Jump to content

Bay Ridge, Brooklyn

Coordinates: 40°37′53″N 74°1′40″W / 40.63139°N 74.02778°W / 40.63139; -74.02778
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Bay Ridge, NY)
"Bay Ridge" redirects here. For the unincorporated community in Northampton County, Virginia, see Bay Ridge, Virginia.

Bay Ridge
Neighborhood of Brooklyn
Map
Location in New York City
Coordinates: 40°37′53″N 74°1′40″W / 40.63139°N 74.02778°W / 40.63139; -74.02778
Country United States
State New York
CityNew York City
BoroughBrooklyn
Community DistrictBrooklyn 10[1]
Government
 • CongressDan Goldman (10th)
Nicole Malliotakis (11th)
Area
[2]
 • Total2.12 sq mi (5.49 km2)
 • Land2.12 sq mi (5.49 km2)
 • Water0 sq mi (0 km2)
Population
 (2010)[3]
 • Total79,371
 • Density37,000/sq mi (14,000/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
11209, 11220
Area code718, 347, 929, and 917

Bay Ridge is a neighborhood in the southwest corner of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is bounded by Sunset Park to the north, Dyker Heights to the east, the Narrows and the Belt Parkway to the west, and Fort Hamilton Army Base and the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge to the south. The section of Bay Ridge south of 86th Street is sometimes considered part of a sub-neighborhood called Fort Hamilton.

Bay Ridge was formerly the westernmost portion of the town of New Utrecht, comprising two smaller villages: Yellow Hook to the north and Fort Hamilton to the south. Yellow Hook was named for the color of the soil and was renamed Bay Ridge in December 1853 to avoid negative connotations with yellow fever at the time; the name Bay Ridge was chosen based on the local geography.[4] Bay Ridge became developed as a rural summer resort during the mid-19th century. The arrival of the New York City Subway's Fourth Avenue Line (present-day R train) in 1916 led to its development as a residential neighborhood. Bay Ridge is known for its Norwegian community but it also has small Irish, Italian, Arab and Greek communities.

Bay Ridge is part of Brooklyn Community District 10, and its primary ZIP Codes are 11209 and 11220.[1] It is patrolled by the 68th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.[5] Politically, it is represented by the New York City Council's 43rd District.[6]

History

[edit]

Early settlements

[edit]
The Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd in Bay Ridge, as viewed from across a street
Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, Bay Ridge

South Brooklyn was originally settled by the Canarsee Indians, one of several indigenous Lenape peoples who farmed and hunted on the land. The Canarsee Indians had several routes that crossed Brooklyn, including a path from Fulton Ferry along the East River that extended southward to Gowanus Creek, Sunset Park, and Bay Ridge.[7]: 9 [8] The Canarsee traded with other indigenous peoples, and by the early 17th century, also with Dutch and English settlers.[7]: 9 

The first European settlement at Bay Ridge occurred in 1636 when Willem Adriaenszen Bennett and Jacques Bentyn purchased 936 acres (379 ha) between 28th and 60th Streets, in what is now Sunset Park.[9][10][a] However, after the land was purchased in the 1640s by Dutch settlers who laid out their farms along the waterfront, the Canarsee were soon displaced, and had left Brooklyn by the 18th century.[7]: 9  Present-day Bay Ridge was the westernmost portion of New Utrecht, founded in 1657 by the Dutch.[11]: 8 [12] The area consisted of two sister villages: Yellow Hook to the north, named for the color of the soil, with "Hook" from the Dutch hoek, meaning "corner"[13] and Fort Hamilton to the south, named for the military installation at its center.[9][11]: 4 

Yellow Hook was mostly farmland until the late 1840s. In 1848, Third Avenue within the area was widened. Two years later, a group of artists moved to the area and founded a colony called Ovington Village, named after the family who owned the farmland in the area.[14]: 1 [15] Around 1853, Yellow Hook changed the community's name to avoid association with yellow fever.[16][17] "Bay Ridge" was suggested by local horticulturist James Weir after the area's most prominent geographic features: the high ridge that offered views of New York Bay.[18][19] The natural beauty attracted the wealthy, who built country homes along Shore Road, overlooking the water.[20]

