Jump to content

James T. Kirk

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Captain James Kirk)
"James Kirk" redirects here. For other uses, see James Kirk (disambiguation).

James T. Kirk
Star Trek character
William Shatner as Kirk in a publicity photograph for Star Trek: The Original Series
First appearance
Created byGene Roddenberry
Portrayed by
Other:
  • Sandra Smith (1969; Kirk trapped in Dr. Janice Lester's body after she forcibly swaps bodies with him)
  • Jimmy Bennett (2009; child)
In-universe information
Full nameJames Tiberius Kirk
NicknameJim
Title
  • Cadet
  • Ensign
  • Lieutenant
  • Commander
  • Captain
  • Admiral
Position
AffiliationUnited Federation of Planets
Starfleet
Family
  • George Kirk (father)
  • Winona Kirk (mother)
  • George Samuel Kirk (brother)
  • Tiberius Kirk (grandfather)
  • James (maternal grandfather)
  • Aurelan Kirk (sister-in-law)
  • Peter Kirk (nephew)
  • 2 other nephews
SpouseMiramanee
ChildrenDavid Marcus
OriginIowa, United States, Earth

James Tiberius Kirk, commonly known as Captain Kirk, is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise. Originally played by Canadian actor William Shatner, Kirk first appeared in Star Trek serving aboard the starship USS Enterprise as captain. Kirk leads his crew as they explore new worlds and "boldly go where no man has gone before". Often, the characters of Spock and Leonard "Bones" McCoy act as his logical and emotional sounding boards, respectively. Kirk has also been portrayed in numerous films, books, comics, webisodes, and video games.

Kirk first appears in the Star Trek episode "The Man Trap", broadcast on September 8, 1966, although the first episode recorded featuring Shatner was "Where No Man Has Gone Before". Shatner continued in the role for the show's three seasons, and he later provided the voice of the animated version of Kirk in Star Trek: The Animated Series (1973–1974). Shatner returned to the role for Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979) and six subsequent films.

American actor Chris Pine portrays a young version of the character in the 2009 Star Trek film, Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and in Star Trek Beyond (2016). Paul Wesley portrays Kirk on the Paramount+ series Star Trek: Strange New Worlds, set prior to Kirk's captaincy of the Enterprise.[1] Other actors have played the character in fan-created media, and the character has been the subject of multiple spoofs and satires.

Biography

[edit]

James Tiberius Kirk was born in Riverside, Iowa, on March 22, 2233,[2] where he was raised by his parents, George and Winona Kirk.[3] Although born on Earth, Kirk lived for a time on Tarsus IV, where he was one of nine surviving witnesses to the massacre of 4,000 colonists by Kodos the Executioner. James Kirk's brother, George Samuel Kirk, is first mentioned in "What Are Little Girls Made Of?" and introduced and killed in "Operation -- Annihilate!", leaving behind three children.[4][5]

Kirk became the first and only student at Starfleet Academy to defeat the Kobayashi Maru test, garnering a commendation for original thinking after he reprogrammed the computer to make the "no-win scenario" winnable. Kirk was granted a field commission as an ensign and posted to advanced training aboard the USS Republic. He was then promoted to lieutenant junior grade and returned to Starfleet Academy as a student instructor.[4] According to a friend, students could either "think or sink" in his class, and Kirk himself was "a stack of books with legs".[6] Upon graduating in the top five percent, Kirk was promoted to lieutenant and served aboard the USS Farragut.[4] While assigned to the Farragut, Kirk commanded his first planetary survey and survived a deadly attack by a bizarre cloud-like creature that killed a large portion of the Farragut's crew,[4] including his commanding officer, Captain Garrovick. Although the surviving Executive Officer disagreed, Kirk blamed himself for years for hesitating to fire his assigned weapons upon seeing the threat until a later encounter with the creature showed that firing immediately with conventional weapons would have been useless anyway.

Publicity photo of William Shatner as Kirk, alongside Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock

Kirk became Starfleet's youngest starship captain after receiving command of the USS Enterprise for a five-year mission,[4] three years of which are depicted in the original Star Trek series.[7] Kirk's most significant relationships in the television series are with first officer Spock and chief medical officer Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy.[8] McCoy is someone to whom Kirk unburdens himself and is a foil to Spock.[9] Robert Jewett and John Shelton Lawrence's The Myth of the American Superhero describes Kirk as "a hard-driving leader who pushes himself and his crew beyond human limits".[10] Terry J. Erdman and Paula M. Block, in their Star Trek 101 primer, note that while "cunning, courageous and confident", Kirk also has a "tendency to ignore Starfleet regulations when he feels the end justifies the means"; he is "the quintessential officer, a man among men and a hero for the ages".[11] Although Kirk throughout the series becomes romantically involved with various women, when confronted with a choice between a woman and the Enterprise, "his ship always won".[12]

Roddenberry wrote in a production memo that Kirk is not afraid of being fallible, but rather is afraid of the consequences to his ship and crew should he make an error in judgment.[13] Roddenberry wrote:

