Janjevci

Janjevci
Janjevët or Kroatët e Kosovës (Albanian); Janjevci or Kosovski Hrvati (Croatian)
	Town of Janjevo, the traditional centre of this community
Total population
	Unknown
Regions with significant populations
	Kosovo: ca. 400 people (2011); Croatia: ca. 966 families (2002 est.)
Languages
	Prizren-Timok dialect of Serbo-Croatian; Albanian
Religion
	Roman Catholicism
Related ethnic groups
	Croats

Janjevci (pronounced [ˈjaːɲeʋtsi], Albanian: Janjevët, Serbo-Croatian: Janjevci / Јањевци) or Kosovo Croats (Albanian: Kroatët e Kosovës, Serbo-Croatian: Kosovski Hrvati / Косовски Хрвати) are a Croat community in Kosovo, inhabiting the town of Janjevo and surrounding villages near Pristina, as well as villages centered on Letnica near Vitia (Šašare, Vrnez, and Vrnavokolo), who are also known as Letničani.

Identity and culture

The Janjevci, an ethnic Croat community, derive their name from their traditional community center, Janjevo. It is believed that the community descends from migrating merchants from the Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik and its hinterland^[1]) who settled the area in the 14th century medieval Serbia. The earliest written record of Catholics in Janjevo is a letter from Pope Benedict XI, dated 1303, which mentions the Catholic parish of St. Nicholas with its center in Janjevo. Together with the Saxons from Saxony, they worked the Serbian mines.^[1] The Croatian population of Shasharë is believed to be of partial Saxon origin.^[2]

They have maintained their Catholic faith until today. The community speaks the Prizren-South Morava dialect. Accordingng to the work of Croatian historian Đuro Arnold, the Janjevci have adopted the tradition of celebrating "Slava" - patron saint of the family (Arnold, 2013). Most of the families together celebrate Saint Nicholas (December 6 and May 9) along with Saint Sebastian, Saint Anne and Anthony of Padua. According to the research of anthropologist Pero Lučin, on the evening before the main feast, traditional "Pogača" bread and a candle are blessed by a priest and used at the family gathering (Lučin, 2004).

The community also celebrates Saint George's Day (known among Janjevci as "Đurđevdan") - an important holiday, especially for teen Janjevci who would prepare a special celebration called "rifana". The parish church celebrates its feast day on the day of Translation of the Relics of Saint Nicholas from Myra to Bari (May 9 in byzantine calendar) which is known among Janjevci as "sveti Nikola ljetni" (also "župna slava" or "dan župe").

Demographic history

In 1948, there were 5,290 Croats (0.7%) in Kosovo; in 1971 there were 8,264; in 1981 - 8,718 (0.6%); in 1991 - 8,062 (0.4%). During and after the Kosovo War, most of the community had fled to Croatia. 1998 estimations had their number at only 1,800, of which 350 lived in Janjevo. In 2008, there were only 300 Croats estimated to live in Janjevo.^[3] In 2011, about 270 Croats lived in the area.^[4] The Croatian government has planned to resettle the remaining Janjevci in Kosovo to Croatia. According to the Kosovan 2011 census, there was a total of ca. 400 Janjevci, of whom 80 remain in the Vitia municipality.^{[citation needed]}

Janjevci community in Croatia

Janjevci families started migrating to SR Croatia, part of Yugoslavia, in the 1950s, mostly settling in Zagreb. By the beginning of the 1970s, there was a large community of Janjevci along and within the vicinity of Konjšćinska Street in Dubrava, a district in the eastern part of Zagreb. They have since turned this area into a vibrant shopping district.

