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Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

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This article is about the Brazilian football league. For other uses, see Serie A (disambiguation).

Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
Organising bodyBrazilian Football Confederation
Founded1937; 87 years ago (1937)
CountryBrazil
ConfederationCONMEBOL
Number of teams20 (since 2006)
Level on pyramid1
Relegation toSérie B
Domestic cup(s)
International cup(s)
Current championsPalmeiras (12th title)
(2023)
Most championshipsPalmeiras (12 titles)
Most appearancesFábio (681)
Top goalscorerRoberto Dinamite (190)
TV partnersList of broadcasters
Websitebrasileiraobetano.com.br
Current: 2024 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

The Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐ̃pjoˈnatu bɾaziˈlejɾu ˈsɛɾii ˈa]; English: "Brazilian Championship A Series"), commonly referred to as the Brasileirão (pronounced [bɾazilejˈɾãw]; English: "Big Brazilian" or "Great Brazilian"), the Série A or the Brazilian Série A (to distinguish it from the Italian Serie A), is a Brazilian professional league for men's football clubs. At the top of the Brazilian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B. In 2021, the competition was chosen by the IFFHS as the strongest national league in South America as well as the strongest in the world.[1]

Due to historical peculiarities and the large geographical size of the country, Brazil has a relatively short history of nationwide football competitions. The main and most prestigious competitions were the state championships, run in each of the Brazilian states,[2] with occasional inter-state tournaments, such as the Torneio Rio–São Paulo.[3] In 1959, advancements in civil aviation and air transport and the need to appoint a Brazilian representative to the first edition of the Copa Libertadores, led to the creation of a regular nationwide tournament, the Taça Brasil. In 1967, the Torneio Rio-São Paulo was expanded to include teams from other states, becoming the Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa, which was also considered a national tournament. The first tournament downright called a national championship was held in 1971, also won by Atlético Mineiro, although it was only referred to as "Campeonato Brasileiro" starting in 1989.

One of the historical characteristics of the Brazilian Championship was the lack of standardization in the competition system, the rules and the number of participants, which changed almost every season. Because of this, in several seasons there was no promotion and relegation system to the Second Division, and sometimes there weren't different tiers. Number of clubs also fluctuated, with the 1979 edition reached its peak, with 92 participants. The various formats already adopted include a knockout tournament system (1959–1968) and a mixed system with a group stage followed by playoffs (1967–2002). The championship's competition formula was standardized only in 2006, when the round-robin system with 20 clubs was adopted with all teams facing each other in home and away games.[4]

In 2010, the champions of national tournaments from 1959 to 1970—Taça Brasil and Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa—have been declared official winners of the Brazilian championship or champions of Brazil (not winners of Brasileirão or Série A) by the Brazilian Football Confederation.[5] In August 2023, the CBF declared the 1937 Torneio dos Campeões retroactively a Brazilian championship.[6] The titles of old tournaments, cited in the Brazilian championship history, are equated to the title of Série A, but the tournaments are cataloging with their original name in the statistics[7] (despite being different competitions, they confer the same title).[8][9]

The Campeonato Brasileiro is one of the strongest leagues in the world; it contains the second-most club world champions titles, with 10 championships won among six clubs, and the second-most Copa Libertadores titles, with 23 titles won among 11 clubs. The IFFHS ranked the league fourth in strength for the 2001–12 period after the Premier League (England), La Liga (Spain), and Serie A (Italy).[10] The Campeonato Brasileiro is the most-watched football league in the Americas and one of the world's most exposed, broadcast in 155 nations. It is also one of the world's richest championships, ranked as the sixth most valuable with a worth of over US$1.43 billion, generating an annual turnover of over US$1.17 billion in 2012.

Since 1959, a total of 156 clubs have played in the Campeonato Brasileiro.[11] Seventeen clubs have been crowned Brazilian football champions, thirteen of which have won the title more than once. Palmeiras is the most successful club of the Campeonato Brasileiro, having won the competition twelve times, followed by Santos with eight titles, and Corinthians and Flamengo with seven titles each. Santos' Os Santásticos won five consecutive titles between 1961 and 1965, a feat that remains unequalled. The state of São Paulo is the most successful, amassing 34 titles among five clubs.

History

[edit]

Early competition and attempts to create a national championship

[edit]
São Paulo Athletic Club and CA Paulistano in the final of the first São Paulo State Championship in 1902

Anglo-Brazilian Charles Miller introduced Brazil to football association rules to Brazil in 1894 upon his return from England, where he attended college and discovered the sport, and it soon became popular in the country. In 1902 Miller helped to organize the Liga Paulista de Foot-Ball (current Campeonato Paulista), Brazil's first football league. The league only played in the area of the State of São Paulo.[12] Due the size of Brazil, economic and geographical challenges, and lack of transport infraestructure, the creation of a fully national league or championship was almost impossible. Instead the rest of Brazil followed São Paulo's example and founded state football leagues for each of the federative units of Brazil.[13] The state leagues remained the main and most prestigious championships, and were considered the equivalent of national leagues of other countries.

The Taça Brasil trophy.