[Kirk] has any normal man's insecurities and doubts, but he knows he cannot ever show them—except occasionally in private with ship's surgeon McCoy or in subsequent moments with Mr. Spock whose opinions Kirk has learned to value so highly.[13]

In Star Trek: The Motion Picture, Admiral Kirk is Chief of Starfleet Operations, and he takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Willard Decker.[4] Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry's novelization of The Motion Picture depicts Kirk married to a Starfleet officer killed during a transporter accident.[14][15] At the beginning of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, Kirk takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Spock to pursue his enemy from "Space Seed", Khan Noonien Singh. The movie introduces Kirk's former lover Carol and his son, David Marcus. Spock, who notes that "commanding a starship is [Kirk's] first, best destiny", dies at the end of Star Trek II. In Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, Admiral Kirk leads his surviving officers in a successful mission to rescue Spock from a planet on which he is reborn. Although Kirk is demoted to Captain in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home for disobeying Starfleet orders, he also receives command of a new Enterprise, the USS Enterprise-A (NCC 1701-A).[4] The ship is ordered decommissioned at the end of Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country.

In Star Trek Generations, Captain Jean-Luc Picard finds Kirk living in the timeless Nexus, despite the fact that history recorded his death during the Enterprise-B's maiden voyage, Kirk having fallen into the Nexus in the incident that caused his "death". Picard persuades Kirk to return to Picard's present to help stop the villain Soran from destroying Veridian III's sun. Although Kirk initially refuses the offer, he agrees after realizing the Nexus cannot give him the one thing he has always sought: the ability to make a difference. The two leave the Nexus and stop Soran. However, Kirk is mortally wounded; as he dies, Picard assures him that he helped to "make a difference". Picard buries Kirk on the planet, however in Star Trek: Picard's third season (2023), Kirk’s body is revealed to be stored in stasis at the Daystrom Institute by Section 31.[16]

Shatnerverse

[edit]

Shatner has since written a series of novels featuring Kirk being brought back to life by a Borg-Romulan alliance to serve as an assassin against Picard, but he is restored to normal and returns to provisional active service in Starfleet, including opposing his Mirror Universe counterpart.

Kelvin Timeline

[edit]
Main articles: Star Trek (2009 film), Star Trek Into Darkness, and Star Trek Beyond

In this series, Chris Pine plays Kirk, Zachary Quinto plays Spock, Karl Urban plays "Bones" McCoy, Simon Pegg plays Montgomery "Scotty" Scott, Zoë Saldana plays Nyota Uhura, John Cho plays Hikaru Sulu, and Anton Yelchin plays Pavel Chekov.

The series takes place in an alternate course of events known as the "Kelvin Timeline"[17] that reveal different origins for Kirk, the formation of his association with Spock, and how they came to serve together on the Enterprise.[18][19] Whereas The Original Series portrayed Kirk as having been born in Iowa, the Star Trek film portrays him being born on a shuttle escaping the starship USS Kelvin in an alternate timeline in which his father is killed when the Kelvin is attacked by a Romulan ship from the future.[18] In the film, George and Winona Kirk name their son James Tiberius after his maternal and paternal grandfathers, respectively.[20]

Although the film treats specific details from Star Trek as mutable, characterizations are meant to "remain the same"[21] though with Kirk being initially portrayed as "a reckless, bar-fighting rebel"[22] but who eventually matures.[23] According to Pine, the character is "a 25-year-old [who acts like a] 15-year-old" and who is "angry at the world",[24] until he enrolls in Starfleet Academy basically after being 'dared' by Captain Christopher Pike.

Kirk and Spock clash at Starfleet Academy, but, over the course of the film, Kirk focuses his "passion and obstinance and the spectrum of emotions" and becomes captain of the Enterprise.[18][24] He is also aided by a meeting with the time-displaced Spock of the original timeline, who inspires Kirk to live up to his full potential after learning about the parallel version of himself and his accomplishments as Captain in the elder Spock's timeline.

Development

[edit]

Conception and television

[edit]
Shatner portrayed Kirk in Star Trek: The Original Series and the first seven films.

Jeffrey Hunter played the commanding officer of the USS Enterprise, Captain Christopher Pike, in the rejected Star Trek television pilot "The Cage".[4] In developing a new pilot episode, called "Where No Man Has Gone Before", series creator Gene Roddenberry changed the captain's name to "James Kirk" after rejecting other options like Hannibal, Timber, Flagg and Raintree.[25] The episode title may have been inspired by Captain James Cook, whose journal entry "ambition leads me ... farther than any other man has been before me" inspired the episode title,[26] and became the series catch-phrase in the opening voice-over. The character is in part based on C. S. Forester's Horatio Hornblower hero,[27] and NBC wanted the show to emphasize the captain's "rugged individualism".[28] Roddenberry had previously used the middle name of Tiberius for the leading character in his earlier television series, The Lieutenant, which was to feature several actors who would later go on to be part of the production of Star Trek.

