List of East India Company directors
The East India Company controlled most of the subcontinent of India. No other company in history has ever governed so many people. With the exception of China, the E.I.C. controlled a larger population by the nineteenth century than any government of any country in the world.
About the list
[edit]The following list of East India Company directors is taken from the "Alphabetical List of Directors of the East India Company from 1758 to 1858", compiled by C.H. & D. Philips and published in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, October 1941. This list has been compiled from manuscript records, in particular the Court Minutes and Home Miscellaneous Series, volume 764, at the India Office, amplified and checked by information mainly taken from the "Annual Register, the Asiatic Annual."
How to read the list
[edit]"The figures indicate the year of election to the Court of Directors and unless the name of the month in any particular year is given, the month is assumed to be that of April. It is important to remember that throughout the period the year of office was from April to the following April. When a span of years is shown the election dates given are inclusive."
"An asterisk placed after a year indicates that the director concerned was elected deputy chairman for that year, two asterisks, that he was chosen chairman, three, that he was first elected deputy and later in the same year appointed chairman. The abbreviations d., disq., respectively stand for died, disqualified.
List of directors
[edit]Director's name | Dates of directorship | died |
---|---|---|
Agnew, Patrick Vans[1] | May 1833, 35–8, 40–2 | June 1842 |
Alexander, Henry | March 1826–26, 28–31, 33–36, 38–41, 43–46, 48–51, 53 | January 1861 |
Alexander, Josias du Pre | August 1820–22, 24–72, 29–32, 34–37, 39 | August 1839 |
Allan, Alexander | 1814–17, 19–20 | October 1820 |
Amyand, George | 1760, 63 | August 1766 |
Astell, William | January 1800–1800, 02–05, 07–09*–10**, 12–15, 17–20, 22–23*–24**–25, 27–28**–29–*30**, 32–35, 37–40, 42–45 | March 1847 |
Astell, John Harvey | July 1851, 52–58. | |
Atkinson, Richard | Jan 1784–84–85 | May 1785 |
Baillie, John | May 1823, 25–28, 30–33 | May 1833 |
Bannerman, John Alexander | 1808–11, 13–16, disq. Mar 1817. | August 1819 |
Baring, Francis | 1779–82, 84–87, 89–91*–92**, 94–97, 99–1802, 04–07, 09–10 | September 1810 |
Baron, Christopher | 1759, 61–64, 66–67 | November 1767 |
Barrington, Fitzwilliam | 1759, 61–62, 65–67. | September 1772 |
Barwell, William[2] | 1753–56, 58–59, 61–64, 66. | November 1769 |
Bayley, William Butterworth | July 1833–35 37–39*–40**, 42–45, 47–50, 52–58 | May 1860 |
Bebb, John | Nov 1804, 06–09, 11–14, 16*–17**–19, 21–24, 26–29, disq. Apr 1830. | |
Becher, Richard | 1775–78, 80, disq. Mar 1781. | November 1782 |
Bensley, William | Oct 1781–84, 86–89, 91–94, 96–99, 1801–04, 06–09 | December 1809 |
Boddam, Charles | 1769, 72–75, 77–80, 82–d. 84 | November 1784 |
Boehm, Edmund | 1784–7 | August 1822 |
Booth, Benjamin | 1767–70, 72–73, 75–78, 80–83 | August 1807 |