As the sport grew in size, the local state federations and the recently created Confederação Brasileira de Desportos (CBD) started to organize a number of different interstate and regional tournaments.[14] The most popular form of competition in a national level was the Campeonato Brasileiro de Seleções Estaduais (Brazilian Championship of State Teams), a tournament formed by Seleções, teams formed by the best representatives from each state of Brazil (a concept similar to national teams). Originally the nomenclature "Brazilian Championship" belonged to this tournament.[15] While the most prestigious club tournament outside the state championships was the Torneio Rio–São Paulo, organized jointly by the Federação Paulista de Futebol (FPF) and Federação Carioca de Futebol (FCF, current FERJ) and competed between clubs from the Campeonato Paulista and Campeonato Carioca.[3] Since the two championships had the best teams of Brazil at the time, this tournament was considered sometimes a de facto Brazilian championship,[3][16] for example, in 1951 the Spanish newspaper El Mundo Deportivo called the Rio-São Paulo Tournament the "unofficial Brazilian championship", stating that the two states had the best teams in Brazil.[16]

One of the first experiences of organizing a club championship at national level was the Torneio dos Campeões de 1920 [pt], competed between the winners of the Campeonato Paulista (Paulistano), Campeonato Carioca (Fluminense) and Campeonato Gaúcho (Brasil de Pelotas).[17] A second edition was done in the 1937 Torneios dos Campeões, won by Atlético Mineiro. It was the first with fully professional clubs. In August 2023, the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) officially recognized the tournament as a Brazilian championship, thus conferring to Atlético Mineiro the status of first national champions of Brazil.[18]

Taça Brasil and Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa

[edit]
The 1970 Taça de Prata awarded to Fluminense

The Taça Brasil (Brazil Cup) was introduced in 1959,[19] and ran until 1968.[20] The Taça Brasil was created to select a representative for the newly created Copa Libertadores de América, and it was intended to become Brazil's new national competition, replacing the Campeonato Brasileiro de Seleções Estaduais.[19] The Taça Brasil was a pure knockout tournament, with the participants selected from the champions of the state championships.[19] The first champion was Bahia which defeated Pelé's Santos in a remarkable underdog victory. Breaking the Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo hegemony in national football.[21]

In 1967, the Federação Paulista de Futebol and Federação Carioca de Futebol decided to expand the Torneio Rio–São Paulo to include teams from other states of Brazil. Thus becoming the Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa, nicknamed the Robertão by fans and media.[14] Differently from the Taça Brasil, the Robertão was competed with a round-robin system, with two groups in the first stage, and a quadrangular with the two best teams of each group on the final stage.[14] It was competed between 1967 and 1970.

In 1968, the delay in closing the 1968 Taça Brasil made CBD use the Robertão to determine the Libertadores representatives. The Confederation took over the organization of the Robertão, officially renaming it to the "Taça de Prata" (Silver Cup), and extinguished the Taça Brasil after the end of that year's edition. The Robertão remained the top Brazilian championship the following two years.[22] In 2010 the CBF announced that these were to be regarded as Brazilian championships. Because the Robertão and the Taça Brasil ran at the same time for two years (1967 and 1968), the 1968 season has two separate simultaneous Brazilian champions: the 1968 Taça Brasil was won by Botafogo and the 1968 Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa was won by Santos. In contrast, the 1967 season saw Palmeiras champion of both competitions.[23]

Campeonato Nacional de Clubes and Copa Brasil

[edit]
Garrincha playing for Botafogo in the 1960s

Following Brazil's third world title at the 1970 FIFA World Cup, president Emílio Médici decided to better organize Brazilian football. The Brazilian military government had become heavily involved in football as a way to promote the legitimization of the military regime, national unity and patriotism, as well as part of the Programa de Integração Nacional [pt], which sought the geographical integration of Brazil.[24][25] In a meeting with the CBD and the club presidents in October 1970, it was decided to create the following year a Brazilian championship contested by twenty teams, inspired by the national tournaments in the European nations. The first edition was named "Campeonato Nacional de Clubes" ("National Championship of Clubs"), was held in 1971 and won by Atlético Mineiro.[26] The top division was named "Divisão Extra" (Extra Division), while a newly created second division earned the "Primeira Divisão" (First Division) name. The second division was a fusion of the already existing Torneio Centro-Sul and the Copa Norte-Nordeste, with teams from regions with less expression in national football and weaker teams from the main footballing states of Brazil. The first champion was Villa Nova Atlético Clube, from the town of Nova Lima, Minas Gerais.[27] There wasn't, however, a system of promotion and relegation. The clubs were instead selected to participate in either division according to their performances at their respective state championships.[26]

Group photo of the 1978 Guarani squad, from the city of Campinas, winners of the 1978 Campeonato Nacional de Clubes. Together with Santos, they are the only teams not belonging to a state capital to become national champions.[28]

In the next few years, due to the influence of the military regime, the number of clubs that participated in the competition steadily increased.[24] Each subsequent edition added teams to garner support to the military government, specially from regions were ruling party ARENA had less support. This was epitomized by a common aphorism at the time: "Onde a ARENA vai mal, mais um time no Nacional" ("Where ARENA is doing badly, another team in the National [championship]").[24][29] The inaugural edition, inspired in the European leagues, had 20 teams. The second edition in 1972 expanded to 26 clubs. The 1973 edition saw the second division dissolved and its clubs were now participating in an unified national championship with 40 clubs. By the 1979 edition, the number of clubs participating peaked, with a total of 92 teams. From 1975 onwards, the competition was officially named Copa Brasil (Brazil Cup).

Creation of the CBF, new reformulations and crises

[edit]
Zico playing for Flamengo at the 1981 Taça de Ouro

In 1980, the CBD was dissolved and on its place was created the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF). This coincided with the 1980s financial crisis in Brazil, which together with the previous decade's oil crisis and the gradual end of the military dictatorship, led to major reorganization of Brazilian football.[25] The Championship was downsized and a new format was introduced. The 1980 edition was named "Taça de Ouro" (Gold Cup). The second division was also reintroduced, now with the name "Taça de Prata" (Silver Cup).[30] A mechanism of promotion also first appeared in this edition: the four best-ranked teams in the first phase of the "Taça Prata" would go on to compete in the second phase of the "Taça Ouro". The Taça de Bronze (Bronze Cup) was also created as a third division in 1981, with the inaugural champion being Olaria Atlético Clube, a club from the neighbourhood of Olaria in the city of Rio de Janeiro. But citing financial issues, the CBF announced, shortly after the end of the first edition, that the tournament would be discontinued.[31] The third division would later return in one-off editions in 1988, 1990, 1992 until it became regularly competed from 1994 onwards.

