Jump to content

Same-sex marriage in Luxembourg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Civil unions in Luxembourg)

Part of the LGBTQ rights series
Marriage

Recognized

Civil unions or registered partnerships but not marriage
Minimal recognition
See also
Notes
  1. ^ a b Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the Caribbean Netherlands), as well as in Aruba and Curaçao. May be registered in Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  2. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.
  3. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in six British Overseas Territories.
  4. ^ a b Neither performed nor recognized in some tribal nations. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and American Samoa.
  5. ^ Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
  6. ^ a b c d e The Coman v. Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.
  7. ^ A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.
  8. ^ Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
  9. ^ Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
  10. ^ Courts have recognised guru–shishya, nata pratha or maitri karar–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
  11. ^ Some cities and prefectures issue partnership certificates, but they are not legally binding.
  12. ^ Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.
  13. ^ Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
  1. ^ a b Not yet in effect.
LGBTQ portal

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Luxembourg since 1 January 2015. A bill for the legalisation of same-sex marriages was enacted by the Chamber of Deputies on 18 June 2014 and signed into law by Grand Duke Henri on 4 July. Polling suggests that a majority of Luxembourgers support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage. Luxembourg was the last Benelux country, the tenth in Europe and the sixteenth in the world to allow same-sex couples to marry nationwide.

Partnerships have also been available in Luxembourg since November 2004.

Partnerships

[edit]

Legislative action

[edit]

On 7 December 1995, Deputy Lydie Err introduced a private member's bill to create free unions (Luxembourgish: fräi Unioun, pronounced [fʀæːɪ uniˈəʊn]; French: union libre, pronounced [ynjɔ̃ libʁ]; German: eheähnliche Gemeinschaft, pronounced [ˈeːəˌɛːnlɪçə gəˈmaɪ̯nʃaft]) granting same-sex couples some of the rights and benefits of marriage.[1][2] Her party, the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), was part of the Juncker–Poos Government together with the Christian Social People's Party (CSV). A bill to legalise same-sex marriage was introduced as early as 9 May 1996 by Deputy Renée Wagener of the opposition Greens.[3][4][5] Both proposals would not get a Council of State opinion until 13 June 2000.

The Juncker–Polfer Government consisting of the CSV and the Democratic Party drafted a bill establishing partnerships (Luxembourgish: Partnerschaft, pronounced [ˈpɑʀtnɐʃɑft]; French: partenariat, pronounced [paʁtənaʁja]; German: Partnerschaft, pronounced [ˈpaʁtnɐʃaft]) approving it in cabinet on 26 April 2002. On 13 January 2004, the Council of State criticised taking the French civil solidarity pact as basis rather than the Belgian statutory cohabitation, which was of superior legal quality. The Council also recommended considering the legalisation of same-sex marriage, again taking neighbouring Belgium, which had then recently taken that step, as example.[6]

The government bill, along with the two earlier proposals, were debated and voted on together on 12 May 2004. The Chamber of Deputies approved the partnership bill by 33 votes to 7 with 20 abstentions. The bill was supported by the two governing parties and opposed by the Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR), with those abstaining being members of the LSAP, the Greens, and The Left. The Chamber rejected the bill creating free unions and the same-sex marriage bill, with the two governing parties voting against and the opposition parties voting in favour (except for the ADR voting against the same-sex marriage bill). The partnership law was signed by Grand Duke Henri on 9 July 2004 and took effect on 1 November 2004.[7] The partnerships, which are based on the French civil solidarity pact, are available to same-sex and opposite-sex couples. These partnerships provide many of the rights of marriage including welfare benefits and fiscal advantages, but exclude adoption rights.[8][9]

Statistics

[edit]

In 2011, 88.1% of Luxembourg couples were married, 2.7% were in a partnership and 9.1% were cohabiting.[10]

Same-sex marriage

[edit]
Laws regarding same-sex partnerships in Europe¹
  Marriage
  Civil union
  Limited domestic recognition (cohabitation)
  Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
¹ May include recent laws or court decisions that have not yet entered into effect.