Jack Lord was Desilu Productions' original choice to play Kirk, but his demand for fifty-percent ownership of the show led to him not being hired.[29] The second pilot episode was successful, and "Where No Man Has Gone Before" was broadcast as the third episode of Star Trek on September 22, 1966.

William Shatner tried to imbue the character with qualities of "awe and wonder" absent from "The Cage".[25] He also drew upon his experiences as a Shakespearean actor to invigorate the character, whose dialogue at times is laden with jargon.[29] Not only did Shatner take inspiration from Roddenberry's suggestion of Hornblower, but also from Alexander the Great – "the athlete and the intellectual of his time" – whom Shatner had played for an unsold television pilot two years earlier. In addition, the actor based Kirk partly on himself because "the fatigue factor [after weeks of daily filming] is such that you try to be as honest about yourself as possible".[30] A comedy veteran, Shatner suggested making the show's characters as comfortable working in space as they would be at sea, thus having Kirk be a humorous "good-pal-the-captain, who in time of need would snap to and become the warrior".[31] Changing the character to be "a man with very human emotions" also allowed for the development of the Spock character.[25] Shatner wrote that "Kirk was a man who marveled and greatly appreciated the endless surprises presented to him by the universe ... He didn't take things for granted and, more than anything else, respected life in every one of its weird weekly adventure forms".[25]

Films

[edit]

Shatner did not expect Star Trek to be successful,[32] so when it was cancelled in 1969, he assumed it would be the end of his association with the franchise.[33] Following Star Trek's popularity after its cancelation, Shatner went on to voice Kirk in the animated Star Trek series,[7] star in the first seven Star Trek films,[4] and provide voice acting for several games.[34][35] Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan director and writer Nicholas Meyer, who had never seen an episode of Star Trek before he was assigned to direct,[36] conceived a "Hornblower in outer space" atmosphere, unaware that those books had been an influence on the show.[37][38] Meyer also emphasized parallels to Sherlock Holmes, in that both characters waste away in the absence of stimuli: new cases for Holmes; starship adventures for Kirk.[39]

Meyer's The Wrath of Khan script focuses on Kirk's age, with McCoy giving him a pair of glasses as a birthday present. The script states that Kirk is 49, but Shatner was unsure about being specific about Kirk's age[39] because he was hesitant to portray a middle-aged version of himself.[40] Shatner changed his mind when producer Harve Bennett convinced Shatner that he could age gracefully like Spencer Tracy.[40] Spock's sacrifice at the end of the film allows for Kirk's spiritual rebirth; after commenting earlier that he feels old and worn out, Kirk states in the final scene that he feels "young."[41] Additionally, Spock's self-sacrificing solution to the no-win Kobayashi Maru scenario, which Kirk had cheated his way through, forces Kirk to confront death and to grow as a character.[42]

Both Shatner and test audiences were dissatisfied that Kirk was fatally shot in the back in the original ending of the film Star Trek Generations.[43] An addendum inserted while Shatner's Star Trek Movie Memories memoir was being printed expresses his enthusiasm at being called back to film a rewritten ending.[44] Despite the rewrite, Generations co-writer Ronald D. Moore said that Kirk's death, which was intended to "resonate throughout the Star Trek franchise",[45] failed to "pay off the themes [of death and mortality] in the way we wanted".[46] Malcolm McDowell, whose character kills Kirk, was dissatisfied with both versions of Kirk's death: he believed Kirk should have been killed "in a big way".[47] McDowell claims to have received death threats after Generations was released.[48]

Franchise "reboot"

[edit]
Chris Pine has portrayed an alternate reality version of Kirk in three Star Trek films since 2009.

In Star Trek (2009), screenwriters Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci focused their story on Kirk and Spock in the movie's alternative timeline while attempting to preserve key character traits from the previous depictions.[49] Kurtzman said casting someone whose portrayal of Kirk would show that the character "is being honored and protected" was "tricky", but that the "spirit of Kirk is very much alive and well" in Pine's depiction.[50] Due to his belief that he could not take himself seriously as a leader, Pine recalled having difficulty with his audition, which required him "to bark 'Trek jargon'", but his charisma impressed director J. J. Abrams.[51] Pine's chemistry with Zachary Quinto, playing Spock, led Abrams to offer Pine the role.[51] Jimmy Bennett played Kirk in scenes depicting the character's childhood.[52] The writers turned to material from the novel Best Destiny for inspiration as to Kirk's childhood.[53]

In preparing to play Kirk, Pine decided to embrace the character's key traits – "charming, funny, leader of men" – rather than try to fit the "predigested image" of Shatner's portrayal.[54] Pine specifically did not try to mirror Shatner's cadence, believing that doing so would become "an impersonation".[55] Pine said he wanted his portrayal of Kirk to most resemble Harrison Ford's Indiana Jones or Han Solo characters, highlighting their humor and "accidental hero" traits.[56]