In 1987, CBF announced it was not financially able to organize the Brazilian football championship, a mere few weeks before it was scheduled to begin. As a result, the thirteen most popular football clubs in Brazil created an association, called Clube dos 13, to organize a championship of their own. This tournament was called Copa União and was run by the 16 clubs that eventually took part in it (Santa Cruz, Coritiba and Goiás were invited to join). CBF initially stood by the Club of the 13 decision. However, weeks later, with the competition already underway, and under pressure from football clubs excluded from the Copa União, CBF adopted a new set of rules, which considered the Copa União part of a larger tournament, comprising another 16 teams. According to that new set of rules, the Copa União would be dubbed the Green Module of the CBF championship, whereas the other 16 teams would play the Yellow Module. In the end, the first two teams of each Module would play each other to define the national champions and the two teams that would represent Brazil in the Copa Libertadores in 1988. However, that new set of rules was never recognized by the Club of the 13 and largely ignored by most of the Brazilian media, who concentrated their attention in the independent league, eventually won by Clube de Regatas do Flamengo. The eventual final tourney was set to have Sport and Guarani, from the yellow module, and Flamengo and Internacional from the green one. It never materialized, however, as Flamengo and Internacional refused to partake in it. As a result, Sport and Guarani played each other, with the first one winning the Championship for 1987 and both going on to represent Brazil in the 1988 Copa Libertadores. Although Flamengo has attempted to gain ownership of the championship multiple times through the justice system, Sport remains recognized by both CBF and FIFA as 1987 Champions.[32][33] Part of the football fans in Brazil still consider Flamengo as the Brazilian Champion of 1987, or at least co-champions.[34]

After the chaos caused by the 1987 edition, the CBF and Club of the 13 reached an agreement on how to organize the next year's edition of the Copa União. The 1988 Campeonato Brasileiro reduced the number of participants, to hold a more competitive championship with just 24 teams. Furthermore, for the first time, the competition had a true promotion and relegation system, as required by FIFA. The last four placed in the first division (Bangu, Santa Cruz, Criciúma and America) fell to the second division in 1989, being replaced by Inter de Limeira and Náutico, respectively champion and runner-up of the 1988 Special Division.[35] The 1989 edition was the first to use the terminology "Série A", inspired by the Italian league system.

Changes to CBF and transitional period

[edit]

On January 16, 1989, Ricardo Teixeira assumed the presidency of the CBF. He came to command the Confederation at a time when it was facing serious financial problems. Teixeira managed to turn it into a profitable operation through millionaire contracts involving the Brazilian national team. During his management, the Brazilian Championship became more reorganized and the revenue generated by the clubs was increased, both in television quotas and sponsorships. However, since the first decade of his administration, Ricardo Teixeira has been involved in several allegations of corruption.[36]

The Brazilian Championship had already been tested with countless different formulas and names, being quite bloated and confusing in several editions. However, from 1987 onwards, with the creation of the Copa União, there was a decrease in the number of participants in the championship. As a result, several clubs from less popular regions that entered the national competition because they were state champions no longer faced clubs considered "big" and traditional, and as a result, some associations were even at risk of becoming extinct. To calm the discontent of these clubs and smaller federations, the CBF was forced to create a national "cup" along the lines of the European ones. In 1989, the entity created a secondary national competition, the Copa do Brasil, which allowed clubs from all states to enter. The first champion of the Copa do Brasil was Grêmio.[37] With the creation of this new tournament, the CBF decided, for the first time, to officially name the country's main national football tournament the "Campeonato Brasileiro", to make it clear which was the national tournament in Brazil that would give its winner the title of Brazilian champion and, also, to avoid confusion between "Copa do Brasil" and "Copa Brasil", one of the old names used by the Brasileirão between 1975 and 1980.[37][38]

In the 1999 edition, a new relegation system was adopted, similar to that used in the Argentine football league. The two clubs with the worst campaigns in the first phase and in the previous season were relegated. However, this system only lasted a single season. During the first phase of the competition, it was discovered that the player Sandro Hiroshi of São Paulo was registered irregularly. Botafogo, at the risk of being relegated to Série B, requested a 6-1 loss to São Paulo to be annulled. Later Internacional also successfully appealed to have a match result voided (a 2-2 draw) on the same grounds.[39] The Supreme Court of Sporting Justice (STJD) ruled in favor of Internacional and Botafogo, and they both gained points. Botafogo was saved from relegation, and the change made SE Gama, from the Federal District, to be relegated instead.[39] Gama, together with the Distrito Federal Football Coaches Union and political party PFL immediately sued the CBF to return to the Série A. The common courts decided in favor of Gama, going against the STJD's decision.[4] By June 2000, the trial was not solved, and CBF could not organize the 2000 edition of the Brasileirão.[4][40]

Without the CBF, the Clube dos 13 decided to organize the Brazilian Championship, which became known as the Copa João Havelange. To avoid further legal problems, the championship would encompass all divisions. This edition became controversial for its organization: 116 clubs from all the three divisions, divided in four "modules" organized as the championships before the Sandro Hiroshi case. The Blue Module, equivalent to the Série A, Yellow Module, equivalent to the Série B with some Série C clubs, and the Green and White Modules from Série C clubs, the former from the North, Northeast and Central-West regions of Brazil and the latter from South and Southeast of Brazil. Although equivalents to different tiers, the best placed teams from the all modules would qualify for the play-offs.[4] Another controversy was the choice of clubs for the Blue Module: Fluminense, which had played in 1999 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C and obtained promotion to Série B, was included in the Blue Module of the new competition, where the elite of Brazilian football was, without having to go through the second division. Similarly, Bahia, playing at the 1999 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B failed to promote back to the top division, was included in the Blue Module.[4]