Legislative action

[edit]

The ruling Christian Social People's Party until 2009 was opposed to same-sex marriage, even though Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, originating from the same party, had expressed his personal support.[11] In July 2007, a motion calling for the legalisation of same-sex marriage was rejected by Parliament, on a 38–22 vote.[12]

In July 2009, the newly formed Juncker–Asselborn Government announced its intention to legalise same-sex marriage.[13][14] During a debate on 19 January 2010, the Minister of Justice, François Biltgen, announced that a law to legalise same-sex marriage (with the exception of certain adoption rights) would be finalized before the summer vacation break of Parliament.[15][16] On 9 July 2010, the government approved the bill,[17][18][19][20] and on 10 August 2010 it was submitted to Parliament.[21] In May 2012, the bill was re-drafted and a vote was not expected at least until 2013.[21][22][23] On 27 November 2012, the Council of State delivered a negative response to the bill, but asked Parliament to open a debate on the topic if it moved to vote on the bill. Some members of the Council submitted separate opinions supporting the bill.[24]

On 6 February 2013, the Parliament's Legal Affairs Committee agreed to approve the measure opening marriage to same-sex couples.[25] On 20 February, the committee backed the right to simple adoption for same-sex couples, but restricting plenary adoption to opposite-sex couples.[26][27] On 6 March 2013, the committee confirmed that position.[28][29] However, on 4 June, the Council of State issued a second review, rejecting the compromise to allow simple adoption for all couples while restricting plenary adoption to opposite-sex couples only.[30][31][32] On 19 June 2013, the Legal Affairs Committee decided to back full adoption rights for same-sex couples. The bill was expected to be voted on by Parliament in the autumn of 2013,[33][34] however, a further delay was caused by elections in October 2013 following the resignation of the Juncker–Asselborn Government.[35]

The coalition agreement of the new Bettel–Schneider Government, sworn in on 4 December 2013 and led by gay Prime Minister Xavier Bettel, included marriage and adoption rights for same-sex couples, scheduled for the first trimester of 2014.[a][36] On 8 January 2014, the Minister of Justice, Félix Braz, stated that Parliament would vote on the bill in the summer of 2014 and, if approved, it would take effect before the end of 2014.[37][38]

On 19 March 2014, the Legal Affairs Committee completed its work on the marriage bill, and sent it to the Council of State, which released its opinion on 20 May 2014.[39][40][41] On 28 May, the committee voted to send the bill to the Chamber of Deputies, with every political party except the Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR) being in favour.[42][43] The legislation was approved by the Chamber of Deputies in a 56–4 vote on 18 June 2014.[44][45] On 24 June, the Council of State gave its consent to skip the second vote.[46][47] The law was promulgated by Grand Duke Henri on 4 July and published in the official gazette on 17 July 2014. It took effect the first day of the sixth month after publication (i.e. 1 January 2015).[48][49][50] In addition to providing full adoption rights to same-sex couples, the law allows lesbian couples to access artificial insemination in a relatively similar manner to opposite-sex couples. A notable distinction is that lesbian couples require approval from a psychologist. Although opposite-sex couples are also generally directed to a psychologist, the consultation is not mandatory.[51]

18 June 2014 vote in the Chamber of Deputies[52]
Party Voted for Voted against
  Christian Social People's Party
22
1
 G  Democratic Party
13
 –
 G  Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party
13
 –
 G  The Greens
6
 –
  Alternative Democratic Reform Party –
3
  The Left
2
 –
Total 56 4

The first same-sex couple to marry in Luxembourg was Henri Lorenzo Huber and Jean-Paul Olinger in Differdange on 1 January 2015. The marriage ceremony was performed by Mayor Roberto Traversini.[53] On 15 May 2015, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel married his partner Gauthier Destenay in a private ceremony at Luxembourg City Hall. Bettel became the first EU member state leader and just the second serving head of government worldwide (after Iceland's Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir) to marry a person of the same sex.[54] In November 2016, Vice Prime Minister Etienne Schneider confirmed that he and his partner Jérôme Domange had married in a private ceremony sometime in 2016.[55]

In June 2014, the Chamber of Deputies invalidated a petition that sought to repeal the new marriage law.[56] However, a court declared the petition valid on 16 November 2015.[57] The petition, called Schutz fir d'Kand in Luxembourgish ("Protection of the Child"), accompanied with about 4,500 signatures, was then re-presented to the Chamber of Deputies, which rejected it again in November 2016.[58][59] On 7 July 2015, a proposal by an ADR deputy to organize a referendum on opening marriage and adoption to same-sex couples was rejected by every other political party in the Chamber of Deputies.[60]