A misunderstanding arose during the film's production about the possibility of Shatner making a cameo appearance.[22] According to Abrams, the production team considered ways to resurrect Shatner's deceased Kirk character, but could not devise a way that was not "lame".[22] However, Abrams believed Shatner misinterpreted language about trying to get "him" into the movie as a reference to Shatner, and not his character. Shatner released a YouTube video expressing disappointment at not being approached for a cameo.[22] Although Shatner questioned the wisdom of not including him in the film, he predicted the movie would be "wonderful"[57] and that he was "kidding" about Abrams not offering him a cameo.[58]

Star Trek: Strange New Worlds

[edit]
Paul Wesley has portrayed Kirk in Star Trek: Strange New Worlds since 2022

Kirk also appears in Star Trek: Strange New Worlds, which is set six years before the events of the original series. He first appears in the final episode of Season 1, portrayed by Paul Wesley, and appeared as a recurring guest in Season 2. In this series, the Enterprise has another captain, Kirk's predecessor Christopher Pike, who first appeared in "The Cage". Other fellow crew characters from the original series, such as Uhura, Spock and Nurse Chapel are main characters in Strange New Worlds.

Reception

[edit]

According to Shatner, early Star Trek reviewers described his performance as "wooden", with most of the show's acting praise and media interest going to Nimoy.[33] However, Shatner's mannerisms when portraying Kirk have become "instantly recognizable"[54] and Shatner won a Saturn Award for Best Actor in 1982 for The Wrath of Khan.[59] Star Trek II director Nicholas Meyer said Shatner "gives the best performance of his life" in The Wrath of Khan.[60] The Guardian called Pine's performance of Kirk an "unqualified success",[61] and The Boston Globe said Pine is "a fine, brash boy Kirk".[62] Slate, which called Pine "a jewel", described his performance as "channel[ing]" Shatner without being an impersonation.[63]

Slate described Shatner's depiction of Kirk as an "expansive, randy, faintly ridiculous, and yet supremely capable leader of men, Falstaffian in his love of life and largeness of spirit".[63] The Myth of the American Superhero refers to Kirk as a "superhuman redeemer" who "like a true superhero ... regularly escapes after risking battle with monsters or enemy spaceships".[10][64] Although some episodes question Kirk's position as a hero, Star Trek "never left the viewer in doubt for long".[65] Others have commented that Kirk's exaggerated "strength, intelligence, charm, and adventurousness" make him unrealistic.[66] Kirk is described as able to find ways "through unanticipated problems to reach [his] goals" and his leadership style is most "appropriate in a tight, geographically identical team with a culture of strong leadership."[67] Although Roddenberry conceived the character as being "in a very real sense ... 'married' " to the Enterprise,[68] Kirk has been noted for "his sexual exploits with gorgeous females of every size, shape and type";[12] he has been called "promiscuous"[69] and labeled a "womanizer".[70][71] The Last Lecture author Randy Pausch believed he became a better teacher, colleague, and husband because he watched Kirk run the Enterprise; Pausch wrote that "for ambitious boys with a scientific bent, there could be no greater role model than James T. Kirk".[72] David A. Goodman commented that Kirk "has as much reality as possible for a fictional character."[73]

In 2012, IGN ranked the character Captain Kirk, as depicted in the original series, films, and the new Kirk in 2009 film Star Trek, as the number one top character of the Star Trek universe.[74] In 2016, Kirk was ranked as the #1 most important character of Starfleet within the Star Trek science fiction universe by Wired magazine, out of 100 characters of the franchise.[75]

In 2018, CBR ranked Kirk the best Starfleet character of Star Trek, including later television series.[76]

In July 2019, Screen Rant ranked Kirk the 8th smartest character of Star Trek.[77]

Cultural impact

[edit]
The plaque marking Riverside, Iowa, self-proclaimed as Captain Kirk's "future birthplace"

In 1985, Riverside, Iowa petitioned Roddenberry and Paramount Pictures for permission to "adopt" Kirk as their town's "Future Son".[78] Shatner and Roddenberry approved the proposal.[79] Paramount wanted $40,000 for a license to reproduce a bust of Kirk, but the city instead set a plaque and built a replica of the Enterprise (named the "USS Riverside"), and the Riverside Area Community Club holds an annual "Trek Fest" in anticipation of Kirk's birthday.[80]

Kirk has been the subject of a wide range of television spoofs that aired in many countries, including The Carol Burnett Show and KI.KA's Bernd das Brot. John Belushi's impression of Kirk for Saturday Night Live, which he described as his favorite role,[81][82] was "dead-on".[83] Jim Carrey has been praised for his satire of the character in a 1992 episode of In Living Color.[84][85] Comedian Kevin Pollak is well known for his impressions of Shatner as Kirk.[86]

Kirk's memorable scream of "Khan!" in the 1982 movie Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan has become a pop culture icon in its own right, spawning internet memes and is widely parodied and paid tribute to.[87]

Kirk has been referenced in the lyrics of many pop songs. Early examples include the 1979 song "Where's Captain Kirk?" by Spizzenergi, the 1982 rap song "Tough" by Kurtis Blow, and 1983's "99 Luftballons" by Nena (both German and English versions).[88][89] More recently, in the 2003 remix of 1998’s "That Don't Impress Me Much", Shania Twain puts forth Captain Kirk as one of the unattainable ideals to whom her unappealingly haughty suitor apparently thinks himself equal.