Modern championship: round-robin format, stabilization and growth

[edit]
Tifo organized by Corinthians supporters to celebrate its 6th title after winning the 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

One of the historical characteristics of the Brazilian Championship was the lack of standardization and constant change in the competition system, as well as the rules and the number of participants. Changes to the format started being discussed in favor of a regular and stable form of competition ever since Ricardo Teixeira's election in 1989, but the chaos of the 2000 edition made it even more apparent that change was necessary.[4][41] In 2002, the Clube dos 13 voted in favor of adopting a European-style round-robin format: The matches are divided into two rounds, and the team that scores the most points is declared champion. The tiebreaker criteria vary, from goal sequence to number of victories. Rede Globo, the Brasileirão's main broadcasting partner was against the removal of playoffs, arguing for a loss of revenue and audience without decisive games.[41] 24 clubs disputed the 2003 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the first one with the round-robin system, and Cruzeiro won Brazil's first domestic treble after winning that year's Série A, Copa do Brasil and Campeonato Mineiro. The next years saw the number of clubs later scaled down to 22 in 2005 and 20 in 2006. In what the CBF itself confirmed as a "definitive format", with the four best teams qualifying for the Copa Libertadores, and the four worst teams being relegated to Série B with the season being between May and December. This was the last change to the competition's format, which has remained stable ever since.[42]

In 2008, the CBF announced the creation the Série D as a fourth division. In 2009, the number of clubs in the Série C was downsized from 63 to 20 teams. The 2009 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D had 39 teams and its first champion was São Raimundo from Santarém, Pará.[43] Currently the Série D has 64 teams and serves as the lowest national tier.

In 2010, CBF decided to recognize the champions of both Taça Brasil (1959–68) and Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa (1967–70) as Brazilian Champions, creating some controversy as there was a two-year period when both tournaments were held, thus Palmeiras was awarded two times for winning both in 1967 and both Santos and Botafogo were recognized as champions in 1968 as each tournament was won by one of them.[8] In August 2023, the CBF declared the Torneio dos Campeões 1937 retroactively a Brazilian championship, giving a Brazilian title to Atlético Mineiro.[6]

The titles of old tournaments, cited in the Brazilian championship history, are equated to the title of Série A, but the tournaments are cataloging with their original name in the statistics[7] (despite being different competitions, they confer the same title).[8][9]

Competition format

[edit]

Competition

[edit]

There are 20 clubs in the Brasileirão. During the course of a season (from May to December) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, victories, goal difference, and goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion. If points are equal between two or more clubs, the rules are:[44]

  • If the tie is between more than two clubs not competing for the national title or relegation, then the tie is broken using the total number of games won and total goal difference during the league. The following criteria are goals scored and points in head-to-head matches.
  • If the tie is still not broken, the winner will be determined by Fair Play scales.
  • If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, the Fair Play scales will not be taken into account; a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. Otherwise, a drawing of lots will determine the final positions.

A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Brasileirão and the Série B. The four lowest placed teams in the Brasileirão are relegated to Série B, and the top four teams from the Série B promoted to the Brasileirão.

Qualification for international competitions

[edit]
Peñarol vs Santos in the Centenario Stadium of Montevideo during the 2011 Copa Libertadores Finals.

Since 2016, the top six clubs in the Brasileirão qualify for the following Copa Libertadores. The top four clubs directly enter the group stage whilst the fifth and sixth-placed clubs enter in the second round. The number of teams qualifying for the Libertadores may increase depending on who wins the Copa do Brasil, Copa Sudamericana or Copa Libertadores.

Clubs from seventh to twelfth place qualify for the following Copa Sudamericana, although as above the numbers can depend on other competitions.

Champions

[edit]
Main article: List of Brazilian football champions

Seventeen clubs are officially recognized to have been the Brazilian football champions. In bold those competing in Série A as of 2024 season. In italic the clubs who have never been relegated to any lower division.

Club Titles RU Years won Years runner-up
São Paulo (state) Palmeiras 12 4 1960, 1967, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1973, 1993, 1994, 2016, 2018, 2022, 2023 1970, 1978, 1997, 2017
São Paulo (state) Santos 8 8 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 2002, 2004 1959, 1966, 1983, 1995, 2003, 2007, 2016, 2019
São Paulo (state) Corinthians 7 3 1990, 1998, 1999, 2005, 2011, 2015, 2017 1976, 1994, 2002
Rio de Janeiro (state) Flamengo 1980, 1982, 1983, 1992, 2009, 2019, 2020 1964, 2018, 2021
São Paulo (state) São Paulo 6 6 1977, 1986, 1991, 2006, 2007, 2008 1971, 1973, 1981, 1989, 1990, 2014
Minas Gerais Cruzeiro 4 5 1966, 2003, 2013, 2014 1969, 1974, 1975, 1998, 2010
Rio de Janeiro (state) Vasco da Gama 4 1974, 1989, 1997, 2000 1965, 1979, 1984, 2011
Rio de Janeiro (state) Fluminense 1 1970, 1984, 2010, 2012 1937
Rio Grande do Sul Internacional 3 8 1975, 1976, 1979 1967, 1968, 1988, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2020, 2022
Minas Gerais Atlético Mineiro 5 1937, 1971, 2021 1977, 1980, 1999, 2012, 2015
Rio Grande do Sul Grêmio 2 4 1981, 1996 1982, 2008, 2013, 2023
Rio de Janeiro (state) Botafogo 3 1968, 1995 1962, 1972, 1992
Bahia Bahia 2 1959, 1988 1961, 1963
São Paulo (state) Guarani 1 2 1978 1986, 1987
Paraná (state) Athletico Paranaense 1 2001 2004
Paraná (state) Coritiba 0 1985 —
Pernambuco Sport Recife 1987
Ceará Fortaleza 0 2 — 1960, 1968
São Paulo (state) São Caetano 2 2000, 2001
Pernambuco Náutico 1 1967
Rio de Janeiro (state) Bangu 1985
São Paulo (state) RB Bragantino 1991
Bahia Vitória 1993
São Paulo (state) Portuguesa 1996

Note: although some consider Flamengo as champion of the Brazilian Championship in 1987, Sport is officially the only champion of this competition.