Bootle, Robert | 1741–44, 46–49, 52–53, 55 | May 1758 |
Bosanquet, Jacob (1) | 1759 | June 1767 |
Bosanquet, Jacob (2) | Aug 1782–83, 85–88, 90–93, 95–97*–98**, 1800–02*–03**, 05–08, 10*–11**–12**–13, 15–18, 20–23, 25–26, disq. Mar 1827. | July 1828 |
Bosanquet, Richard | 1768–69, 71–72. | April 1809 |
Boyd, John | 1753–56, 58, 59*, 60–61, 63–64 | January 1800 |
Browne, John | 1757–60, 62–63 | |
Bryant, Jeremiah | Feb 1841–41, 43–45 | June 1845 |
Burges, John Smith | 1773, 74, 76–79, 81–84, 86–89, 91**–92*–94, 96–99, 1801–03 | April 1803 |
Burrow, Christopher | 1735–38, 40–43, 45–48, 50–53, 55–58, 60–61 | July 1766 |
Burrow, Robert | 1762–64 | August 1793 |
Campbell, Archibald M. | Feb 1796–96 | September 1796 |
Campbell, Robert | Jul 1817, 19–22, 24–7, 29–30*–31**–32, 34–37, 39–42, 44–47, 49–52 | 1858 |
Carnac, James Rivett | Mar 1827–28, 30–33, 35*–36**–37**–38, disq. Dec 1838 | January 1846 |
Caulfeild, James | 1848–51 | November 1852 |
Chambers, Charles (1) | 1755–57, 63–66, 68 | March 1776 |
Chambers, Charles (2) | 1770, 73 | |
Chauncey, Richard | 1737–40, 42–45, 1747**–48*–49**–50*, 52**–53*–54* | March 1760 |
Cheap, Thomas | Aug 1777–78, 80–83, 85–88, 90-95 | December 1794 |
Clarke, William Stanley | Mar 1815–15–16, 18–21, 23–26, 28–31, 33–34*–35**–36, 38–41, 43 | January 1844 |
Clerk, Robert | Jul 1812, 14–15 | July 1815 |
Cockburn, James | 1767–68, 70–71 | July 1804 |
Colebrooke, George | 1767, 68*, 69**, 70**, 72** | August 1809 |
Cotton, John | Apr 1833–33–34, 36–39, 41–42*–43**–44, 46–49, 51–53 | July 1860 |
Cotton, Joseph | 1795–98, 1800–03, 05–08, 10–13, 15–18, 20–23, disq. May 1823 | January 1825 |
Crabb-Boulton, Henry | 1753–56, 58–61, 63, 64*, 65**, 67, 68**, 69, 70, 72, 73** | October 1773 |
Creed, James | 1758, 61 | February 1762 |
Creswicke, Joseph | 1765–68 | June 1772 |
Cruttenden, Edward Holden | 1765–68, 70–71 | June 1771 |
Cuming, George | 1764–67, 69–72, Dec 73, 74–77, 79–82, 85–87 | November 1787 |
Currie, Frederick | 1854–56, 57*, 58** | September 1875 |
Cust, Peregrine | 1767, 68, 69* | January 1885 |
Cutts, Charles | 1749–52, 58–61, 63–66. | |
Daniell, James | Oct 1809, 11–14, 16–19, 21–24, resigned Apr 1825 | |
Darell, Lionel | 1780–83, 85–88, 90–93, 95–98, 1800–d. 3 Oct | October 1803 |
Davis, Samuel | Oct 1810–12, 14–17, 19 | July 1819 |
Dempster, George | 1769, 72 | February 1818 |
Dent, William | Jan 1851–51–53 | December 1877 |
Dethick, Thomas | 1772 | |
Devaynes, William | 1770–73, 74–75, 77*–89*–80**, 82–83*–84*–85**, 87–88*–89**–90*, 92–93**–94**–95, 97–1800, 02–05, defeated Apr 1807 | November 1809 |
Dorrien, John | 1755–58, 60, 61, 62*, 63** | December 1784 |
Drake, Roger | 1738–41, 43–46, 48–51*, 53*–54**–55**–56, 58* | June 1762 |
Du Cane, Peter | 1750–53 | March 1803 |
Du Cane, Peter | 1764, 66–69, 71–73 | June 1822 |
Dudley, George | 1757–60, 62, 64, 65*, 66**, 67, 70, 71* | November 1777 |
Dupre, Josias | 1765, 66 | October 1780 |
Eastwick, William Joseph | Jun 1847, 49–52, 54–8*. | |
Edmonstone, Neil Benjamin | Oct 1820–2, 24–7, 29–32, 34–7, 39–41 | June 1841 |
Ellice, Russell | Feb 1831, 32–5, 37–40, 42–5, 47–50, 52*–3**, 54–8.