Kirk has been merchandised in a variety of ways, including collectible busts,[90] action figures,[91] mugs,[92] t-shirts,[92] and Christmas tree ornaments.[93] A Kirk Halloween mask was altered and used as the mask worn by the character Michael Myers in the Halloween film franchise.[94] In 2002, Kirk's captain's chair from the original Star Trek was auctioned for $304,000.[95]

In a 2010 Space Foundation survey, Kirk tied with cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin as the No. 6 most popular space hero.[96]

Captain Kirk has also been portrayed in feline form. First, anthropomorphically, in two episodes of the 1975 Filmation Saturday morning animated children’s series The Secret Lives of Waldo Kitty. The cartoon is based around the title character’s fantasies about being various heroic felines based on popular culture icons. Later came scientific illustrator Jenny Parks' 2017 book Star Trek Cats, in which Kirk is depicted as an orange tabby cat.[97][98]

The Kirk crater on Pluto's moon, Charon, is named after the character.[99]

Fan productions

[edit]

In addition to television, feature films, books, and parodies, Kirk has also been portrayed in non-canon fan fiction.

Star Trek: New Voyages

[edit]

The Star Trek: New Voyages fan production, known from 2008 until 2015 as Star Trek: Phase II, portrays the further voyages of the original Enterprise crew. The series' creators feel that "Kirk, Spock, McCoy and the rest should be treated as 'classic' characters like Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman, Gandalf from The Lord of the Rings or even Hamlet, Othello or Romeo. Many actors have and can play the roles, each offering a different interpretation of said character."[100]

James Cawley played Kirk in most of the ten episode Phase II series from its beginning in 2004 before replacing himself with actor Brian Gross. Wired observes that while Cawley's depiction "lacks Shatner's vulnerability", the actor has enough swagger "to be passable in the role".[101] Cawley's portrayal was well-known enough at Paramount that a group of Star Trek: Enterprise writers called for Cawley's attention at a science fiction convention by shouting "Hey, Kirk!" at him while Shatner sat nearby.[101]

Star Trek Continues

[edit]

First produced in 2013, the 11 episode series Star Trek Continues also looked to chronicle the "lost seasons" of Star Trek: The Original Series. The series developer and producer is anime voice actor Vic Mignogna, who also plays the role of Kirk. Rounding out the core cast is fellow voice actor Todd Haberkorn as Spock, Chris Doohan (son of the original Scotty actor James Doohan) as Scotty, and as McCoy first author-producer Larry Nemecek, followed by voice actor Chuck Huber. It also co-starred Grant Imahara (MythBusters) as Sulu.

The first episode, "Pilgrim of Eternity" (with Michael Forest reprising his role as Apollo from the original series episode "Who Mourns for Adonais?") was released in 2013. The second episode, "Lolani" (featuring guest star Lou Ferrigno), was released in February 2014, and a third episode, "Fairest of Them All" was released in June 2014 and won a Burbank International Film Festival award for "Best New Media – Drama".[102][103][104] Star Trek Continues also won a Geekie Award for "Best Web Series".[105] On June 19, 2015, Episode 4 of the series was posted and titled "White Iris". All eleven full episodes have been released as of December, 2017.

Legacy

[edit]