Nomenclature and sponsorship

[edit]

The Campeonato Brasileiro had its official name changed often before settling on Campeonato Brasileiro in 1989.[45]

Identity English name Years Official Sponsor
Copa dos Campeões Estaduais State Champions Cup
1937
 None
Taça Brasil Brazil Cup
1959–1968
Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa Roberto Gomes Pedrosa Tournament
1967–1970
Campeonato Nacional National Championship
1971–1974
Copa Brasil Brazil Cup
1975–1979, 1984, 1986
Taça de Ouro Golden Cup
1980–1983, 1985
Copa Brasil Brazil Cup[a]
1987–88
Copa João Havelange João Havelange Cup
2000
Campeonato Brasileiro Brazilian Championship
1989–1999, 2001–

2001: LATAM (Brasileirão TAM)
2002: Visa (Troféu VISA Electron)
2005: Nestlé (Taça Nestlé Brasileirão)[46]
2009–2012: Petrobras (Brasileirão Petrobras)[47][48]
2014–2017: Chevrolet (Brasileirão Chevrolet)[49][50]
2018–2023: Assaí Atacadista (Brasileirão Assaí)[51]
2024–: Betano (Brasileirão Betano)

Finances

[edit]

The Brasileirão had total club revenues of US$1.17 billion in 2012. This makes the Brasileirão the highest revenue football league in the Americas, and the highest outside of Europe's "big five."[52]

The Brasileirão is also one of the world's most valuable football leagues, having a marketing value and worth over US$1.24 billion in 2013.[53] The total worth of every club in the 2013 Brasileirão is US$1.07 billion.[54]

The Brasileirão's television rights were worth over US$610 million in 2012; that accounts for over 57% of Latin America as a whole.[55]

In 2013 Corinthians was the 16th most valuable club in the world, worth over US$358 million.[56] As of 2021, no Brazilian club enters the list of the most valuable football clubs.[57]

Clubs

[edit]

The following 20 clubs are competing in the Série A during the 2024 season.

Club Position
in 2023 		First season in
top division 		Number of seasons
in top division 		First season of
current spell 		Number of seasons
of current spell 		Top
division
titles 		Last top
division title
Athletico Paranaense 8th 1959 48 2013 12 1 2001
Atlético Goianiense 4th (Série B) 1965 14 2024 1 0 N/A
Atlético Mineiro 3rd 1959 62 2007 18 3 2021
Bahia 16th 1959 51 2023 2 2 1988
Botafogo 5th 1962 59 2022 3 2 1995
Corinthians 13th 1967 56 2009 16 7 2017
Criciúma 3rd (Série B) 1979 14 2024 1 0 N/A
Cruzeiro 14th 1960 61 2023 2 4 2014
Cuiabáa 12th 2021 4 2021 4 0 N/A
Flamengoa, b 4th 1964 59 1967 57 7 2020
Fluminense 7th 1960 59 2000 25 4 2012
Fortaleza 10th 1959 26 2019 6 0 N/A
Grêmio 2nd 1959 64 2023 2 2 1996
Internacional 9th 1962 58 2018 7 3 1979
Juventude 2nd (Série B) 1977 19 2024 1 0 N/A
Palmeiras 1st 1960 61 2014 11 12 2023
Red Bull Bragantino 6th 1990 14 2020 5 0 N/A
São Pauloa, b 11th 1967 57 1980 45 6 2008
Vasco da Gama 15th 1959 55 2023 2 4 2000
Vitória 1st (Série B) 1965 40 2024 1 0 N/A

a: Unrelegated clubs
b: Clubs that never played outside the top division

Most appearances

[edit]
As of 2024 season, after 1937 Copa dos Campeões Estaduais recognition

Below is the list of clubs that have more appearances in the Campeonato Brasileiro. There are 159 teams that have taken part in 1 Copa dos Campeões Estaduais, 10 Taça Brasil, 4 Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa and 53 Campeonato Brasileiro editions. The teams in bold compete in Série A currently. The year in parentheses represents the most recent year of participation at this level.

Clubs relegated from Série A

[edit]
Taça de Ouro era

Clubs are relegated from Taça de Ouro to Taça de Prata of the same year, likewise happens today in international club competitions (3rd place of Copa Libertadores to Copa Sudamericana knock-out playoff). The last place of each group and the four clubs that lost in the repechage play-off were sent to the dispute of Taça de Prata.[58][59]

Year Clubs
1982 Nacional (AM) (Group A), Ríver (Group B), Ferroviário (Group C), Itabaiana (Group D), Mixto (Group E), Vitória (Group F), Taguatinga (Group G), Joinville (Group H)

América de Natal (Play-off loser), CSA (Play-off loser), Goiás (Play-off loser), Desportiva (Play-off loser)

1983 Moto Club (Group A), Joinville (Group B), Galícia (Group C), Fortaleza (Group D), Mixto (Group E), Rio Branco (ES) (Group F), Brasília (Group G), Treze (Group H)

