Brudziński's sign
| Brudziński's sign | |
|---|---|
| Differential diagnosis | Meningitis, Meningism |
Brudziński's sign or a Brudziński sign is any of three medical signs, all of which may occur in meningitis or meningism. All three are named after Józef Brudziński.[1] In English, the name is often written without the diacritic (like many borrowed words) (Brudzinski) and is pronounced /bruːˈdʒɪnski/.
Brudziński cheek sign
[edit]The Brudziński cheek sign or Brudziński's cheek phenomenon is a clinical sign in which pressure on the cheek elicits a reflex action, usually a twitching of the area near the eye or upper lip, and flexion of the forearm when pressure is applied to upper arm with a sphygmomanometer. It is found in patients with meningitis, and is analogous to the Brudziński symphyseal sign in the lower limb.[2][1]
Brudziński symphyseal sign
[edit]The Brudziński symphyseal sign is a clinical sign in which pressure on the pubic symphysis elicits a reflex flexion of the hip and knee, and abduction of the leg. It is found in patients with meningitis, and is analogous to the Brudziński cheek sign in the upper limb.[2][1]
This sign was also independently discovered by a Brazilian clinician, Aloísio De Castro (1881-1959), in 1912, and is commonly called Aloísio De Castro's Sign in Brazil.[3]
Brudziński neck sign
[edit]The Brudziński neck sign or Brudziński's symptom is a clinical sign in which forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips. It is found in patients with meningitis,[2][1] subarachnoid haemorrhage and possibly encephalitis. It is not very commonly seen.
Pathophysiology
[edit]The pain felt on Kernig's sign is due to meningeal irritation caused by movement of the spinal cord within the meninges.[4] In the Brudzinski's neck sign, this movement with neck flexion is cancelled out by the flexion of the hip; much like two persons pulling on either side of a single rope.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Ward MA, Greenwood TM, Kumar DR, Mazza JJ, Yale SH (March 2010). "Josef Brudzinski and Vladimir Mikhailovich Kernig: signs for diagnosing meningitis". Clinical Medicine & Research. 8 (1): 13–7. doi:10.3121/cmr.2010.862. PMC 2842389. PMID 20305144.
- ^ a b c Brudziński, Józef (1908). "Ueber die Kontralateralen Reflexe an den Unteren Extremitaeten bei Kindern" [A New Sign of the Lower Extremities in Meningitis of Children]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 21: 255–61.
- ^ "Aloysio de Castro - NeglectedScience". www.neglectedscience.com. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
- ^ Thomas KE, Hasbun R, Jekel J, Quagliarello VJ (July 2002). "The diagnostic accuracy of Kernig's sign, Brudzinski's sign, and nuchal rigidity in adults with suspected meningitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 35 (1): 46–52. doi:10.1086/340979. PMID 12060874.