In October 2021, Kirk's actor from The Original Series William Shatner flew to space aboard a Blue Origin sub-orbital capsule. At age 90, he became the oldest person to fly to space and one of the first 600 to do so.[106][107]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ White, Peter (March 15, 2022). "'Star Trek: Strange New Worlds' Finds Its James T. Kirk With Paul Wesley". Deadline. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  2. ^ "Kirk". Star Trek. Archived from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  3. ^ Carey, Diane (1993). Best Destiny. Simon and Schuster. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-671-79588-7. George and Winona Kirk, and their boys, George Samuel, Junior, and James Tiberius
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Okuda, Mike; Okuda, Denise; Mirek, Debbie (1999). The Star Trek Encyclopedia. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-53609-5.
  5. ^ Gross, Edward; Altman, Mark A. (June 28, 2016). The Fifty-Year Mission: The Complete, Uncensored, Unauthorized Oral History of Star Trek: The First 25 Years. St. Martin's Press. pp. 372–374. ISBN 978-1-4668-7285-1. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  6. ^ Written by Samuel A. Peeples, directed by James Goldstone (September 9, 1966). "Where No Man Has Gone Before". Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 1. Episode 1. NBC.
  7. ^ a b Okuda, Michael; Okuda, Denise (1996). Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-53610-9.
  8. ^ Asherman, Alan (May 1, 1993). The Star Trek Compendium. Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-671-79612-9.
  9. ^ Solow, Herbert; Justman, Robert (June 1997). Inside Star Trek The Real Story. Simon & Schuster. p. 240. ISBN 0-671-00974-5.
  10. ^ a b Lawrence, John Shelton; Jewett, Robert (2002). The Myth of the American Superhero. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 230. ISBN 978-0-8028-4911-3.
  11. ^ Erdmann, Terry J. (September 23, 2008). Star Trek 101. Pocket Books/Star Trek. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-7434-9723-7.
  12. ^ a b Lichtenberg, Jacqueline; Marshak, Sondra; Winston, Joan (October 1975). Star Trek Lives!. London: Corgi. ISBN 0-552-09914-7.
  13. ^ a b Roddenberry, Gene (April 18, 1968), Kirk, Spock and Other Continuing STAR TREK Characters (memo), archived from the original on August 14, 2013, retrieved September 10, 2013
  14. ^ Roddenberry, Gene; Livingston, Harold; Dean Foster, Alan (1979). Star Trek: The Motion Picture: A Novel. Simon & Schuster. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-671-25324-0. She had been perfection--lover, friend, wife...
  15. ^ Roddenberry, Gene; Livingston, Harold; Dean, Alan (1979). Star Trek: The Motion Picture: A Novel. Simon & Schuster. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-671-25324-0. ...what was Lori doing up here? She was dying....and then they were gone. The chamber was empty...."Enterprise, what we got back...didn't live long. Fortunately."
  16. ^ Baugher, Lacy (March 23, 2023). "Star Trek: Picard Season 3 Episode 6 Review - The Bounty". Den of Geek. Retrieved March 24, 2023.
  17. ^ "The Star Trek movie timeline gets official name: the Kelvin Timeline". Geek.com. June 27, 2016. Archived from the original on April 23, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  18. ^ a b c Burr, Ty (May 5, 2009). "Star Trek". The Boston Globe. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 7, 2009. Retrieved May 6, 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  19. ^ Jensen, Jeff. "'Star Trek' movie: Inside scoop!". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 4, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  20. ^ Star Trek. May 8, 2009. Winona: We could name him after your father. George: Tiberius? You kidding me? No, that's the worst. Let's name him after your dad; let's call him Jim.
  21. ^ Jensen, Jeff. "'Star Trek' movie: Inside scoop!". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 4, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  22. ^ a b c d Topel, Fred (January 14, 2009). "J.J. Abrams defends his Star Trek: You'll love it!". Sci Fi Wire. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  23. ^ Hyde, Douglas (February 24, 2009). "A chat with the new Captain Kirk". CNN. Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved February 24, 2009.
  24. ^ a b "How Chris Pine puts his own spin on Star Trek's Capt. Kirk". Sci Fi Wire. March 5, 2009. Archived from the original on March 10, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  25. ^ a b c d Shatner, William (2008). Up Till Now: The Autobiography. Macmillan. pp. 120. ISBN 978-0-312-37265-1.
  26. ^ Dugard, Martin (May 22, 2001). Farther Than Any Man : The Rise and Fall of Captain James Cook. Atria. ISBN 978-0-7434-0068-8.
  27. ^ Star Trek: 25th Anniversary Special. Paramount Pictures. September 28, 1991.
  28. ^ Geraghty, Lincoln (2007). Living with Star Trek: American Culture and the Star Trek Universe. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-265-3.
  29. ^ a b Shatner, William; Chris Kreski (May 27, 1994). Star Trek Memories. Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-109235-0.
  30. ^ Dillard, J.M. (1994). Star Trek: "Where No Man Has Gone Before" — A History in Pictures. Pocket Books. p. 9. ISBN 0-671-51149-1.
  31. ^ Dillard, J.M. (1994). Star Trek: "Where No Man Has Gone Before" — A History in Pictures. Pocket Books. p. 26. ISBN 0-671-51149-1.
  32. ^ Jordan, Pat (September 3, 2010). "The Many Iterations of William Shatner". The New York Times. p. 5. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
  33. ^ a b Shatner, William (2008). Up Till Now: The Autobiography. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-37265-1.
  34. ^ "William Shatner Returns One More Time As Captain Kirk". CityNews (Toronto). August 14, 2006. Archived from the original on April 11, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
