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Claud Jacob

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Field Marshal

Sir Claud Jacob

GCB, GCSI, KCMG
Lieutenant General Claud Jacob c. 1916
Born(1863-11-21)21 November 1863
Mahidpur, British India
Died2 June 1948(1948-06-02) (aged 84)
Service / branchIndian Army
Years of service1882–1925
RankField Marshal
CommandsCommander-in-Chief, India
Northern Command, India
Chief of the General Staff (India)
II Corps
21st Division
106th Hazara Pioneers
Zhob Levy Corps
Battles / warsNorth-West Frontier
First World War
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
RelationsLieutenant General Sir Ian Jacob (son)

Field Marshal Sir Claud William Jacob, GCB, GCSI, KCMG (21 November 1863 – 2 June 1948) was a British Indian Army officer. He served in the First World War as commander of the Dehra Dun Brigade, as General Officer Commanding 21st Division and as General Officer Commanding II Corps in the Fifth Army. During the Battle of the Somme, his corps undertook the British attack during the Battle of Thiepval Ridge in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the Battle of the Ancre in November 1916. He remained in command of II Corps for the Battle of Passchendaele in Autumn 1917. After the War he commanded a corps of the British Army of the Rhine during the occupation there and then served as Chief of the General Staff in India. He went on to be General Officer Commanding Northern Command in India before temporarily becoming Commander-in-Chief, India and then taking over as Military Secretary to the India Office.

Military career

[edit]

Jacob was born on 21 November 1863, at Mahidpur in the Bombay Presidency of British India, to Major-General William Jacob and Eliza Jacob.[1]

Educated at Sherborne School, he passed into Sandhurst and was commissioned into the Worcestershire Regiment on 9 September 1882.[2][3] On 16 December 1884, stationed at Quetta, he secured his transfer from the Worcestershire Regiment[4] to the Indian service[5] and, in July 1886, he became adjutant of the 30th Regiment (Jacob's) Bombay Native Infantry also known as 3rd Belooch Regiment (now 12 Baloch).[6] He first saw action with the Zhob Valley expedition of 1890 after which he was posted to the 24th (Baluchistan) Regiment of Bombay Infantry (now 6 Baloch) in 1891.[6] Promoted to captain on 9 September 1893[7] and to major on 10 July 1901,[8] he was selected to command the Zhob Levy Corps, which kept the peace in the North West Frontier Province along the Waziristan and Southern Afghanistan border.[6] He took part in the blockade of the Mahsud Waziri tribe at the end of 1901.[1] Promoted to lieutenant colonel on 1 October 1904,[9] he was given command of the 106th Hazara Pioneers.[6] Promoted to brevet colonel on 1 October 1908[10] and to full colonel on 1 January 1911,[11] he was appointed as a general staff officer grade 1 (GSO1) of the Meerut Division on 2 September 1912.[12]

A half length portrait of General Sir Claud Jacob in uniform, 1 March 1917.

Shortly after the outbreak of the First World War in the summer of 1914, Jacob went with the Meerut Division, part of the Indian Corps, to the Western Front, where he saw action at the closing stages of the Battle of La Bassée in October.[6] Promoted to temporary brigadier-general on 5 January 1915, he was appointed to command the Dehra Dun Brigade,[13] and led the brigade at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March 1915 and then in Battle of Aubers Ridge in May.[6] Promoted to temporary major-general on 7 September 1915,[14] he became general officer commanding (GOC) of the Meerut Division and led the division at the Battle of Loos in October.[6] While the Indian Corps was preparing to leave the Western front, he was appointed to take over as GOC of the 21st Division of the "New Armies" (see Kitchener's Army) on 18 November 1915.[6]

He was promoted to the substantive rank of major-general on 1 January 1916.[15][16] He was wounded in action on 4 March 1916:

Armentières. The enemy bombardment of the town commencing at 5pm. with shells of all calibres up to 5.9'. The bullet of the L-G.O.C. was hit and the G.S.O.1, Lieut.-Colonel Daniell, killed and his G.O.C. wounded.[3]

After returning briefly to his division in April he was promoted to temporary lieutenant-general on 28 May 1916[17] and appointed to command II Corps in the Fifth Army in September 1916.[18] During the Battle of the Somme, his corps undertook the British attack during the Battle of Thiepval Ridge in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the Battle of the Ancre in November 1916.[1] He remained in command of II Corps, having been promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 3 June 1917,[19] for the Battle of Passchendaele in the autumn of 1917 and for the rest of the war and into 1919.[18]

With the war now over, Jacob commanded a corps of the British Army of the Rhine during the occupation of the Rhineland.[18] He became Chief of the General Staff in India in January 1920 and was then both promoted to full general and appointed aide-de-camp to King George V on 31 May 1920.[20][21] He returned home to England in 1924, and in November of that year was given the Northern Command in India.[18] When General Lord Rawlinson died in March 1925, he acted temporarily as Commander-in-Chief, India, until General Sir William Birdwood took over that role in August 1925 and Jacob returned home again.[22][23] He took up the appointment of Military Secretary to the India Office in April 1926 and, having been promoted field marshal on 30 November 1926, he remained at the India Office until he retired from the army in May 1930.[24][25][26]