On 19 November 2015, a bill was introduced to Parliament to ensure recognition of same-sex marriages performed abroad before 1 January 2015. It was approved by the Chamber of Deputies on 19 April 2016 in a 50–3 vote,[61][62][63] and on 3 May, the Council of State gave its consent to skip the second vote in the Chamber.[64][65] The law was promulgated on 23 May, published in the official journal on 1 June, and took effect on 5 June 2016.[66]

Royal same-sex weddings

[edit]

Contacted by the newspaper L'essentiel, the Grand Ducal Court of Luxembourg confirmed in October 2021 that members of the royal family may enter into a same-sex marriage without having to forfeit the crown or lose their royal titles and privileges or their place in the line of succession, though the marriage—like opposite-sex marriages—would require the approval of the Grand Duke or Grand Duchess. This followed similar announcements concerning other European royal families.[67]

Statistics

[edit]

In 2015, approximately 120 same-sex marriages took place in Luxembourg; 49 and 11 of which occurred in Luxembourg City and Esch-sur-Alzette, the two largest cities in the country. This represented about 7% of all marriages.[68][69] About 69% of same-sex partners who married that year were aged above 40 (74% for male couples and 61% for female couples).[70]

Religious performance

[edit]

In May 2015, the Protestant Church of Luxembourg voted 94–3 to allow its pastors to bless same-sex marriages. Pastors are under no obligation to bless same-sex marriages if this would violate their personal beliefs. The first blessing occurred a few weeks later.[71]

The Catholic Church opposes same-sex marriage and does not allow its priests to officiate at such marriages. In December 2023, the Holy See published Fiducia supplicans, a declaration allowing Catholic priests to bless couples who are not considered to be married according to church teaching, including the blessing of same-sex couples.[72][73]

Public opinion

[edit]

A 2006 Angus Reid Global Monitor poll found that 58% of Luxembourgers supported same-sex marriage.[74] An April 2013 PoliMonitor survey commissioned by the Luxemburger Wort and RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg placed support for same-sex marriage in Luxembourg at 83% and for adoption by same-sex couples at 55%.[75]

The 2015 Eurobarometer found that 75% of Luxembourgers thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 20% were opposed.[76] In 2019, the Eurobarometer showed that support had increased to 85%, with 9% opposed.[77]

The 2023 Eurobarometer found that 84% of Luxembourgers thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 13% were opposed. The survey also found that 86% of Luxembourgers thought that "there is nothing wrong in a sexual relationship between two persons of the same sex", while 13% disagreed.[78]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Page 12: La réforme sur le droit au mariage pour tous les couples, indépendamment de leur genre ou identité sexuelle sera adoptée au courant du premier trimestre 2014. (translating to "The reform on the right to marriage for all couples, regardless of their gender or sexual identity will be adopted in the first trimester of 2014.")