The first settlers referred to Fort Hamilton as the "Nyack Tract", after the Native American tribe that lived there.[9] Fort Hamilton began to develop in the 1830s as a resort destination when the corresponding military fortification was created. The mostly-immigrant laborers in the area started to create a community to the fort's north and west, which included stores, houses, churches, and a school. The community was linked by stagecoach to New Utrecht, Gowanus, and downtown Brooklyn, as well as by ferry to Staten Island and Manhattan.[21]: 2 [22]

"Bay Ridge", a black and white image by George Bradford Brainerd, created circa 1872 to 1887. The photograph is in the Brooklyn Museum's collection.
George Bradford Brainerd, Bay Ridge, c. 1872 – c. 1887 Brooklyn Museum

In the mid-19th century, a large number of country houses were built in Bay Ridge, especially along Shore Road, which faced the New York Harbor to the west.[9] The advent of the telephone allowed estate owners to communicate with their businesses in Manhattan while enjoying their stays at the elegant estates of Bay Ridge.[11]: 8 [23]: 5  Through this period Greek Revival, Italianate, and Gothic Revival villas were built on Shore Road; many of these villas were constructed by the descendants of the area's original settlers.[11]: 8 [21]: 2  Development in Bay Ridge continued through the 1890s.[24] One of the most prominent organizations in Bay Ridge was the Crescent Athletic Club, a football club built in 1884, which contained a summer clubhouse, boathouse, and playing fields.[11]: 8 [14]: 2  By the late 19th century, it was anticipated that a series of parkways would be built across Brooklyn, connecting Bay Ridge to Eastern Parkway, Ocean Parkway, and Prospect Park. As such, several wide, tree-lined streets were laid through the neighborhood, including 75th Street (now Bay Ridge Parkway); Fort Hamilton Parkway; and Shore Road.[25][b]

Rapid development and subway construction

[edit]

Until the late 19th century, Bay Ridge would remain a relatively isolated rural area,[21]: 4  reached primarily by stagecoaches, then by steam trolleys after 1878.[23]: 15  In 1892, the first electric trolley line was built in Brooklyn, starting at a ferry terminal at 39th Street and running via Second Avenue to 65th Street, and then via Third Avenue. The Fifth Avenue Elevated was then extended to Third Avenue and 65th Street.[23]: 19 [26] This had the effect of raising land prices: one entity, the Bay Ridge Improvement Company, was able to buy land for $1,000 per acre ($2,500/ha) in 1890, and then sell land off for $1,000 per lot several years later.[23]: 19 

Real estate speculation commenced at the beginning of the 20th century.[27] A building boom in South Brooklyn started in about 1902 and 1903, and thousands of people started coming to the area from Manhattan and from other places.[26] The first definite plans for a Fourth Avenue subway (today's R train) were proposed by Rapid Transit Commission engineer William Barclay Parsons in 1903,[28] and two years later, a citizens' committee was created to aid the creation of the subway line.[29] The announcement of the subway line resulted in the immediate development of row houses in Bay Ridge.[28][30] In 1905 and 1906 realty values increased by about 100 percent, and land values increased due to the promise of improved transportation access.[26] Such was the rate of development, houses were being sold before they were even completed, and land prices could rise significantly just within several hours.[11]: 11 

The subway itself faced delays. In 1905, the Rapid Transit Commission adopted the Fourth Avenue route to Fort Hamilton; following approval by the Board of Estimate and mayor of New York City, the route was approved by the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court.[31][32][33] Bids for construction and operation were let,[31][32] but in 1907, the Rapid Transit Commission was succeeded by the Public Service Commission (PSC).[29] For much of 1908, there were legal disagreements about whether the project could be funded while remaining within the city's debt limit.[11]: 12  The PSC voted unanimously for the Fourth Avenue subway line in March 1908,[29][31] but the Board of Estimate did not approve contracts for the line until October 1909. By then, a non-partisan political body, with the backing of 25,000 South Brooklyn residents, was created that would only support candidates in the municipal election that pledged support for the Fourth Avenue subway.[31][34][35] Groundbreaking for the first section of the subway, between DeKalb Avenue and 43rd Street took place in 1909.[36] Not long after the contracts were awarded, the PSC started negotiating with the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company in the execution of the Dual Contracts, which were signed in 1913.[31] During the Dual System negotiations, the construction of an extension of the Fourth Avenue subway was recommended as part of the Dual System, which was approved in 1912.[31] Construction began on the sections between 61st–89th Streets and between 43rd–61st Streets in 1913, and was completed two years later.[33]