In retirement Jacob became Constable of the Tower of London.[27] He was also Colonel of 2nd Battalion, The Baluch Regiment (now 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment),[28] Colonel of the 106th Hazara Pioneers[29] and Colonel of the Worcestershire Regiment.[30] In January 1936 he attended the funeral of King George V[31] and in May 1937 he attended the coronation of King George VI.[32] He died at King's College Hospital in London on 2 June 1948 at the age of eighty-four.[3][18]

Family

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The Battle of Passchendaele, at which Jacob commanded II Corps, during the First World War

In 1894, he married Clara Pauline Wyatt, daughter of the Reverend J. L. Wyatt, well known as a missionary and student of oriental languages in India, and also a lecturer in Tamil at Cambridge University from 1895 to 1929. The couple had one son, Edward Ian Claud Jacob, who later became Assistant Military Secretary of the War Cabinet and Director-General of the BBC.[33]

Honours

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British

Foreign

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Sir Claud Jacob". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
  2. ^ "No. 25145". The London Gazette. 8 September 1882. p. 4178.
  3. ^ a b c Davies 1997, p. 154.
  4. ^ "No. 25440". The London Gazette. 10 February 1885. p. 576.
  5. ^ "No. 25568". The London Gazette. 16 March 1886. p. 1284.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Heathcote 1999, p. 190.
  7. ^ "No. 26458". The London Gazette. 14 November 1893. p. 6357.
  8. ^ "No. 27362". The London Gazette. 4 October 1901. p. 6487.
  9. ^ "No. 27751". The London Gazette. 6 January 1905. p. 151.
  10. ^ "No. 28247". The London Gazette. 4 May 1909. p. 3389.
  11. ^ "No. 28487". The London Gazette. 21 April 1911. p. 3095.
  12. ^ "No. 28657". The London Gazette. 25 October 1912. p. 7869.
  13. ^ "No. 29075". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 February 1915. p. 1710.
  14. ^ "No. 29319". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 October 1915. p. 9871.
  15. ^ "No. 29438". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 January 1916. p. 568.
  16. ^ Heathcote 1999, pp. 190–191.
  17. ^ "No. 29633". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 June 1916. p. 6193.
  18. ^ a b c d e f Heathcote 1999, p. 191.
  19. ^ "No. 30111". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 June 1917. p. 5463.
  20. ^ "No. 32185". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 December 1920. p. 12384.
  21. ^ "No. 32185". The London Gazette. 7 January 1921. p. 186.
  22. ^ "No. 33037". The London Gazette. 10 April 1925. p. 2469.
  23. ^ "No. 33081". The London Gazette. 4 September 1925. p. 5841.
  24. ^ "No. 33189". The London Gazette. 6 August 1926. p. 5206.
  25. ^ "No. 33225". The London Gazette. 30 November 1926. p. 7814.
  26. ^ "No. 33613". The London Gazette. 6 June 1930. p. 3572.
  27. ^ "No. 34495". The London Gazette. 22 March 1938. p. 1936.
  28. ^ "No. 33447". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 December 1928. p. 8255.
  29. ^ "No. 29651". The London Gazette. 4 July 1916. p. 6613.
  30. ^ "No. 33265". The London Gazette. 12 April 1927. p. 2408.
  31. ^ "No. 34279". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 April 1936. p. 2763.
  32. ^ "No. 34453". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 November 1937. p. 7035.
  33. ^ Miall 1994, p. 91–101.
  34. ^ "No. 31092". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1918. p. 3.
  35. ^ "No. 33611". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 May 1930. p. 3476.
  36. ^ "No. 32893". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 December 1923. p. 4.
  37. ^ "No. 33179". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 July 1926. p. 4403.
  38. ^ "No. 29886". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1916. p. 2.
  39. ^ "No. 33174". The London Gazette. 22 June 1926. p. 4037.
  40. ^ "No. 30568". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 March 1918. p. 3094.
  41. ^ "No. 31688". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 December 1919. p. 15577.
  42. ^ "No. 31109". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 January 1919. p. 313.
  43. ^ "No. 31451". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 July 1919. p. 8938.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Davies, Frank (1997). Bloody Red Tabs: General Officer Casualties of the Great War 1914–1918. London: Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 978-0-85052-463-5.
  • Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals 1736–1997. Barnsley (UK): Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
  • Miall, Leonard (1994). Inside the BBC: British Broadcasting Characters. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81328-5.
[edit]
Military offices
Preceded by GOC 21st Division
1915–1916 		Succeeded by
Preceded by GOC II Corps
1916–1919 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief of the General Staff (India)
1920–1924 		Succeeded by
Preceded by GOC-in-C, Northern Command, India
1924–1925 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief, India
1925 		Succeeded by
Sir William Birdwood
Preceded by Military Secretary to the India Office
1926–1930 		Succeeded by
Sir Alexander Cobbe
Honorary titles
Preceded by Constable of the Tower of London
1943–1948 		Succeeded by
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