  35. ^ Ornelas, Joseph (December 23, 1998). "Star Trek: 25th Anniversary". Adventure Classic Gaming. Archived from the original on November 19, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
  36. ^ Dillard, J.M. (1994). Star Trek: "Where No Man Has Gone Before" — A History in Pictures. Pocket Books. p. 96. ISBN 0-671-51149-1.
  37. ^ Rioux, Terry Lee (2005). From Sawdust to Stardust: The Biography of DeForest Kelley. Pocket Books. p. 243. ISBN 0-7434-5762-5.
  38. ^ "Spotlight: Meyer Speaks Proudly of "Khan"". StarTrek.com. August 6, 2002. Archived from the original on December 17, 2003. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  39. ^ a b Meyer, Nicholas (August 6, 2002). Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, The Directors Edition: Audio commentary (DVD; Disc 1/2). Paramount Pictures.
  40. ^ a b Star Trek cast and crew (August 6, 2002). Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, The Directors Edition: Special Features (DVD; Disc 2/2). Paramount Pictures.
  41. ^ Roth, Lane (1987). "Death and Rebirth in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan". Extrapolation. 1 (28): 7.
  42. ^ Roth, Lane (1987). "Death and Rebirth in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan". Extrapolation. 1 (28): 10.
  43. ^ Nemeck, Larry (January 7, 2003). Star Trek: The Next Generation Companion. Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-7434-5798-9.
  44. ^ Shatner, William; Kreski, Chris (November 28, 1994). Star Trek Movie Memories. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-638416-8.
  45. ^ Cullen, Ian M. (August 8, 2006). "Ron Moore Shares Some Galactic Insights". Sci Fi Pulse. Archived from the original on August 25, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2009.
  46. ^ Pascale, Anthony (June 24, 2008). "Exclusive Interview: Ron Moore Talks Movies (Past and Future)". Trekmovie.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
  47. ^ "Malcolm McDowell Killed Kirk... But Hated It, Part I". StarTrek.com. CBS. June 1, 2011. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
  48. ^ "Malcolm McDowell Killed Kirk... But Hated It, Part II". StarTrek.com. CBS. June 2, 2011. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
  49. ^ Billington, Alex (January 13, 2009). "Kicking Off 2009 with Writers Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci – Part One: Star Trek". FirstShowing.net. Archived from the original on January 16, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2009.
  50. ^ Hoffman, Jordan. "Interview". UGO Networks. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
  51. ^ a b Jensen, Jeff. "'Star Trek' movie: Inside scoop!". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 4, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  52. ^ Richards, Olly (January 30, 2008). "A Younger Capt. Kirk Cast In Star Trek". Empire. Archived from the original on December 18, 2011. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
  53. ^ Jensen, Jeff (October 17, 2008). "Inspirations for a whole new Enterprise". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 27, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  54. ^ a b Abele, Robert (October 24, 2008). "Chris Pine: 10 Actors to Watch". Variety. Archived from the original on October 30, 2008. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  55. ^ "Chris Pine puts his own spin on 'Trek's' Kirk". Access Hollywood. January 6, 2009. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2009.
  56. ^ Aftab, Kaleem (March 10, 2008). "Exclusive: Trek Star Reveals Captain Kirk Inspiration". IGN. Archived from the original on April 11, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  57. ^ "Shatner: Star Trek Film Diss Is Not Logical". November 21, 2007. Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  58. ^ Hoffman, Jordan (December 1, 2008). "William Shatner Interview". UGO Networks. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved January 25, 2009.
  59. ^ "Past Saturn Awards: Best Actor". SaturnAwards.org. Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
  60. ^ Clark, Noelene (June 10, 2011). "'Star Trek': Nicholas Meyer explains his Roddenberry regret". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
  61. ^ Hoad, Phil (April 21, 2009). "JJ Abrams' Star Trek: we have liftoff". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on May 29, 2015. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
  62. ^ Burr, Ty (May 5, 2009). "Star Trek". The Boston Globe. p. 2. Archived from the original on May 7, 2009. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
  63. ^ a b Stevens, Dana (May 6, 2009). "Go See Star Trek". Slate. Archived from the original on January 15, 2011. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  64. ^ Lawrence, John Shelton; Jewett, Robert (2002). The Myth of the American Superhero. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-8028-4911-3.
  65. ^ Bacon-Smith, Camille (1992). Enterprising Women: Television Fandom and the Creation of Popular Myth. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 128–129. ISBN 978-0-8122-1379-9.
  66. ^ Bacon-Smith, Camille (1992). Enterprising Women: Television Fandom and the Creation of Popular Myth. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-8122-1379-9.
  67. ^ Kimmerly, Paul; Webb, David R. (October 2006). "Leadership, The Final Frontier: Lessons From the Captains of Star Trek". CrossTalk: The Journal of Defense Software Engineering. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007.
  68. ^ Whitfield, Stephen; Roddenberry, Gene (September 1968). The Making of Star Trek. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-31554-5.
  69. ^ Williams, Chris (August 24, 2006). "Shatner to return as Kirk". The Register. Archived from the original on July 26, 2008. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
  70. ^ Malik, Tariq (September 7, 2006). "After 40 Years, Star Trek 'Won't Die'". Space.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2009.