Paysandu (Play-off loser), CSA (Play-off loser), Juventus (Play-off loser), Ferroviário (Play-off loser)

Copa União
Year Clubs
1987 Santos, Corinthians

According to the regulation, The 15th (Santos) and 16th (Corinthians) placed teams would play the 1988 Second Level.[60] However, the Clube dos 13, organizer of the Copa União, and the Confederação Brasileira de Futebol, put an end to the litigation between the associations, and the 1988 championship was again organized entirely by the CBF, making the relegations invalid.[61]

Knock-out tournament
Year Clubs
1988 Bangu

Santa Cruz Criciúma America (RJ)

1989 Atlético Paranaense, Guarani, Sport
1990 São José (SP), Inter de Limeira
1991 Grêmio, Vitória
1992 None
1993 América Mineiro[a], Ceará, Coritiba, Atlético Paranaense, Santa Cruz, Goiás, Fortaleza, Desportiva
1994 Remo, Náutico
1995 Paysandu, União São João
1996 Canceled[b]
1997 Bahia, Criciúma, Fluminense, União São João
1998 América Mineiro, Goiás, Bragantino, América de Natal
1999 See Copa João Havelange
2000 None
2001 Santa Cruz, América Mineiro, Botafogo (SP), Sport
2002 Portuguesa, Palmeiras, Gama, Botafogo
Round-robin tournament
Year Clubs (points)
2003 Fortaleza (49), Bahia (46)
2004 Criciúma (50), Guarani (49), Vitória (49), Grêmio (39)
2005 Coritiba (49), Atlético Mineiro (47), Paysandu (41), Brasiliense (41)
2006 Ponte Preta (39), Fortaleza (38), São Caetano (36), Santa Cruz (28)
2007 Corinthians (44), Paraná (43), Juventude (41), América de Natal (17)
2008 Figueirense (44), Vasco da Gama (40), Portuguesa (38), Ipatinga (35)
2009 Coritiba (45), Santo André (41), Náutico (38), Sport (31)
2010 Vitória (42), Guarani (37), Goiás (33), Grêmio Prudente (28)
2011 Atlético Paranaense (41), Ceará (39), América Mineiro (37), Avaí (31)
2012 Sport (41), Palmeiras (34), Atlético Goianiense (30), Figueirense (30)
2013 Portuguesa[c] (44), Vasco da Gama (44), Ponte Preta (37), Náutico (20)
2014 Vitória (38), Bahia (37), Botafogo (34), Criciúma (32)
2015 Avaí (42), Vasco da Gama (41), Goiás (38), Joinville (31)
2016 Internacional (43), Figueirense (37), Santa Cruz (31), América Mineiro (28)
2017 Coritiba (43), Avaí (43), Ponte Preta (39), Atlético Goianiense (36)
2018 América Mineiro (40), Sport (39), Vitória (37), Paraná (23)
2019 Cruzeiro (36), CSA (32), Chapecoense (32), Avaí (20)
2020 Vasco da Gama (41), Goiás (37), Coritiba (31), Botafogo (27)
2021 Grêmio (43), Bahia (43), Sport (38), Chapecoense (15)
2022 Ceará (37), Atlético Goianiense (36), Avaí (35), Juventude (22)
2023 Santos (43), Goiás (38), Coritiba (30), América Mineiro (24)
  1. ^
    América-MG was suspended for 2 years in 1994, because they contested their relegation in a civil court instead the sports court. In 1996 the team would return to the Série B (2nd level).[62]
  2. ^
    Sports court (STJD) canceled all relegations in 1996 season, sparing Fluminense and Bragantino.[63]
  3. ^
    Fluminense is spared from relegation after the end of championship.[64] Sports court deducted 4 points from Portuguesa[65] and 4 points for Flamengo,[66] for fielding an ineligible players (Héverton and André Santos, respectively).[67][68]

All-time table

[edit]

The All-time Campeonato Brasileiro table is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in the Brazilian League. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2023 season, and includes the recently recognized 1937 Copa dos Campeões Estaduais, and all editions since 1959. Teams in bold will take part in the top division in 2024.[69][70]