1873 | |
Elphinstone, William Fullarton | Dec 1786–9, 91–4, 96–9, 1801–04**,06**–09,11–13*–14**, 16–19, 21–4, resigned Apr 1825 | May 1834 |
Ewer, Walter | Dec 1790–Apr 91, 92–4, disq. Apr 1795 | July 1810 |
Farquhar, Robert Townsend | Mar 1826–26–28 | March 1830 |
Fergusson, Robert Cutlar | Feb 1830–30–31, 33–5, disq. Jun 1835. | |
Fitzhugh, Thomas | Aug 1785, 87–90, 92–5, 97–9 | January 1800 |
Fletcher, Henry | 1769, 71–75, 77–80, 82***–83**, resigned Nov 1783 | March 1807 |
Fonnereau, Zachary Philip | 1753–54 | August 1778 |
Forbes, John | Apr 1830, 31–34, 36–9 | February 1846 |
Fraser, Simon | Feb 1791–91, 93–96, 98–1801, 03–06 | May 1810 |
Freeman, William George | 1769, 74–76, 78–81 | |
Galloway, Archibald | Sep 1840, 42–45, 47–48*–49**–50 | April 1850 |
Gildart, Richard | 1759 | January 1771 |
Godfrey, Peter | 1734–37, 39–42, 44–47, 49–52, 54–55**–56*–57, 59**, 60
July 1769 | |
Gough, Charles | 1749-52, 54–57, 59–62 | February 1774 |
Grant, Charles | May 1794–95, 97–1800, 02–04–*05**, 07*–08*–09**–10, 1215**, 17–20, 22–23 | October 1823 |
Gregory, Robert | 1769–72, 75–78, 80–82**, resigned Aug 1782. | September 1810 |
Hadley, Henry | 1757–60, 62–65 | March 1771 |
Hall, Richard | 1773, 74, 76–79, 81–94, 86, d. Dec 1786 | November 1786 |
Harrison, John | 1758–61, 63–66, 68–71, 73*, 74*–75**–77, 79–82 | August 1794 |
Harrison, Samuel | 1759, 61–62 | May 1765 |
Hawkesworth, John | Apr 1773–Nov 73 | November 1773 |
Hogg, James Weir | Sep 1839–42, 44–45*–46**–47, 49–50*–51*–52**, 54–58 | May 1876 |
Hudleston, John | 1803–06, 08–11, 13–16, 18–21, 23–35, disq. Mar 1826. | |
Hunter, John | 1781–84, 86–89, 91–94*, 96–99, 1801–02 | December 1802 |
Hurlock, Joseph | 1768, 70–73 | August 1793 |
Impey, Michael | 1736-39, 41–44, 46–49, 51–54, 56-57 | June 1794 |
Inglis, Hugh | 1784–7, 89–92, 94–96*–97**, 99*, 1800**–02, 04–07, 09–11*–12* | August 1820 |
Inglis, John | May 1803–04, 06–09, 11–14*, 16–19, 21–22 | August 1822 |
Irwin, James | Apr 1795, 97 | May 1798 |
Jackson, John | 1807–10, 12–15, 17–20 | June 1820 |
Jackson, William Adair | Jan 1803–03–04 | November 1804 |
James, William | 1768–71, 73, 74–76*, 78*–79**–80–81*, 83 | December 1783 |
Jenkins, Richard | Jun 1832–5, 37–38*–39**–40, 42–45, 47–50, 52–53 | December 1853 |
Johnstone, George | Jan 1784–84–85 | May 1787 |
Jones, Robert | 1754–57, 65–68 | February 1774 |
Lascelles, Peter | 1770, 72–75 | 1776 |
Law, Stephen | 1746-49, 51–54, 56 | December 1787 |
Le Mesurier, Paul | 1784–7, 89–92, 94–7, 99–1802, 04–05 | December 1805 |
Lindsay, Hugh | 1814–17, 19–22, 24–26*–27**, 29–32, 34–37, 39–42, 44 | May 1844 |
Linwood, Nicholas | 1749-52, 54 | May 1773 |
Loch, John | 1821–24, 26–28*–9**, 31–33**–34, 36*–39, 41–44, 46–49, 51–53 | February 1868 |
Lumsden, John | Jan 1817, 18 | December 1818 |
Lushington, James Law | Jul 1827–28, 30–33, 35–37*–38**, 40–41*–42**–43, 45–47*–48**, 50-53 | May 1859 |
Lushington, Stephen | 1782–85, 87–89*–90**, 92–95**, 97–98*–99**–1800, 02–05 | January 1807 |