During the Yugoslav Wars, a significant part of the Janjevci emigrated to Croatia in several waves (1992, 1995, 1997, 1999), and Letničani were settled by the authorities in Voćin and Đulovac (western Slavonia) and Janjevci in Kistanje (the Dalmatian hinterland) in the abandoned homes of Serbs.^[5] Following the end of the Kosovo War from June to October 1999, the Janjevci population of Kosovo dropped from 700 to 360. Ongoing acts of violence and harassment from Kosovo Albanians and general uncertainty instigated the mass exodus.^[6]

In April 2017, 196 displaced Letničani, composed of 41 families who were waiting on homes promised by the state, were finally given newly built houses in the settlement Dumače, in the municipality of Petrinja.^[7]

According to records^[which?] in 2002, there are 966 families of Janjevci in Croatia, with the majority of them residing in the capital Zagreb (669 families), and the rest in other parts of Croatia (297 families).^{[citation needed]}

Famous people

Roko Glasnović - Croatian Roman Catholic prelate
Anton Glasnović, Croatian sports shooter and World Championships silver medalist
Josip Glasnović, Croatian sports shooter and Olympic champion^[8]
Petar Palić, Croatian Roman Catholic prelate
Željko Glasnović, Croatian military officer and politician
Marijan Brkić Brk - Croatian guitarist and producer
Mario Petreković - croatian television actor and presenter

References

^ ^a ^b Jan Briza; Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia (2000). Minorities in Serbia. Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia. p. 48. ISBN 978-86-7208-025-4.
^ Ger H. J. Duijzings (1999). Religion and the politics of identity in Kosovo (PDF). p. 43. Some Croats, especially those living in Šašare, are believed to be partially of Saxon origin.
^ Refki Alija (2008-08-15). "Kako žive Hrvati u Janjevu?". Deutsche Welle (in Croatian). Retrieved 2013-04-22.
^ "Ethnic Croats in Kosovo unhappy with security". Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
^ Antonijević, Nenad (November 2004). "Stanovništvo hrvatske nacionalnosti na Kosovu – Janjevci" (PDF). Dijalog povjesničara - istoričara 9, Vršac (in Serbian). Zagreb, Croatia: Political Science Research Centre Ltd. (PSRC) for Scientific Research Work. pp. 288–289. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-01-28. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
^ "OSCE Report" (PDF). OSCE.
^ "Nakon 18 godina obitelji kosovskih Hrvata primili ključeve kuća u naselju Dumače".
^ "SN PRVE U OBITELJI OLIMPIJSKOG PRVAKA Ludnica u Dubravi: 'I Janjevci imaju olimpijsko zlato!". 2016.

External links

Željka Šiljković; Martin Glamuzina (June 2004). "Janjevo and Janjevci - from Kosovo to Zagreb". Geoadria. 9 (1). Croatian Geographical Society - Zadar, Department of Geography, University of Zadar: 89–109. ISSN 1331-2294.
Ovo je najstarija hrvatska dijaspora koja postoji od 14. stoljeća (in Croatian)

[MIS-1] Jan Briza; Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia (2000). Minorities in Serbia. Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia. p. 48. ISBN 978-86-7208-025-4.

[2] Ger H. J. Duijzings (1999). Religion and the politics of identity in Kosovo (PDF). p. 43. Some Croats, especially those living in Šašare, are believed to be partially of Saxon origin.

[3] Refki Alija (2008-08-15). "Kako žive Hrvati u Janjevu?". Deutsche Welle (in Croatian). Retrieved 2013-04-22.

[4] "Ethnic Croats in Kosovo unhappy with security". Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2011.

[Antonijević-5] Antonijević, Nenad (November 2004). "Stanovništvo hrvatske nacionalnosti na Kosovu – Janjevci" (PDF). Dijalog povjesničara - istoričara 9, Vršac (in Serbian). Zagreb, Croatia: Political Science Research Centre Ltd. (PSRC) for Scientific Research Work. pp. 288–289. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-01-28. Retrieved 2012-12-30.

[6] "OSCE Report" (PDF). OSCE.

[7] "Nakon 18 godina obitelji kosovskih Hrvata primili ključeve kuća u naselju Dumače".

[8] "SN PRVE U OBITELJI OLIMPIJSKOG PRVAKA Ludnica u Dubravi: 'I Janjevci imaju olimpijsko zlato!". 2016.

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