Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick
Lawrence and Cassandra (née Burnell) Southwick were early immigrants to colonial America and devout Quakers who, along with their children, were severely persecuted for these religious beliefs.
Early lives
[edit]Lawrence and Cassandra were married 25 January 1623/4 at Kingswinford, Staffordshire, England.[1][2] Along with their four surviving children, John, Josiah, Mary and Daniel, the Southwicks emigrated to Salem, Massachusetts, sometime between mid-1637 and early-1639 when they were admitted to the First Church in Salem.[3][4] Lawrence was one of the first glassmakers in America and practiced his craft in the part of Salem now known as Peabody, which was the first glass manufacturing district in America.[5] Lawrence left the industry in 1642,[6] and turned his attention to animal husbandry at which he was very successful.[7]
Persecution as Quakers
[edit]In 1657 the Southwicks were jailed for hosting two visiting Quaker preachers, John Copeland and Christopher Holder. Lawrence Southwick was found to be a member of the First Church of Salem and was released to be dealt with by the leaders of that church. Cassandra remained in jail for seven weeks and was fined forty shillings for possessing a paper written by their two visitors. The paper was considered heretical by Governor John Endicott and others.
In 1658 the couple and their son Josiah were jailed for 20 weeks for being Quakers.
In 1659 the two youngest of the Southwick's children, a daughter named Provided Southwick and a son named Daniel Southwick, were sentenced to be sold as slaves in Barbados for unpaid fines - fines related to their being Quakers. The sentence was not carried out and they went to Shelter Island, New York together.
In 1660 Lawrence and Cassandra died within three days of each other, on Shelter Island, due to privation, starvation and exposure.
Royal Southwick
[edit]A plaque in Southwick Hall at University of Massachusetts Lowell commemorates "Royal Southwick, Lowell's anti-slavery Quaker senator and manufacturer and a descendant of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick who were despoiled, imprisoned, starved, whipped, banished from Massachusetts Colony and persecuted to death in the year 1660 for being Quakers".[8]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Southwick, Neal Shupe (1981). The English Ancestry and American Posterity of Joseph Southwick, 1703-1980. Rexburg, Idaho, United States: Joseph Southwick Family Organization. p. 12. LCCN 81051232. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
- ^ Delorey, Janet Ireland (1997). A study of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick. Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, United States: Janet Delorey. p. 13. LCCN 97209825. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
- ^ Delorey, Janet Ireland (1997). A study of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick. Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, United States: Janet Delorey. pp. 49–58. LCCN 97209825. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
- ^ Pierce, Richard Donald (1974). Records of the 1st Church in Salem, Massachusetts, 1629-1736. Salem, Massachusetts, United States: Essex Institute. p. 17. ISBN 088389050X. LCCN 73093302.
- ^ Kimball, James (January 1879). "The First Glass Factory.--Where?". Historical Collections of the Essex Institute. 16 (1). Salem, Massachusetts, United States: Essex Institute: 1–7. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
- ^ Wells, John Andrew (1972). The Peabody Story. Salem, Massachusetts, United States. p. 163. ISBN 9780883890493. LCCN 74173095.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Delorey, Janet Ireland (1997). A study of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick. Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, United States: Janet Delorey. p. 14. LCCN 97209825. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
- ^ UMass Lowell Libraries Archives and Special Collections. "Lowell Textile Institute, Lowell, MA. Dedication plaque for Southwick Hall. (002)". Internet Archive. Lowell, MA. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
Further reading
[edit]- The American Genealogist, 71:193, 1996.
- Savage, James, Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England, vol. IV, p. 91.
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick:
"Cassandra Southwick", the poem by John Greenleaf Whittier based on the experience of Provided and Daniel. (Whittier appears to have considered the name Cassandra to be more poetic than Provided.):