Lyall, George | 1830–33, 35–38, 40*–41**–43, 45–48, 50, disq. Jan 1851 | September 1853 |
Mabbott, William | 1741-44, 46–49, 51–54, 56 | November 1764 |
Macnaghten, Elliot | Jun 1842–3, 45–48, 50–53, 54*, 55**, 56–58 | September 1810 |
Mangles, Ross Donnelly | 1847–50, 52–3, 54, 55, 56*, 57**, 58 | August 1877 |
Manship, John | 1755–58, 62–65, 67, 69–72, Dec 73, 74–77, 79–82, 84–87, 89–92, 94–97, 99–1802, 04–07, 09, disq. May 1809 | November 1816 |
Marjoribanks, Campbell | 1807–10, 12–15, 17–18*–19**20, 22–24*–25**, 27–30, 32*–33**–35, 37–40 | September 1840 |
Marjoribanks, Dudley Coutts | 1853 | March 1894 |
Masterman, John | Nov 1823–5, 27–30, 325, 37–40, 42–45, 47–50, 52–53. | |
Melville, William Henry Leslie | Jul 1845–6, 48–51, 53–55. | |
Metcalfe, Thomas Theophilus | 1789–92, 94–97,9 9–1802, 04–07, 09–12 | November 1813 |
Michie, John | 1770–75, 77–80, 83–86**, 88* | November 1788 |
Millet, George | Jan 1806–06–07, 09–12 | 1812 |
Mills, Charles (1) | Aug 1785–6, 88–91, 93–96, 98–1801 ***, 03–06, 08–11, 13–14, disq. Mar 1815. | January 1826 |
Mills, Charles (2) | Aug 1822–24, 26–29, 31–34, 36–39, 41–44, 46–49, 51–58 | 1872 |
Mills, William | 1778–81, 83–85, disq. Aug 1785. | March 1820 |
Moffat, James | 1774–7, 79–82, Dec 1784–85, 87–90 | October 1790 |
Money, William | 1789–92, 94–5 | February 1796 |
Money, William Taylor | Dec 1818, 20–23, 25, disq. Mar 1826. | |
Moore, James Arthur | May 1850, 52–53, d. Jul 1860. | |
Morris, John | 1814–17, 19–22, 24–7, 29–32, 34–7, disq. Jan 1838. | |
Motteux, John | 1769, 1784–86*–87** | April 1893 |
Muspratt, John Petty | Mar 1824, 25–28, 30–33, 35–38, 40–43, 45–48, 50–53 | August 1855 |
Newnham, Nathaniel | 1738-41, 43–46, 48–51, 53–56, 58 | September 1778 |
Oliphant, James | Jan 1844–44–46, 48–51, 53*, 54**, 55–56, disq. Apr 1857 | 1881 |
Pardoe, John | 1765–68 | October 1798 |
Parry, Edward | Apr 1797–97–98, 1800–03,0506*–07**–08**, 10–13, 15–18, 20–23, 25–27 | 3 July 1827 |
Parry, Richard | Aug 1815–17 | July 1817 |
Parry, Thomas | Oct 1781, 83–86, 88–91, 93–96, 98–1801, 03–06 | April 1816 |
Pattison, James | Mar 1805, 06–09, 11–14, 16–17*–18**–19, 21*–22**–24, 26–27*–29, disq. Apr 1830. | |
Pattle, Thomas | 1787–90, 92–94, disq. Apr 1795 | August 1818 |
Payne, John | 1741-44, 46–47, 49–52, 54–56*–57** | August 1764 |
Peach, Samuel | 1773–74, 76–79, 81, disq. Oct 1781 | December 1790 |
Peel, Laurence | 1857 | July 1884 |
Phipps, Thomas | 1742-45, 47–50, 52–55, 57-58 | 1776 |
Pigou, Frederick | 1758–61, 63–66, 68–71, 73–77 | November 1792 |
Plant, Henry | 1745-48, 50–53, 55-58 | November 1784 |
Plowden, Richard Chicheley | 1803–06, 08–11, 13–16, 18–21, 23–6, 28–29 | February 1830 |
Plowden, William Henry Chicheley | 1841–44, 46–49, 51–53 | March 1880 |
Pollock, George | 1854–55, 58 | October 1872 |
Prescott, Charles Elton | Jun 1820, 22–25, 27–30, 32 | June 1832 |
Prinsep, Henry Thoby | Jul 1850–1, 53–58 | February 1878 |
Purling, John | 1763–66, 68–69, 70*, 71**, 77–80 | August 1800 |
Raikes, George | Mar 1817, 18–21, 23–26, 28–31, 33–36, disq. Jul 1836. | |
