954. It was designated as Grade I listed in 1967.[3] More recently, the hall has been restored as a family home. It is open to the public by appointment.[citation needed]
Other buildings
[edit]A disused 12th-century chapel which stands in the grounds is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and also a Grade I listed building.[7] It was in use as a chapel of ease to St Oswalds, Elvet, until the new parish church of St. Bartholomew was built by the Salvins in 1845. Although it was repaired around 2021, as of 2024[update] the building is on the Heritage at Risk Register owing to "unresolved damp issues".[8]
Also in the grounds is an 18th-century house (Grade II* listed) which housed the priests who served as chaplains to the Salvin family.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, pp.1979-1980, Salvin of Croxdale, ASIN: B0013HVTFY
- ^ Surtees, Robert. The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham.
- ^ a b c Historic England. "Croxdale Hall (1159140)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ a b Historic England. "Croxdale Hall (park and garden) (1001271)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Howard, Clare. "Croxdale Hall, County Durham: An Assessment of the Walled Garden Historic England Research Report 37/2016". research.historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ^ "Heritage at Risk: Croxdale Hall, Croxdale and Hett". Historic England. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Historic England. "Church, 50 metres north-east of Croxdale Hall (1120740)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Heritage at Risk: Church, 50 metres north east of Croxdale Hall, Croxdale Hall, Croxdale and Hett". Historic England. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ Historic England. "PRIESTS HOUSE 90 METRES EAST OF CROXDALE HALL, Croxdale and Hett (1120739)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Croxdale Estate at Wikimedia Commons- History of the County of Durham (1928) Vol 3 pp157–174 via British History online
- Visit North East England entry on Croxdale Hall, archived in 2011
