Sideroxylon tenax

Tough bully
	Illustration of Sideroxylon tenax with the synonym Bumelia tenax
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Sapotaceae
Genus:	Sideroxylon
Species:	S. tenax
Binomial name
	Sideroxylon tenax; L. 1767
Synonyms
	Synonymy Bumelia chrysophylloides (Michx.) P.Watson ; Bumelia chrysophylloides (Michx.) Pursh ; Bumelia lacuum Small ; Bumelia megacocca Small ; Bumelia tenax (L.) Willd. ; Chrysophyllum carolinense Jacq. ; Chrysophyllum glabrum Juss. ex Lam. ; Lyciodes tenax (L.) Kuntze ; Sclerocladus tenax (L.) Raf. ; Sclerozus tenax (L.) Raf. ; Sideroxylon carolinense (Jacq.) Sarg. ; Sideroxylon chrysophylloides Michx. ; Sideroxylon sericeum Walter ;

Sideroxylon tenax, called the tough bully,^[3] is a plant species native to Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and the southernmost part of North Carolina. It grows on dry, sandy soil in pine forests, pine-oak woodlands, and hummocks at elevations less than 100 m.^[4]^[5]

Sideroxylon tenax is a shrub or tree up to 8 m (almost 27 feet) tall. Stems are armed with thorns. Leaves are up to 7 cm (2.8 inches) long, upper side green and sometimes shiny, underside covered with a layer of brown hairs. Flowers are white, up to 5 mm (0.2 inches) across, borne in groups of up to 40 flowers. Berries are very dark purple, almost black, spherical to egg-shaped, about 10 mm (0.4 inches) across.^[4]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

References

^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0 - Sideroxylon tenax, Tough Bumelia". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
^ The Plant List, Sideroxylon tenax
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Sideroxylon tenax". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
^ ^a ^b Flora of North America Sideroxylon tenax
^ Goldblatt, P. 1991. In M. Johnson, Cytology. Pp. 15--22 in T. D. Pennington, The Genera of Sapotaceae. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens.
^ BONAP (Biota of North America Project) 2014 county distribution map, Sideroxylon tenax
^ Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel. 1840. Autikon Botanikon (2): 73.
^ Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel. 1838. Sylva Telluriana 35.
^ Pennington, T. D. 1990. Sapotaceae. Flora Neotropica 52: 1–771.
^ Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
^ Plant Information Center, photos of specimens from University of North Carolina Herbarium, Sideroxylon tenax

[1] "NatureServe Explorer 2.0 - Sideroxylon tenax, Tough Bumelia". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

[2] The Plant List, Sideroxylon tenax

[3] USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Sideroxylon tenax". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

[07893745023740589304859023849u-4] Flora of North America Sideroxylon tenax

[5] Goldblatt, P. 1991. In M. Johnson, Cytology. Pp. 15--22 in T. D. Pennington, The Genera of Sapotaceae. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens.

[6] BONAP (Biota of North America Project) 2014 county distribution map, Sideroxylon tenax

[7] Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel. 1840. Autikon Botanikon (2): 73.

[8] Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel. 1838. Sylva Telluriana 35.

[9] Pennington, T. D. 1990. Sapotaceae. Flora Neotropica 52: 1–771.

[10] Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

[11] Plant Information Center, photos of specimens from University of North Carolina Herbarium, Sideroxylon tenax

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