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg". Archived from the original on 2020-02-15. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
  2. ^ Jaouid, Safouane (2014). Lexique juridique trilingue luxembourgeois. Éditions Larcier. ISBN 9782879747637.
  3. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg". Archived from the original on 2020-02-15. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
  4. ^ "ILGA Euroletter 42, June 1996". Archived from the original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
  5. ^ "Mariage et adoption - L'égalité, c'est maintenant" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-14. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
  6. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg" (PDF). www.chd.lu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  7. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg".
  8. ^ "Loi du 9 juillet 2004 relative aux effets légaux de certains partenariats. - Legilux". legilux.public.lu. Archived from the original on 2020-01-20. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  9. ^ "Marriage and Partnerships - Luxembourg". Angloinfo. Archived from the original on 2022-07-21. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  10. ^ "Partenariat (PACS)". Archived from the original on 2018-04-06. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
  11. ^ "Question de Mariage" (PDF). March 11, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 11, 2012.
  12. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg". Archived from the original on 2020-03-12. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
  13. ^ "Le Luxembourg devrait autoriser les mariages homosexuels - Têtu". October 9, 2012. Archived from the original on October 9, 2012.
  14. ^ "Luxembourg Considers Legalizing Gay Marriage and Adoption | CarnalNation". February 25, 2012. Archived from the original on February 25, 2012.
  15. ^ "Luxemburg will Ehe öffnen" (in German). Queer.de. 22 January 2010. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  16. ^ "Gayguide.me". www.gayguide.me. Archived from the original on 2014-11-13. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  17. ^ "Conseil de gouvernement Résumé des travaux du 9 juillet 2010". Archived from the original on 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
  18. ^ "Ouverture du mariage aux couples de même sexe et réforme de l'adoption". Archived from the original on September 24, 2010.
  19. ^ "Les gays pourront bientôt se marier et adopter" (in French). L'essentiel. 9 July 2010. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  20. ^ "Is gay marriage on the way for Luxembourg?". February 26, 2012. Archived from the original on February 26, 2012.
  21. ^ a b (in French) 6172
  22. ^ (in French) 6172A Archived 2022-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ "Des dossiers en attente au Conseil d'État". L'essentiel. 15 May 2012. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  24. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg" (PDF). www.chd.lu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  25. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg". Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
  26. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg". Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  27. ^ "5minutes.lu - Actualité - Luxembourg - Adoption pour couples de même sexe bientôt possible". November 13, 2014. Archived from the original on November 13, 2014.
  28. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg". Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  29. ^ "Une adoption simple pour les couples gay?" (in French). L'essentiel. 6 March 2013. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  30. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg" (PDF). www.chd.lu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  31. ^ "State Council objects to new adoption law". luxtimes.lu. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  32. ^ "Luxembourg: Le Conseil d'État balaie le compromis" (in French). Le Quotidien. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on November 13, 2014.
  33. ^ "Breakthrough in adoption law reform for same-sex couples". Wort.lu. 19 June 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  34. ^ "L'adoption plénière pour les couples homosexuels?" (in French). L'essentiel. 19 June 2013. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  35. ^ "Adoption et mariage gay devront attendre" (in French). L'essentiel. 25 July 2013. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  36. ^ "Programme gouvernemental" (PDF) (in French). Government of Luxembourg. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-12-25. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
  37. ^ "La loi sur le mariage gay votée d'ici cet été". L'essentiel. 8 January 2014. Archived from the original on 2020-09-23. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  38. ^ "Luxembourg LBGT community welcomes same sex marriage before end of year". luxtimes.lu. Archived from the original on 2014-01-11. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  39. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg" (PDF). www.chd.lu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  40. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg" (PDF). www.chd.lu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  41. ^ "State Council warns of gay adoption legal challenges". luxtimes.lu. Archived from the original on 2016-02-15. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  42. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg" (PDF). www.chd.lu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  43. ^ "Green light for same-sex marriage in Luxembourg". Wort.lu. 28 May 2014. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  44. ^ "Luxembourg passes same-sex marriage and adoption bill in landslide". The Independent. June 18, 2014. Archived from the original on February 17, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  45. ^ Staff Reports (June 18, 2014). "Luxembourg legislature votes to legalize same-sex marriage, adoption". LGBTQ Nation. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  46. ^ "Conseil d'Etat du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg - 24/06/2014". October 15, 2014. Archived from the original on October 15, 2014.
