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Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

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The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) are U.S. federal vehicle regulations specifying design, construction, performance, and durability requirements for motor vehicles and regulated automobile safety-related components, systems, and design features. They are the U.S. counterpart to the UN Regulations developed by the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations and recognized to varying degree by most countries except the United States.

Canada has a system of analogous rules called the Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (CMVSS), which overlap substantially but not completely in content and structure with the FMVSS.

The FMVSS/CMVSS requirements differ significantly from the international UN requirements, so private import of foreign vehicles not originally manufactured to North American specifications is difficult or impossible.

Structure

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FMVSS are currently codified in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 571, Subpart B (49 CFR 571), with each FMVSS standard as a section of Part 571, e.g., FMVSS Standard No. 101 is 49 CFR 571.101. FMVSS are developed and enforced by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) pursuant to statutory authorization in the form of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, which is now codified at 49 U.S.C. ch. 301.

FMVSS are divided into three categories: crash avoidance (100-series), crashworthiness (200-series), and post-crash survivability (300-series). The first regulation, FMVSS No. 209, was adopted on 1 March 1967 and remains in force to date though its requirements have been periodically updated and made more stringent. It stipulates the requirements for seat belts in roadgoing vehicles.

Other FMVSS include:[1]

Crash avoidance

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Crashworthiness

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  • FMVSS No. 201:[40] Occupant protection in interior impact
  • FMVSS No. 202:[41][42] Head restraints for passenger vehicles
  • FMVSS No. 203:[43] Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system
  • FMVSS No. 204:[44] Steering control rearward displacement
  • FMVSS No. 205:[45][46] Glazing materials
  • FMVSS No. 206:[47] Door locks and door retention components
  • FMVSS No. 207:[48] Seating Systems
  • FMVSS No. 208:[49] Occupant crash protection
  • FMVSS No. 209:[50] Seat belt assemblies
  • FMVSS No. 210:[51] Seat belt anchorages
  • FMVSS No. 211: [Reserved] (previously "Wheel nuts, wheel discs and hub caps")
  • FMVSS No. 212:[52] Windshield mounting
  • FMVSS No. 213:[53] Child restraint systems
  • FMVSS No. 214:[54] Side impact protection
  • FMVSS No. 215: [Reserved] (previously "Exterior protection")
  • FMVSS No. 216:[55][56] Roof crush resistance
  • FMVSS No. 217:[57] Bus emergency exits and window retention and release.
  • FMVSS No. 218:[58] Motorcycle helmets
  • FMVSS No. 219:[59] Windshield zone intrusion
  • FMVSS No. 220:[60] School bus rollover protection
  • FMVSS No. 221:[61] School bus body joint strength
  • FMVSS No. 222:[62] School bus passenger seating and crash protection
  • FMVSS No. 223:[63] Rear impact guards
  • FMVSS No. 224:[64] Rear impact protection
  • FMVSS No. 225:[65] Child restraint anchorage systems
  • FMVSS No. 226:[66] Ejection mitigation
  • FMVSS No. 227:[67] Bus rollover structural integrity

Post-crash survivability

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  • FMVSS No. 301:[68] Fuel system integrity
  • FMVSS No. 302:[69] Flammability of interior materials
  • FMVSS No. 303:[70] Fuel system integrity of compressed natural gas vehicles
  • FMVSS No. 304:[71] Compressed natural gas fuel container integrity
  • FMVSS No. 305:[72] Electric-powered vehicles: Electrolyte spillage and electrical shock protection

Miscellaneous

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  • FMVSS No. 401:[73] Interior trunk release
  • FMVSS No. 402: [Reserved] (previously "Radiator and coolant reservoir caps venting of motor vehicle coolant systems")
  • FMVSS No. 403:[74] Platform lift systems for motor vehicles
  • FMVSS No. 404:[75] Platform lift installation in motor vehicles
  • FMVSS No. 500:[76] Low-speed vehicles

Other regulations relating to transportation

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Aside from the FMVSS in Part 571, there are numerous federal regulations pertaining to motor vehicles under Title 49, including:

  • Part 523:[77] Vehicle Classification
  • Part 525:[78] Exemptions from average fuel economy standards
  • Part 526:[79] Petitions and plans for relief under the Automobile Fuel Efficiency Act of 1980
  • Part 529:[80] Manufacturers of multistage automobiles
  • Part 531:[81] Passenger automobile average fuel economy standards
  • Part 533:[82] Light truck fuel economy standards
  • Part 534:[83] Rights and responsibilities of manufacturers in the context of changes in corporate relationships
  • Part 536:[84] Transfer and trading of fuel economy credits
  • Part 537:[85] Automotive fuel economy reports
  • Part 538:[86] Manufacturing incentives for alternative fuel vehicles
  • Part 541:[87] Federal motor vehicle theft prevention standard
  • Part 542:[88] Procedures for selecting light duty truck lines to be covered by the theft prevention standard
  • Part 543:[89] Exemption from vehicle theft prevention standard
  • Part 544:[90] Insurer reporting requirements
  • Part 545:[91] Federal motor vehicle theft prevention standard phase-in and small-volume line reporting requirements
  • Part 551:[92] Procedural rules
  • Part 552:[93] Petitions for rulemaking, defect, and noncompliance orders
  • Part 553:[94] Rulemaking procedures
  • Part 554:[95] Standards enforcement and defects investigation
  • Part 555:[96] Temporary exemptions from motor vehicle safety and bumper standards
  • Part 556:[97] Exemption for inconsequential defect or noncompliance
  • Part 557:[98] Petitions for hearings on notification and remedy of defects
  • Part 563:[99] Event data recorders
  • Part 564:[100] Replaceable light source and sealed beam headlamp information
  • Part 565:[101] Vehicle identification number requirements
  • Part 566:[102] Manufacturer identification
  • Part 567:[103] Certification
  • Part 568:[104] Vehicles manufactured in two or more stages
  • Part 569:[105] Regrooved tires
  • Part 570:[106] Vehicle-In-Use inspection standards
  • Part 572:[107] Anthropomorphic test devices
  • Part 573:[108] Defect and noncompliance responsibility and reports
  • Part 574:[109] Tire identification and record keeping
  • Part 575:[110] Consumer information
  • Part 576:[111] Record retention
  • Part 577:[112] Defect and noncompliance notification
  • Part 578:[113] Civil and criminal penalties
  • Part 579:[114] Reporting of information and communications about potential defects
  • Part 580:[115] Odometer disclosure requirements
  • Part 581:[116] Bumper standard
  • Part 582:[117] Insurance cost information regulation
  • Part 583:[118] Automobile parts content labeling
  • Part 585:[119] Phase-in reporting requirements
  • Part 586: [Reserved]
  • Part 587:[120] Deformable barriers
  • Part 588:[121] Child restraint system recordkeeping requirements
  • Part 589: [Reserved]
  • Part 590: [Reserved]
  • Part 591:[122] Importation of vehicles and equipment subject to federal safety, bumper, and theft prevention standards
  • Part 592:[123] Registered importers of vehicles not originally manufactured to conform to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
  • Part 593:[124] Determinations that a vehicle not originally manufactured to conform to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards is eligible for importation
  • Part 594:[125] Schedule of fees authorized by 49 U.S.C. § 30141
  • Part 595:[126] Make inoperative exemptions
  • Part 596: [Reserved]
  • Part 597: [Reserved]
  • Part 598: [Reserved]
  • Part 599:[127] Requirements and procedures for Consumer Assistance to Recycle and Save Act Program