Team Pts GP W D L GF GA GD
1 São Paulo 2368 1614 703 478 433 2323 1667 +656
2 Internacional 2308 1595 695 448 452 2156 1633 +523
3 Atlético Mineiro 2295 1616 697 443 476 2347 1873 +474
4 Palmeiras 2294 1541 708 424 409 2286 1640 +646
5 Flamengo 2281 1622 688 451 483 2267 1832 +435
6 Santos 2278 1630 681 461 488 2368 1850 +518
7 Corinthians 2267 1597 678 471 448 2085 1659 +426
8 Grêmio 2223 1589 679 433 477 2134 1697 +437
9 Cruzeiro 2133 1519 647 417 455 2166 1710 +456
10 Fluminense 2051 1555 609 422 524 2077 1866 +211
11 Vasco da Gama 1852 1447 543 436 468 1967 1763 +204
12 Botafogo 1819 1462 531 418 513 1842 1784 +58
13 Athletico Paranaense 1715 1291 488 341 462 1676 1578 +98
14 Goiás 1428 1169 401 325 443 1477 1523 -46
15 Coritiba 1351 1145 396 303 446 1329 1413 -84
16 Bahia 1337 1168 386 359 423 1318 1423 -105
17 Sport Recife 1161 1010 335 277 398 1133 1252 -119
18 Vitória 1107 972 319 259 394 1165 1360 -195
19 Portuguesa 900 787 260 249 278 961 973 -12
20 Guarani 889 709 269 215 225 898 797 +101
Campeonato Brasileiro table from 1971 to 1979[citation needed]
Pos Team GP W D L Pts
1 Internacional 122 66 38 18 188
2 Grêmio 122 63 38 21 176
3 Palmeiras 120 61 41 18 174
4 Corinthians 121 58 46 17 173
5 Cruzeiro 56 47 18 171
6 Atlético Mineiro 58 36 27 168
7 Flamengo 122 59 32 31 164
8 São Paulo 121 54 43 24 163
9 Vasco da Gama 41 27 158 750
10 Botafogo 120 44 49 27 147
Campeonato Brasileiro table from 1980 to 1989[citation needed]
Pos Team GP W D L Pts
1 Flamengo 228 112 70 46 308
2 Vasco da Gama 214 101 64 49 287
3 Atlético Mineiro 209 100 67 42 281
4 São Paulo 206 98 65 43 274
5 Grêmio 216 95 65 56 267
6 Fluminense 203 203 87 61 248
7 Santos 201 82 67 52 241
8 Internacional 199 77 65 57 237
9 Corinthians 201 79 234
10 Cruzeiro 179 67 62 50 205
Campeonato Brasileiro table from 1990 to 1999[citation needed]
Pos Team GP W D L Pts
1 Palmeiras 235 123 59 53 368
2 Corinthians 235 106 65 64 329
3 Santos 99 67 69 320
4 São Paulo 98 64 73 305
5 Atlético Mineiro 224 90 63 71 300
6 Vasco da Gama 225 86 70 69 297
7 Cruzeiro 218 57 75 282
8 Flamengo 231 85 64 82 280
9 Botafogo 225 87 58 80 276
10 Internacional 217 80 62 75 274
Campeonato Brasileiro table from 2000 to 2009[citation needed]
Pos Team GP W D L Pts
1 São Paulo 365 185 95 85 650
2 Santos 368 162 92 114 578
3 Cruzeiro 362 167 73 122 574
4 Internacional 161 81 120 564
5 Athletico Paranaense 366 151 85 130 538
6 Fluminense 368 140 104 124 524
7 Flamengo 362 139 94 129 511
8 Palmeiras 316 134 78 104 480
9 Grêmio 325 132 77 116 473
10 Corinthians 330 126 85 119 463
Campeonato Brasileiro table from 2010 to 2019[citation needed]
Pos Team GP W D L Pts
1 Corinthians 380 170 113 97 623
2 Grêmio 380 174 100 106 622
3 Flamengo 161 111 108 594
4 São Paulo 163 101 116 590
5 Santos 99 118 588
6 Atlético Mineiro 160 93 127 573
7 Cruzeiro 158 98 124 572
8 Fluminense 153 94 133 553
9 Palmeiras 342 145 89 108 524
10 Internacional 342 140 96 106 516

Media coverage

[edit]
Value of television rights
Season(s) Price TV
1987–89 $3.4 million Globo
1990–94 not available
1994–96 $31.4 million
1997–2003 $50 million
2003–05 $390 million
2005–08 $900 million
2009–11 R$1.9 billion
2012–15 R$2.96 billion[71]
2016–19 R$4.11 billion[72]

Currently, the money of television represent a significant share in the finances of clubs in Brazil. The league broadcasting rights are total exclusivity of Grupo Globo, which distributes the live matches for its television stations: TV Globo (terrestrial and satellite), SporTV (pay), and Premiere (through the system pay-per-view), where subscribers have the privilege to follow all 380 annual league matches. Globo, first cited, displays the League first time in 1987, when was created the Clube dos 13, trading tool of clubs with the television. The first television contract was negotiated in 1987, with only conveying the Green Module of the Copa União, organized by the Clube dos 13, the television rights were sold for $3.4 million to Rede Globo.[73][74] And only with the conveying of the championship final, SBT broadcast the game instead,[75] a blow to the Rede Globo, who says today that the Green Module would be the league itself, and then was prevented from entering the Ilha do Retiro.[76][77][78] In 1990, only Rede Bandeirantes acquired the broadcast rights. This edition marked the first national title of Corinthians, second most popular team in the country. Both the final transmission, as the other games, attracted the attention of the public, causing the network to acquire an Ibope Rating of 53 points in the deciding game.[79] This led to the Rede Globo prioritize the League from the next edition, in 1991.[79]

In 1997, began to be restricted games live in cities where the matches are held (except finals). The Clube dos 13 closed the contract with Rede Globo's television rights as the holder of the Brasileirão for $50 million (including editions of 1998 and 1999), and resolves itself split the rights with Rede Bandeirantes during this period. It was the first edition to be shown on pay-per-view (via Premiere).[80] In addition, the first games shown on pay television were courtesy of SporTV, after a controversial signing contract of Clube dos 13 with Globosat. Previously, in 1993, the Club of the 13 an CBF had signed a contract with TVA, a company in which ESPN Brazil was part. However, that decision was declined.[81]

In 2000, the broadcasting rights of the Copa João Havelange, organized by the Clube dos 13, were sold to Rede Globo for $50 million. However, the final of this competition in 2001, was marked by an unusual situation. Vasco da Gama, a finalist against São Caetano, graced the logo of SBT, the second largest television station of Brazil, a direct rival to Globo. This situation was somewhat embarrassing for Globo, which transmitted the final exclusively, and which was seen by an estimated audience of 60 million people.[82] Despite the large number of spectators in the final match, this edition was marked by low ratings, what did the Rede Globo to cancel the broadcast of a few matches.[83]

