Ziziphus spina-christi
| Ziziphus spina-christi | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rhamnaceae |
| Genus: | Ziziphus |
| Species: | Z. spina-christi
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| Binomial name | |
| Ziziphus spina-christi | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Ziziphus spina-christi, known as the Christ's thorn jujube, is an evergreen tree or plant native to the Levant, East Africa, and Mesopotamia.[3] Fruit and leaves from the tree were used in preparing ancient Egyptian foods, in cultural practices, and in skincare routines - especially with qasil powder derived from the Ziziphus spina-christi tree leaves.[4]
Ecology
[edit]In the Levant, it grows in valleys up to an elevation of 500 m,[5] and is drought tolerant and heat-resistant.[6] The ripe fruits are edible.[7] The seed, contained within a small, oblong woody pit, is opened and eaten by local fauna, including the rock hyrax.
Cultural and religious references
[edit]In the Levant and wider Middle East, it is called sidr (associated with the lote tree of the Quran), and is common in the Jordan Valley and around Jerusalem,[8] as well as in the Hajar Mountains of the Sultanate of Oman.[9] By some traditions, it was the tree from which Jesus' crown of thorns was made.[10] Matthew George Easton argues that Z. spina-christi is too brittle to be bent into a crown, and suggests another local plant, Ziziphus lotus.[11]
The oldest known Z. spina-christi is located in Ir Ovot, in the south of Israel.[12] It is estimated to be between 1500 and 2000 years old.[13][14] It is believed locally to be the very tree from which Jesus' crown of thorns was made.[15] It is the national tree of Qatar and the symbol of the central Arava.
Gallery
[edit]-
Z. spina-christi thorns, Jardin des plantes, France -
Z. spina-christi fruit, in Israel -
Z. spina-christi blossom, Behbahan, Iran -
Wild Z. spina-christi tree in Iran -
Z. spina-christi fruit, Behbahan, Iran
References
[edit]- ^ Diop, F.N. (2020). "Ziziphus spina-christi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19180920A136676175. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19180920A136676175.en. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 30 January 2016
- ^ Orwa; et al. (2009). "Zizyphus spina-Christi" (PDF). 5Agroforestry Database 4.0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-12.
- ^ "What Tree Does Qasil Powder Come From?". Qasil Dust. 30 July 2024.
- ^ Zohary M. (1972). Flora Palaestina. II. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Science and Humanities. pp. 307–308. Cited in Amots Dafni; Shay Levy & Efraim Lev (2005). "The ethnobotany of Christ's Thorn Jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi) in Israel". J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 1: 8. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-1-8. PMC 1277088. PMID 16270941.
- ^ World Agroforestry Centre. Zizyphus spina-christi. Retrieved on 31 May, 2023
- ^ Reinhard Fichtl. "Christ's Thorn - Ziziphus spina-Christi". Bees for Development. Archived from the original on April 24, 2010.
- ^ Easton (1893), p. 688, "It overruns a great part of the Jordan valley."
- ^ Lancaster, William (2011). Honour is in contentment : life before oil in Ras al-Khaimah (UAE) and some neighbouring regions. Lancaster, Fidelity. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 137. ISBN 978-3-11-022340-8. OCLC 763160662.
- ^ "Ziziphus spina-christi". Flowersinisrael.com. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
- ^ Easton (1893), p. 174.
- ^ Bar-am, Aviva; Bar-am, Shmuel (15 November 2014). "Rooted in Israel's history, five remarkable trees". Times of Israel.
- ^ "The "old man" of Hatzeva – the jujube tree at Hatzeva Spring". www.moag.gov.il. Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development.
- ^ Grossman, Michelle Malka (24 January 2016). "Israeli trees get IDs with interactive heritage project". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
- ^ Sutton, Candace (20 April 2019). "The real story of Jesus Christ's crown of thorns". news.com.au. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
Bibliography
[edit]- Easton, M.G. (1893). Illustrated Bible Dictionary and Treasury of Biblical History, Biography, Geography, Doctrine, and Literature: With Numerous Illustrations and Important Chronological Tables and Maps. London, Edinburgh and New York: T. Nelson and Sons.
- Ziziphus spina-christi in West African plants – A Photo Guide.
External links
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