References

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  1. ^ "Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations". Archived from the original on 2014-05-07. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
  2. ^ 49 CFR 571.101
  3. ^ 49 CFR 571.102
  4. ^ 49 CFR 571.103
  5. ^ 49 CFR 571.104
  6. ^ 49 CFR 571.105
  7. ^ 49 CFR 571.106
  8. ^ 61 FR 11587
  9. ^ 49 CFR 571.108
  10. ^ 49 CFR 571.109
  11. ^ 49 CFR 571.110
  12. ^ 49 CFR 571.111
  13. ^ 61 FR 49976
  14. ^ Tarbet, Marcia J. (December 2004). "Cost and Weight Added by the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards for Model Years 1968-2001 in Passenger Cars and Light Trucks" (Report). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. DOT HS 809 834. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  15. ^ 49 CFR 571.113
  16. ^ 49 CFR 571.114
  17. ^ 48 FR 22567
  18. ^ 49 CFR 571.116
  19. ^ 49 CFR 571.117
  20. ^ 49 CFR 571.118
  21. ^ 49 CFR 571.119
  22. ^ 49 CFR 571.120
  23. ^ 49 CFR 571.121
  24. ^ 49 CFR 571.122
  25. ^ 49 CFR 571.122a
  26. ^ 49 CFR 571.123
  27. ^ 49 CFR 571.124
  28. ^ 49 CFR 571.125
  29. ^ 49 CFR 571.126
  30. ^ 47 FR 7250
  31. ^ 46 FR 32254
  32. ^ 49 CFR 571.129
  33. ^ 49 CFR 571.131
  34. ^ 49 CFR 571.135
  35. ^ 49 CFR 571.136
  36. ^ 49 CFR 571.138
  37. ^ 49 CFR 571.139
  38. ^ 81 FR 61941
  39. ^ 49 CFR 571.141
  40. ^ 49 CFR 571.201
  41. ^ 49 CFR 571.202
  42. ^ 49 CFR 571.202a
  43. ^ 49 CFR 571.203
  44. ^ 49 CFR 571.204
  45. ^ 49 CFR 571.205
  46. ^ 49 CFR 571.205(a)
  47. ^ 49 CFR 571.206
  48. ^ 49 CFR 571.207
  49. ^ 49 CFR 571.208
  50. ^ 49 CFR 571.209
  51. ^ 49 CFR 571.210
  52. ^ 49 CFR 571.212
  53. ^ 49 CFR 571.213
  54. ^ 49 CFR 571.214
  55. ^ 49 CFR 571.216
  56. ^ 49 CFR 571.216a
  57. ^ 49 CFR 571.217
  58. ^ 49 CFR 571.218
  59. ^ 49 CFR 571.219
  60. ^ 49 CFR 571.220
  61. ^ 49 CFR 571.221
  62. ^ 49 CFR 571.222
  63. ^ 49 CFR 571.223
  64. ^ 49 CFR 571.224
  65. ^ 49 CFR 571.225
  66. ^ 49 CFR 571.226
  67. ^ 49 CFR 571.227
  68. ^ 49 CFR 571.301
  69. ^ 49 CFR 571.302
  70. ^ 49 CFR 571.303
  71. ^ 49 CFR 571.304
  72. ^ 49 CFR 571.305
  73. ^ 49 CFR 571.401
  74. ^ 49 CFR 571.403
  75. ^ 49 CFR 571.404
  76. ^ 49 CFR 571.500
  77. ^ 49 CFR 523
  78. ^ 49 CFR 525
  79. ^ 49 CFR 526
  80. ^ 49 CFR 529
  81. ^ 49 CFR 531
  82. ^ 49 CFR 533
  83. ^ 49 CFR 534
  84. ^ 49 CFR 536
  85. ^ 49 CFR 537
  86. ^ 49 CFR 538
  87. ^ 49 CFR 541
  88. ^ 49 CFR 542
  89. ^ 49 CFR 543
  90. ^ 49 CFR 544
  91. ^ 49 CFR 545
  92. ^ 49 CFR 551
  93. ^ 49 CFR 552
  94. ^ 49 CFR 553
  95. ^ 49 CFR 554
  96. ^ 49 CFR 555
  97. ^ 49 CFR 556
  98. ^ 49 CFR 557
  99. ^ 49 CFR 563
  100. ^ 49 CFR 564
  101. ^ 49 CFR 565
  102. ^ 49 CFR 566
  103. ^ 49 CFR 567
  104. ^ 49 CFR 568
  105. ^ 49 CFR 569
  106. ^ 49 CFR 570
  107. ^ 49 CFR 572
  108. ^ 49 CFR 573
  109. ^ 49 CFR 574
  110. ^ 49 CFR 575
  111. ^ 49 CFR 576
  112. ^ 49 CFR 577
  113. ^ 49 CFR 578
  114. ^ 49 CFR 579
  115. ^ 49 CFR 580
  116. ^ 49 CFR 581
  117. ^ 49 CFR 582
  118. ^ 49 CFR 583
  119. ^ 49 CFR 585
  120. ^ 49 CFR 587
  121. ^ 49 CFR 588
  122. ^ 49 CFR 591
  123. ^ 49 CFR 592
  124. ^ 49 CFR 593
  125. ^ 49 CFR 594
  126. ^ 49 CFR 595
  127. ^ 49 CFR 599
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