Maroon-chested ground dove
| Maroon-chested ground dove | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Columbiformes |
| Family: | Columbidae |
| Genus: | Paraclaravis |
| Species: | P. mondetoura
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| Binomial name | |
| Paraclaravis mondetoura (Bonaparte, 1856)
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| Synonyms | |
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Claravis mondetoura | |
The maroon-chested ground dove (Paraclaravis mondetoura) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]The maroon-chested ground dove was originally placed in genus Claravis but a 2018 publication created the current genus Paraclaravis for it and the purple-winged ground dove (P. geoffroyi).[3][4] The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and Howard and Moore taxonomies treat it as monotypic.[2][5] However, the Clements taxonomy and the Handbook of the Birds of the World ascribe these six subspecies to it:[6][7]
- P. m. ochoterena van Rossem (1934)
- P. m. salvini Griscom (1930)
- P. m. umbrina Griscom (1930)
- P. m. pulchra Griscom (1930)
- P. m. mondetoura Bonaparte (1856)
- P. m. inca van Rossem (1934)
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Birds of the World account cautions that some of the subspecies were described from very small samples and may reflect individual, not subspecific, variation. It singles out P. m. inca as "doubtfully valid".[8]
Description
[edit]Males of the maroon-chested ground dove are 18 to 24 cm (7.1 to 9.4 in) long and females 19 to 22 cm (7.5 to 8.7 in). Both sexes weigh between 89 and 95 g (3.1 and 3.4 oz). The adult male's forehead, face, and chin are grayish white. Its breast is dark purple changing to gray on the belly and vent. Its upperparts and wings are blue-gray, with the folded wing showing two broad dark bars. The central tail feathers are gray, the outermost white, and those between grayish white. Its orange eye is surrounded by bare yellow skin. The adult female is brown overall with a cinnamon face; the darker wing bars are not as distinct. The juvenile is similar to the adult female but redder. The putative subspecies differ slightly in their coloration.[8]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The maroon-chested ground dove is found discontinuously from southeastern Mexico to Peru and Bolivia. The subspecies are described as distributed thus:[8]
- P. m. ochoterena, southeastern Mexico from Veracruz south to southern Chiapas
- P. m. salvini, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras
- P. m. umbrina, Costa Rica
- P. m. pulchra, western Panama
- P. m. mondetoura, northern and western Venezuela, Colombia, and eastern Ecuador
- P. m. inca, Peru and west central Bolivia
The maroon-chested ground dove inhabits dense undergrowth in wet montane forest, its edges, and thickets of secondary forest. It is strongly associated with bamboo. In elevation it ranges between 1,200 and 2,500 m (3,900 and 8,200 ft) in Mexico, 900 and 3,000 m (3,000 and 9,800 ft) in Costa Rica, 1,000 and 2,100 m (3,300 and 6,900 ft) in Panama, and 1,300 and 2,600 m (4,300 and 8,500 ft) in the Andes.[8]
Behavior
[edit]Feeding
[edit]The maroon-chested ground dove forages on the ground for seeds and fallen fruit. Usually it forages alone or in pairs, but has been noted feeding in flocks of up to 15 birds. Bamboo seeds are a major component of its diet, and it will stay in an area only as long as its bamboo is seeding.[8]
Breeding
[edit]Little is known about the maroon-chested ground dove's breeding phenology, but it is suspected to nest in loose colonies. The one described nest was a simple platform containing two eggs, placed in Chusquea bamboo in the mountains of southeastern Ecuador.[8]
Vocalization
[edit]
The maroon-chested ground dove's song is "a series of low-pitched, slightly rising bisyllable coos 'cuWOOP.....cuWOOP.....cuWOOP...'".[8]
Status
[edit]The IUCN has assessed the maroon-chested ground dove as being of Least Concern.[1] However, it is considered uncommon to rare, and is "[p]robably in danger of decline if heavy deforestation continues throughout its range."[8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b BirdLife International (2020). "Maroon-chested Ground-dove Paraclaravis mondetoura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
- ^ a b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ Sangster, G.; Sweet, A.D.; Johnson, K.P. (2018). "Paraclaravis, a new genus for the Purple-winged and Maroon-chested ground-doves (Aves: Columbidae)". Zootaxa. 4461 (1): 134–137. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4461.1.10. PMID 30314102.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
- ^ Dickinson, E. C., and J. V. Remsen, Editors (2013). The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Fourth edition. Volume 1. Aves Press, Eastbourne, UK.
- ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021
- ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
- ^ a b c d e f g h Baptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, H. M. Horblit, P. F. D. Boesman, G. M. Kirwan, and E. F. J. Garcia (2020). Maroon-chested Ground Dove (Paraclaravis mondetoura), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.mcgdov1.01 retrieved September 16, 2021
Further reading
[edit]- Sweet, A.D.; Maddox, J.D.; Johnson, K.P. (2017). "A complete molecular phylogeny of Claravis confirms its paraphyly within small New World ground-doves (Aves: Peristerinae) and implies multiple plumage state transitions". Journal of Avian Biology. 48 (3): 459–464. doi:10.1111/jav.01077.