  47. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg" (PDF). www.chd.lu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  48. ^ "Loi du 4 juillet 2014 portanta) réforme du Titre II.- du Livre Ier du Code civil "Des actes de l'état civil" et modifiant les articles 34, 47, 57, 63, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 79, 79-1 et 95;b) réforme du Titre V.- du Livre Ier du Code civil "Du mariage", rétablissant l'article 143, modifiant les articles 144, 145, 147, 148, 161 à 164, 165 à 171, 173 à 175, 176, 177, 179, 180 à 192, 194 à 199, 201, 202, 203 à 206, 212 à 224, 226, 227, introduisant les articles 146-1, 146-2, 175-1, 175-2 nouveaux et abrogeant les articles 149 à 154, 158 à 160bis, 178, le Chapitre VIII et l'article 228;c) modification des articles 295, 351, 379, 380, 383, 390, 412, 496, alinéa 1, 509-1, alinéa 2, 730, 791, 847 à 849, 852, alinéa 3, 980, alinéa 2, 1405, 1409 et 1676, alinéa 2, et abrogation des articles 296 et 297 et 1595 du Code civil;d) modification de l'article 66 du Code de commerce;e) modification des articles 265, alinéa 1er, 278 et 521 du Nouveau Code de procédure civile;f) introduction d'un Titre VI.bis nouveau dans la Deuxième Partie du Nouveau Code de procédure civile;g) introduction d'un Chapitre VII.-I nouveau au Titre VII du Livre Ier du Code pénal;h) abrogation de la loi du 23 avril 1827 concernant la dispense des prohibitions du mariage prévues par les articles 162 à 164 du Code civil; eti) abrogation de la loi du 19 décembre 1972 portant introduction d'un examen médical avant mariage. - Legilux". legilux.public.lu. Archived from the original on 2019-07-09. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  49. ^ "Same-sex marriages from January 1". luxtimes.lu. Archived from the original on 2017-02-19. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  50. ^ "Same-Sex Marriage in Luxembourg from 1 January 2015". Chronicle.lu. 17 July 2014. Archived from the original on Jun 30, 2017. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  51. ^ ""L'important, c'est que l'enfant ait deux parents"". L'essentiel (in French). 4 July 2014. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  52. ^ "Bulletin de Vote (Vote Public) - Projet de loi 6172A" (PDF) (in French). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  53. ^ "First same-sex marriage in Luxembourg: Jean Olinger and Henri Huber say 'I do'". Luxemburger Wort. 1 January 2015. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  54. ^ "Xavier Bettel and Gauthier Destenay say 'I do'". Luxemburger Wort. 15 May 2015. Archived from the original on 1 February 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  55. ^ "Carnet blanc: Etienne Schneider a épousé son compagnon dans l'intimité". 5minutes.rtl.lu. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  56. ^ "Pas de débat sur la pétition contre le mariage gay". L'essentiel. 15 June 2014. Archived from the original on 2020-09-20. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  57. ^ Les anti-mariage gay ont le droit à leur débat public Archived 2018-06-25 at the Wayback Machine, 20 November 2015, L'essentiel
  58. ^ "Droits des couples homosexuels: Les députés ne toucheront pas au mariage et à l'adoption". 5minutes.rtl.lu. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  59. ^ "/ Nur zwei Petitionen angenommen". Tageblatt.lu. November 8, 2016. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  60. ^ "Bulletin de Vote (Vote Public) - Proposition de loi 6699" (PDF) (in French). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  61. ^ (in French) 6908 - Projet de loi sur la reconnaissance du mariage au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg et modifiant le Code civil Archived 2020-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
  62. ^ "Mariages gay : l'injustice réparée | Le Quotidien". Archived from the original on 2018-09-15. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  63. ^ "Luxembourg : les mariages gay célébrés à l'étranger reconnus". April 20, 2016. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
  64. ^ "Séances publique et plénière du mardi 3 mai 2016" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-13.
  65. ^ "Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg" (PDF). chd.lu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  66. ^ "Loi du 23 mai 2016 sur la reconnaissance du mariage au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg et modifiant le Code civil. - Legilux". legilux.public.lu. Archived from the original on 2019-09-13. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  67. ^ Fontaine, Nicolas (27 October 2021). "Un grand-duc de Luxembourg gay peut-il se marier et avoir des enfants ?". Histoires Royales (in French).
  68. ^ Lambert, Frédéric (10 March 2016). "Plus d'une centaine de mariages gay en 2015" (in French). L'essentiel. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  69. ^ "Moins de naissances et 49 mariages homos". L'essentiel. 6 January 2016. Archived from the original on 2019-02-14. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  70. ^ "Mariage: À quel âge se marie-t-on le plus au Luxembourg ?". 5minutes.rtl.lu. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  71. ^ Hennebert, Jean-Michel (19 May 2015). "L'Église protestante bénira les couples homosexuels". Paperjam (in French). Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  72. ^ Coppen, Luke (19 December 2023). "'Fiducia supplicans': Who's saying what?". The Pillar.
  73. ^ "Le Vatican autorise la bénédiction sous conditions des couples de même sexe". Le Quotidien (in French). 18 December 2023.
  74. ^ "Eight EU Countries Back Same-Sex Marriage". Angus Reid Global Monitor. 24 December 2006. Archived from the original on 27 February 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2009.
  75. ^ "Majority in Luxembourg supports gay marriage". luxtimes.lu. Archived from the original on 2014-01-28. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  76. ^ "Special Eurobarometer 437" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-05-03. Retrieved 2015-10-07.
  77. ^ "Eurobarometer on Discrimination 2019: The social acceptance of LGBTI people in the EU". TNS. European Commission. p. 2. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  78. ^ "Eurobarometer 2023: Discrimination in the European Union". europa.eu. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Luxembourg&oldid=1257032827"