Cheuksin
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Cheuksin (Korean: 측신; Hanja: 廁神) is the toilet goddess of Korean mythology. Unlike better-known household deities such as Jowangshin, god of the hearth, her worship forms a minor part of the Gasin cult.
She is believed to reside in the outhouse.[1]: 147
Mythology
The Munjeon Bonpuri (Korean: 문전본풀이), meaning 'Annals of the Door', 'Book of the Door', 'Narration of the Door' or 'Explanation of the Door', is a myth of Jeju Island regarding Gasin, or deities that are believed to reside within the house. It is one of the better-known myths of the Korean Peninsula.
Worship
Cheukshin was believed to appear as a young virgin with 150-centimetre-long (59 in) hair. The goddess, infuriated at her exile to the outhouse by the supreme deity Cheonjiwang and kitchen goddess Jowangshin, was said to spend time counting her hairs.
The goddess was believed to appear in the three days containing the number six; Koreans avoided the outhouse in these three days in order not to accidentally provoke her rage. Thus, Koreans held jesas, or rituals, to her in the sixth, sixteenth, and twenty-sixth days in the lunar calendar, or when a shoe or a child fell in the pit toilet. Jesas were also done for her when a pig contracted disease and died, when a prophecy warned of the anger of the goddess, or when the outhouse was built.
In the jesas dedicated to Cheukshin, Koreans put all ingredients possible inside a Tteok, which was called the Ttongtteok, meaning 'dung rice cake'. The Ttongtteok was then served to the goddess. Nonglutinous rice was also served.
She was regarded to be the most dangerous of the Gashin; she was believed to despise children (possibly because of her downfall by the child Nokdisaengin) and topple them into the pit toilet. When children fell in the pit, it was believed that they would die before reaching maturity unless a jesa was done to appease the goddess.
If anyone entered the outhouse without coughing three times, Cheukshin was believed to use her long hair to attack the intruder.[2] When the hair of Cheukshin touched the skin of the intruder, the intruder grew sick and died. Even a mudang, or shaman, could not appease the goddess if she attacked a person with her hair.
She was believed to embody a strip of cloth or white paper on the outhouse ceiling.
She was also believed to be the deity of legal punishment, following the orders of the house deity Seongjushin.[3]
No gut, or shamanistic rituals, were held to dedicate Cheukshin, unlike the many Guts and Bonpulis (biographies of deities) dedicated to other Gashin. This was because it was believed that Cheukshin was an evil and malevolent deity, unlike the other Gashin.
Because of the conflict of Jowangshin and Cheukshin (see Munjeon Bonpuli), in Korea it was taboo to bring anything from the outhouse into the kitchen, and vice versa.
Other names
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- Cheukganshin (측간신)
- Byeonso Gwishin (변소 귀신)
- Dwitgan Gwishin (뒷간 귀신)
- Buchul Gaxi (부출 각시)
- Chikdo Buin (칙도 부인)
- Cheukdo Buin (측도 부인)
- Cheukshin Gaxi (측신 각시)
- Chigwi (치귀)
- Jeongnan Gwishin (정난 귀신)
See also
- Toilet god
- Pig toilet
- Jowangshin, goddess of the hearth
- Teojushin, goddess of the earth
- Outhouse
- Gashin cult, the worship of household deities (Gashin)
References
- ^ Korea), The National Folk Museum of Korea (South (2014-07-17). Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Beliefs: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol. II. 길잡이미디어. ISBN 978-89-289-0057-2.
- ^ Bari and the Tigers' Tale
- ^ "측신".