In 2001, Clube dos 13 defines four divisions of transmission quota, with Corinthians, São Paulo, Palmeiras, Flamengo and Vasco in group 1, Santos in group 2, Fluminense, Botafogo, Atlético Mineiro, Cruzeiro, Internacional and Grêmio in group 3, and Bahia, Goiás, Sport Recife, Portuguesa, Coritiba, Athletico Paranaense, and Vitória in group 4.[84] In 2003, the value was expanded by a considerable amount, for the first time surpassing the three digits, after the adoption of the new format of accrued points. The contract of $130 million per year was signed again by TV Globo.[85] In 2005, C13 renews with Globo for the 2006–09 period in a deal worth $300 million.[86]

In 2009, for the first time, the sale of broadcasting rights of the Brazilian Championship were made via open bidding. Media organisations were invited to bid for TV packages open, closed, PPV, internet and broadcast abroad.[87] Rede Globo subsequently won the largest TV contract in the history of Brazilian football; $1.4 billion for 2009–2011.[88]

In the early part of 2011, the majority of Clube dos 13 indicated they would be negotiating the 2012–2014 league rights independently.[89][90][91][92][93]

In 2012, the final league rights amounts are uncertain. However, it is known that the clubs were divided into four groups: Group 1: Flamengo and Corinthians receiving 84 to 120 million reals; Group 2: São Paulo, Palmeiras, Santos and Vasco receiving 70 to 80 million reais; Group 3: Gremio, Cruzeiro, Atlético Mineiro VAR, Fluminense and Botafogo (45 to 55 million reais); Group 4: other first division clubs (18 to 30 million reais).[94]

In 2013, SporTV made a deal with Fox Sports, giving up the rights of Campeonato Brasileiro in exchange for live coverage of the Copa Libertadores.[95]

In 2016, Bandeirantes ended the partnership with Globo and ceased showing league matches, leaving Globo with exclusive rights.[96] However, the channel of Turner Group, Esporte Interativo made a deal with Atlético-PR, Bahia, Ceará, Coritiba, Internacional, Joinville, Paysandu, Sampaio Corrêa, Santos, Criciúma, Fortaleza, Paraná, Ponte Preta and Santa Cruz for the broadcasting rights on cable television between 2019 and 2024, opposing Globo's SporTV channel. A decision on whether Palmeiras will be joining these teams is awaited.[97]

In February 2021 the streaming service Paramount+ announced it will broadcast 350 matches[98]

Flamengo and Corinthians, the two most supported teams in Brazil, receive approximately 25% (1/4) of all revenue from television.[99] Flamengo has the biggest budget, (R$115.1 million), and Figueirense the smallest (R$18.5 million).[100]

In Japan, Abema broadcast the all compeleted 380 matches via partnership with OneFootball starts 2023 season.

Match ball

[edit]

Since 1999 the Brazilian league's official ball has been manufactured by Nike, Before this exclusive supply of balls, some brands like Umbro and Topper had supplied balls for the championship. The most recent ball is called CBF Nike Brasil Flight 2023, Being based on Nike Flight ball's model of the 2023 season

2019 Nike Merlin CBF

Attendance

[edit]
Main article: Campeonato Brasileiro Série A attendance

The audience of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A is low if put into consideration the popularity of football in the country. Since the first data record, in 1967, each year the average attendance has fluctuated, more down than up, having the season of 1983 as the largest, averaging 22,953, and 2004 as the smallest, with a very low average of 7,556.[101] The league is the second largest in attendance in South America, behind Argentina, with 18,817.

In comparison to other football league attendance, the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A figure only in fourteenth position, being overcome by the lower divisions in England and Germany. The smallest attendance ever was a game between Juventude and Portuguesa in 1997 with 55 fans, the largest was Flamengo and Santos in 1983 with 155,523.[102]

The attendance of 2014 season was 16,337 with average occupation of 40%.[103] In this same year, the average price of the ticket was $12.82, taking the games with an average income of $204,799.[104]

The spectator figures for the league since 2009:

Season Overall Average Best supported club Average Highest attendance
2009 6,764,380 17,801 Flamengo 41,553[105] 78,639 (Flamengo 2–1 Grêmio)
2010 5,638,806 14,839 Corinthians 27,446 76,205 (Vasco da Gama 2–2 Fluminense)
2011 5,572,673 14,664 29,328 63,871 (São Paulo 1–2 Flamengo)
2012 4,928,827 13,148 25,222 62,207 (São Paulo 2–1 Náutico)
2013 5,681,551 14,951 Cruzeiro 28,911 63,501 (Santos 0–0 Flamengo)
2014 6,208,190 16,337 29,678 58,627 (São Paulo 2–0 Cruzeiro)
2015 6,376,693 17,050 Corinthians 34,150 67,011 (Flamengo 0–2 Coritiba)
2016 5,975,926 15,809 Palmeiras 32,684 54,996 (São Paulo 2–2 Chapecoense)
2017 6,238,797 16,418 Corinthians 40,043 50,116 (Grêmio 0–1 Corinthians)
2018 7,584,444 19,959 Flamengo 50,965 62,994 (Flamengo 1–2 Athletico Paranaense)
2019 8,067,663 21,230 55,025 65,649 (Flamengo 1–0 CSA)

Players

[edit]
Main article: Campeonato Brasileiro Série A top scorers

Player records

[edit]

Notes:

  • All players are Brazilian unless otherwise noted,
  • Italics denotes players still playing professional football, and bold denotes players still playing in the Brazilian Série A.[109]
  • Sources: Placar magazine - Guia do Brasileirão 2010[110] and GloboEsporte.com Website.[111]

Assists per season

[edit]

Awards and trophies

[edit]

Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão is the league's official award. Placar magazine's Bola de Ouro is the oldest award, while the Troféu Osmar Santos and the Troféu João Saldanha are awards given by the newspaper Lance!.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The official name was Copa Brasil (Brazil Cup), but it became known as Copa União (Union Cup).

References

[edit]
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