19521 Chaos
 19521 Chaos as imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in September 2001 | |
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Deep Ecliptic Survey |
| Discovery date | 19 November 1998 |
| Designations | |
| (19521) Chaos | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/ |
Named after | Chaos |
| 1998 WH24 | |
| TNO (cubewano)[1][2] | |
| Adjectives | Chaotian /keɪˈoʊʃən/[3] |
| Symbol | .svg){kind=small} (astrological) |
| Orbital characteristics[4] | |
| Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 3 | |
| Observation arc | 5902 days (16.16 yr) |
| Earliest precovery date | 17 October 1991 |
| Aphelion | 50.636 AU (7.5750 Tm) |
| Perihelion | 40.957 AU (6.1271 Tm) |
| 45.796 AU (6.8510 Tm) | |
| Eccentricity | 0.10567 |
| 309.92 yr (113199 d) | |
Average orbital speed | 4.3931 km/s |
| 337.2998° | |
| 0° 0m 11.449s / day | |
| Inclination | 12.0502° |
| 50.0239° | |
| ≈ 23 December 2033[5] ±10 days | |
| 58.4097° | |
| Known satellites | compact or contact binary |
| Jupiter MOID | 35.8 AU (5.36 Tm) |
| Neptune MOID | 12.5 AU (1.87 Tm)[6] |
| TJupiter | 5.884 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 415+83 −30 km equivalent[7] 600+140 −130 km [8] ~665 [9] |
| ca. 0.1 | |
| B–V=0.95±0.03 [9] V–R=0.63±0.03 [9] V–I=1.25±0.04 [9] | |
| 4.8 [4] 5.0 [10][9] | |
19521 Chaos is a cubewano, a Kuiper-belt object not in resonance with any planet. Chaos was discovered in 1998 by the Deep Ecliptic Survey with Kitt Peak's 4 m telescope.
Occultations suggest it is a compact or contact binary equivalent to a sphere 400 to 500 km in diameter.[7] On 20 November 2020, Chaos occulted a magnitude 16.8 star. Three observers detected the occultation, finding that the object is likely smaller than 600 km in diameter.[11] Another occultation was recorded on 14 January 2022; full results on size, shape, geometric albedo, and the spin-axis orientation have not been released[needs update].[12] A further occultation occurred on 28 September 2023, with a shadow crossing most of North America. This occultation was observed by over 30 observers;[13] preliminary analysis suggests that Chaos is a binary (possibly a contact binary).[14]
Name
[edit]It is named after the primeval state of existence in Greek mythology, from which the first gods appeared.
Planetary symbols are no longer much used in astronomy, so Chaos never received a symbol in the astronomical literature. There is no standard symbol for Chaos used by astrologers either. Michael Moorcock's Symbol of Chaos (.svg){kind=small}
) has been used.[15]
Orbit
[edit]
19521 Chaos has an orbital period of approximately 309 years. Its orbit is longer, but less eccentric than the orbit of Pluto. 19521 Chaos's orbit is inclined approximately 12° to the ecliptic. Its orbit never crosses the orbit of Neptune. Currently, the closest approach possible to Neptune (MOID) is 12.5 AU (1.87 billion km).[6]
Chaos will come to perihelion at around December 2033,[5] coming as close as 40 AUs from Earth. Its brightest magnitude will be 20.8.
References
[edit]- ^ "MPEC 2008-O05 : Distant Minor Planets (2008 AUG. 2.0 TT)". Minor Planet Center. 17 July 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- ^ Buie, Marc W. (9 November 2004). "Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 19521". Space Science Department. SwRI. Retrieved 28 September 2008.
- ^ Thayer (1994). Gray World, Green Heart. Wiley. ISBN 9780471572732. [full citation needed]
- ^ a b "19521 Chaos (1998 WH24)". JPL Small-Body Database Browser (2007-12-14 last obs). Retrieved 11 April 2016.
- ^ a b JPL Horizons Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is 3-sigma.)
- ^ a b "(19521) Chaos = 1998 WH24 orbit". IAU Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
- ^ a b José María Gómez-Limón Gallardo et al. (2024) New evidence that (19521) Chaos might be a large compact binary
- ^ Vilenius, E.; Kiss, C.; Mommert, M.; Müller, T.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Pal, A.; et al. (2012). ""TNOs are cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region VI. Herschel / PACS observations and thermal modeling of 19 classical Kuiper belt objects". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 541: A94. arXiv:1204.0697v1. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A..94V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118743. S2CID 54222700.
- ^ a b c d e Doressoundiram, A.; Peixinho, N.; de Bergh, C.; Fornasier, S.; Thébault, Ph.; Barucci, M.A.; Veillet, C. (October 2002). "The color distribution in the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt". The Astronomical Journal. 124 (4): 2279–2296. arXiv:astro-ph/0206468. Bibcode:2002AJ....124.2279D. doi:10.1086/342447. S2CID 30565926.
- ^ Brown, Michael E. "How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system? (updates daily)". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
- ^ Vara-Lubiano, Mónica; Morales, Nicolás; Rommel, Flavia; Ortiz, José Luis; Sicardy, Bruno; Santos-Sanz, Pablo; et al. (September 2021). The multi-chord stellar occultation by (19521) Chaos on 2020 November 20. 15th Europlanet Science Congress 2021. Europlanet Society. Bibcode:2021EPSC...15..626V. doi:10.5194/epsc2021-626. EPSC2021-626. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
- ^ Ortiz, José Luis; Morales, Nicolás; Vara-Lubiano, Mónica; Kretlow, Mike; Sicardy, Bruno; Santos-Sanz, Pablo; et al. (September 2022). The Trans-Neptunian Object (19521) Chaos as seen from stellar occultations and photometry observations. 16th Europlanet Science Congress 2022. Europlanet Society. doi:10.5194/epsc2022-520. EPSC2022-520. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ Gault, Dave. "OccultWatcher Cloud". OccultWatcher. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
- ^ Gómez-Limón Gallardo, José María; Leiva, R.; Ortiz, J. L.; Desmars, J.; Kilic, Y.; Vara-Lubiano, M.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Kretlow, M.; Rommel, F. L.; Morales, N.; Fernandez-Valenzuela, E.; Souami, D.; Lucky Star Team; Observers of Nov. 2020, Jan 2022, Dec 2022; Mar 2023 Occultations (2023). "Chaos: Stellar Occultations Reveal a Binary Tno?". Seventh Edition of the Spanish Meeting of Planetary Sciences and Exploration of the Solar System (7Th Cpess. Bibcode:2023pses.conf80462G.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Miller, Kirk (26 October 2021). "Unicode request for dwarf-planet symbols" (PDF). unicode.org.
External links
[edit]- "Original Minor Planet Electronic Circular (1998-X08) for 19521 Chaos".
- "Revised Minor Planet Electronic Circular (1999-V03) 19521 Chaos".
- 19521 Chaos at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 19521 Chaos at the JPL Small-Body Database
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