Ravenshaw, John Goldsborough | Jul 1819–22, 24–27, 29–31*–32**, 34–37, 39–40 | June 1840 |
Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke | 1856–58 | March 1895 |
Raymond, John | 1757–60 | September 1780 |
Raymond, Jones | 1734-37, 39–42, 44–47, 49–52, 54-57 | March 1768 |
Reid, Thomas | Nov 1803, 05–08, 10–13, 15*–16**–18, 20*–21**–23 | March 1824 |
Rider, William | 1738-41, 43–46, 48–51, 53-54 | March 1855 |
Robarts, Abraham | Mar 1786–86, 88–91, 93–96, 98–1801, 03–06, 08–11, 1315, disq. Oct 1815. | November 1816 |
Roberts, John | 1764–66, 67–70, 71–72, 75*–76**–78, Nov 80–83, 85–88, 90–93, 95–98, 1800–01*–02**–03*, 05–08 | February 1810 |
Robertson, Archibald | Jun 1841–42, 44–47 | June 1847 |
Robinson, George Abercrombie | 1808–11, 13–16, 18–19*–20**–1, 23–5*–6**, 28, disq. Mar 1829. | |
Rooke, Giles | 1758–60, 61–64 | December 1790 |
Rous, Thomas | 1758, 60*, 61*, 62**, 64**, 65, 66*, 67**, 70–71 | June 1771 |
Rous, Thomas Bates | 1773, 74, 76–79. | February 1799 |
Rumbold, Thomas | 1772, 75–77, resigned Aug 1777 | November 1791 |
Saunders, Thomas | 1765–66, 67* | October 1775 |
Savage, Henry | 1755–58, 60–62, 64–67, 70–77, 79–82 | March 1785 |
Scott, David (of Dunninald) | Dec 1788–91, 93–95*–96**, 98–1800*–01**, resigned Apr 1802 | November 1805 |
Scott, David (2) | 1814–17, 19–20, disq. Aug 1820 | July 1872 |
Scrafton, Luke | 1765–68 | |
Seward, Richard | 1759, 61–63. | March 1764 |
Shank, Henry | 1831–34, 36–39, 41–44, 46–49, 51–53. | |
Shepherd, John | Jun 1835–6, 38–41, 43*–44**–46, 48–49*–50**–51**, 53–58 | January 1859 |
Smith, George | Apr 1795, 97–1800, 02–05*, 07–10, 12–15, 17–20, 22–5, 27–30, 32–3, disq. Jul 1833. | December 1836 |
Smith, Martin Tucker | Dec 1838, 40–43, 45–48, 50–58 | October 1880 |
Smith, John (see Burges, John Smith) | ||
Smith, Joshua | 1771–72 | March 1819 |
Smith, Nathaniel | 1774–75, 77–80, 82*–83***–84**–85*, 87*–88**–90, 92–94 | May 1794 |
Smith, Richard | 1759–62, 64 | December 1782 |
Smith, Samuel | 1783–86, disq. Jul 1786. | June 1793 |
Snell, William | 1762–64, 67–69. | January 1789 |
Sparkes, Joseph | 1773–74, 76–79, 81–84, 86–89 | February 1790 |
Stables, John | 1774–76, 78–81, disq. Oct 1781. | January 1795 |
Steevens, George | 1758–60, 62, 63 | June 1763 |
Stephenson, John | 1765–68 | April 1794 |
Stuart, James[3] | 1826–9, 31–2 | April 1833 |
Sulivan, Laurence | 1758**, 60**, 61**, 63*, 64, 69, 71, 72*, 78–80*–81**, 83–85 | February 1786 |
Sykes, William Henry | Jul 1840–42, 44–47, 49–52, 54–55*–56**–58 | June 1872 |
Tatem, George | 1772–74, 76–79, 81–84, Jul 1786, 88–91, 93–96, 98–1801 | July 1807 |
Taylor, John Bladen | Jan 1810, 11–14, 16–19 | 1819 |
Thelusson, George Woodford | Sep 1796–7, 99–1802, 04–07 | December 1811 |
Thornhill, John | Oct 1815–16, 18–21, 23–26, 28–31, 33–36, 38–40 | February 1841 |
Thornton, Robert | Dec 1787–88, 90–93, 95–98, 1800–03, 05–08, 10–13** disq. Apr 1814. | March 1826 |
Thornton, William (1) | 1759, 61–64. | April 1801 |