  71. ^ David, Ariel (November 14, 2008). "Star Trek's Abrams beams down to Rome". USA Today. Gannett Company. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2009.
  72. ^ Pausch, Randy; Zaslow, Jeffrey (2008). The Last Lecture. Hyperion. ISBN 978-1-4013-2325-7.
  73. ^ Goodman, David A. (September 16, 2015). "Why Captain Kirk Is Still One of the Greatest Space Heroes Of All Time". Gizmodo. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  74. ^ Top 25 Star Trek Characters - IGN, May 8, 2009, archived from the original on March 27, 2019, retrieved July 12, 2019
  75. ^ McMillan, Graeme (September 5, 2016). "Star Trek's 100 Most Important Crew Members, Ranked". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  76. ^ "Star Trek: The 25 Best Members Of Starfleet, Ranked". CBR. October 27, 2018. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
  77. ^ "Star Trek: The 10 Smartest Characters, Ranked". ScreenRant. July 8, 2019. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  78. ^ Kirby, Doug; Smith, Ken; Wilkins, Mike. "Future Birthplace of James T. Kirk". Roadside America. Archived from the original on January 19, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2008.
  79. ^ Heitland, Jon E. (February 1989). "The Future Birthplace of James T. Kirk". Starlog. pp. 17–18. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  80. ^ Beyette, Beverly (May 15, 2005). "A happy future birthplace hooks up with Capt. Kirk". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  81. ^ Terry, Clifford (May 14, 1978). "The swaggering wit of John Belushi". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  82. ^ Shales, Tom; James Andrew Miller (2003). Live from New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live. Back Bay. ISBN 0-316-73565-5.
  83. ^ "John Belushi". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on June 21, 2009. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
  84. ^ Bernardi, Daniel (1998). Star Trek and History: Race-ing Toward a White Future. Rutgers University Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 0-8135-2466-0. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
  85. ^ Loohauis, Jackie (February 4, 1994). "As a pet detective, 'Ace Ventura' is a case of the giggles". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2009. His Captain Kirk impersonation is the best yet
  86. ^ "Comedian Kevin Pollack at The Improv Comedy Club". Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  87. ^ "How William Shatner's famed 'Wrath of Khan' cry became an instant 'Star Trek' legend". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  88. ^ Bromley, Tom (2006). We Could Have Been the Wombles: The Weird and Wonderful World of One-Hit Wonders. Penguin Books. p. 312. ISBN 9780141017112.
  89. ^ Irwin, Walter; Love, G. B. (1992). The Best of the Best of Trek II. Penguin Group (Canada). p. 67. ISBN 0451451597.
  90. ^ "Sideshow Toy Immortalizes Kirk and Co". January 21, 2003. Archived from the original on July 15, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
  91. ^ Snider, Mike (January 21, 2009). "First look: 'Star Trek' toys boldly go nouveau". USA Today. Gannett Company. Archived from the original on March 12, 2009. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
  92. ^ a b Shatner, William (2008). Up Till Now: The Autobiography. Macmillan. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-312-37265-1.
  93. ^ ""The Trouble With Tribbles" Hallmark Keepsake Ornament". Hallmark Cards. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
  94. ^ John Carpenter, Debra Hill, Nick Castle, Jamie Lee Curtis, and Tommy Lee Wallace (2003). A Cut Above the Rest (Halloween: 25th Anniversary Edition DVD Special Features) (DVD (Region 2)). United States: Anchor Bay.
  95. ^ ""Captain Kirk's" command chair from Star Trek: The Original Series". Profiles in History (through Web Archive). Archived from the original on October 17, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  96. ^ "Space Foundation Survey Reveals Broad Range of Space Heroes". October 27, 2010. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
  97. ^ Clyde (February 20, 2018). "Star Trek For Cats". Cat Wisdom 101. catwisdom101.com. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  98. ^ Nevin, Will (March 2, 2017). "The serious absurdity (and purrfection) of Jenny Parks and 'Star Trek Cats'". OregonLive.com. Advance Publications. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  99. ^ Wall, Mike (August 3, 2015). "Vader Crater, Kirk & Spock! 'Star Wars,' 'Star Trek' Collide on Pluto Moon". Space.com. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  100. ^ "Star Trek: Phase II About". Archived from the original on November 20, 2011. Retrieved July 2, 2009.
  101. ^ a b Suellentrop, Chris (December 2005). "To Boldly Go Where No Fan Has Gone Before". Wired. Archived from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  102. ^ Plait, Phil (June 7, 2013). ""Star Trek Continues": Fan-Made Episodes Carry on the Five-Year Mission". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  103. ^ "About Us" page Archived November 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, official website for Star Trek Continues.
  104. ^ Pascale, Anthony (June 19, 2012). "Exclusive: First Look And Details For 'Star Trek: Continues' Fan Series". TrekMovie.com. Archived from the original on June 11, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  105. ^ "The 2014 Geekie Awards Winners & Nominees". The Geekie Awards. Archived from the original on October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  106. ^ Etherington, Darrell (October 4, 2021). "William Shatner to fly on Blue Origin's next human spaceflight on October 12". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  107. ^ "William Shatner, TV's Capt. Kirk, blasts into space". AP NEWS. October 13, 2021. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to Star Trek.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_T._Kirk&oldid=1257976235"