Thornton, William (2) (see Astell, William Thornton) | ||
Toone, Sweny | Mar 1798–98–1800, 02–05, 07–10, 12–15, 17–20, 22–25, 27–30, disq. Feb 1831. | |
Townson, John | Mar 1781, 81–83, 85–88, 90–93, 95–96 | March 1797 |
Travers, John | 1786–89, 91–94, 96–99, 1801–04, 06–09 | September 1809 |
Tucker, Henry St. George | 1826–29, 31–33*–34**, 36–39, 41–44, 46*–47**–49, 51 | June 1851 |
Tullie, Timothy | 1750-53, 55–58, 60–63 | August 1765 |
Turner, Whichcott | 1742-45, 47–50, 52-55 | November 1780 |
Twining, Richard | 1810–13, 15–16, disq. Jan 1817 | 1824 |
Vansittart, Henry | 1769 | 1770 |
Verelst, Harry | 1771 | October 1785 |
Vivian, John Hussey | 1856–58. | |
Walpole, Hon. Thomas | 1753-54 | March 1803 |
Walton, Bourchier | 1759, 60–62, d. Jun 1779. | June 1779 |
Ward, Edward | 1762, d. Sep 1762. | September 1762 |
Warden, Francis | Jul 1836, 38–41, 43–46, 48–50, disq. Jul 1850. | |
Warner, Richard | 1760–63. | April 1775 |
Wartalop, Charles | 1769, 72, 73, 74–75, 77–80, 82–84 | December 1784 |
Waters, Thomas | 1759–62 | September 1764 |
Webber, William | 1762–65 | April 1779 |
Western, Maximilian | 1755-57 | April 1764 |
Wheler, Edward | 1765–68, 70–72–73**, 74**–76. | October 1784 |
Whiteman, John Clarmont | May 1844–7, 49–52 | August 1866 |
Wier, Daniel | 1768–73, 74–76 | November 1781 |
Wigram, William | May 1809–12, 15–18, 20–22*–23**, 25–28,30–3*, 35–38, 40–43, 45–48, 50–53 | 1858 |
Wilberforce, William | 1753–54 | 1777 |
Wilkinson, Jacob | 1782–3, resigned Nov 1783 | May 1791 |
Williams, Robert | 1809–12, d. Jul 1812 | July 1812 |
Williams, Stephen | Mar 1790, 91–94, 96–99, 1801–04 | March 1805 |
Willock, Henry | Jan 1838, 39–42, 44*–45**–47, 49–52, 54–58 | 1858 |
Willoughby, John Pollard | 1854–8 | September 1866 |
Willy, William | 1746-49, 51-54 | May 1765 |
Winter, James | 1737-40, 42–45, 47–50, 52-54 | January 1756 |
Wombwell, George | 1766–68, 75–77**–78**, 80, d. Nov 1780 | November 1780 |
Woodhouse, John | 1768–71, 73–76, 78–81, Jan 1784–84–86, 88–90, disq. Feb 1791 | August 1792 |
Young, William | Mar 1829–29–31, 33–36, 38–41, 43–46 |
List of chairmen and deputy chairmen since 1714
[edit]Prior to 1714 the Chairman and Deputy Chairman were appointed at each meeting of the Court.[4]
References
[edit]- C.H. & D. Philips, "Alphabetical List of Directors of the East India Company from 1758 to 1858". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society October 1941
Notes
[edit]- ^ The killing in Multan of Patrick Vans Agnew and Lt Anderson sparked the Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–1849)
- ^ Parker, James Gordon (1977). The Directors of the East India Company, 1754-1790 (PDF) (PhD). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- ^ Harratt, Simon (2009). D. R. Fisher (ed.). "STUART, James (1774–1833), of 63 Portland Place, Mdx". The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1820–1832. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
- ^ Record of Services of the Honourable East India Company's Civil Servants in the Madras Presidency