The platform at the Bay Ridge–95th Street station, which opened in 1925 as the terminal of the Fourth Avenue subway line
The Bay Ridge–95th Street terminal station of the BMT Fourth Avenue Line was opened in 1925.

The line opened to 59th Street on June 21, 1915,[37] and was extended to 86th Street on January 15, 1916, at which time development started to accelerate.[38] At the time, Bay Ridge extended northward to what is now present-day Sunset Park.[39] Industrial developments were constructed along the waterfront north of present-day 65th Street, such as Bush Terminal (now Industry City), and those were considered to be within Bay Ridge.[40] By the 1920s, the number of apartment buildings had increased fivefold, replacing old farms, homesteads and houses.[41]: 17 [42] Schools, churches, stores, movie theaters, and other structures were also created to serve the growing population.[23]: 23  The Fourth Avenue subway was extended further to Bay Ridge–95th Street in 1925,[43][44] by which point Bay Ridge's population had more than doubled since 1900.[41]: 17  By World War II, almost all of these large houses had been replaced with apartment buildings.[20]

In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many Norwegian and Danish sailors emigrated to Brooklyn, including Bay Ridge and neighboring Sunset Park; Lapskaus Boulevard, referring to the salted Norwegian beef stew, is the nickname of Eighth Avenue in this area.[45]

Staten Island connection and later years

[edit]
The Verrazzano Bridge on a foggy day, as seen from Shore Road Park and Parkway
The Verrazzano Bridge on a foggy day

There had been plans to build the Staten Island Tunnel, a railroad or subway tunnel, from Bay Ridge to Staten Island as early as 1890.[46] By the 1910s, there were two proposals to build a tunnel splitting from the Fourth Avenue subway in Bay Ridge, either at Fort Hamilton or at between 65th and 67th Streets.[47] The plan for the tunnel from 65th-67th Streets was ultimately selected[48] and work started in 1923, though the project was halted two years later.[49] In 1927, two years after the cancellation of the Staten Island Tunnel, engineer David B. Steinman brought up the possibility of constructing a vehicular bridge, the "Liberty Bridge", across the Narrows.[50]: 135 [51] The tunnel proposal was also revived with the announcement of the Liberty Bridge, and proposals for vehicular and rail tunnels were both considered.[52][53] The bridge was disapproved by the United States Department of War in 1934,[54] and plans for a bridge were revived in 1936.[55] By the time the bridge was approved by the city's Board of Estimate in 1943, residents of Bay Ridge had turned against it, citing a detrimental impact to the neighborhood's character.[56]

Robert Moses, the chairman of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), announced the revival of plans for what would become the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge in 1947.[57] U.S. Representative Donald Lawrence O'Toole, whose constituency included Bay Ridge, opposed the proposal for the bridge in part because he believed it would damage the character of Bay Ridge.[58][59] The U.S. military approved the proposal anyway,[60][61] and in 1957, Moses proposed expanding Brooklyn's Gowanus Expressway and extending it to the Narrows Bridge by way of Seventh Avenue, which would require cutting through the middle of Bay Ridge. This proposal drew opposition from the community, who wanted the approach to follow the Belt Parkway along the Brooklyn shore.[62] After holding a hearing for concerned Bay Ridge residents, the Board of Estimate affirmed the Narrows Bridge plan in October 1958,[63] though this angered Bay Ridge residents since the construction of the approach would displace 7,500 people.[64] Also destroyed was Fort Lafayette, part of New York City's defense system along with Fort Hamilton and Fort Wadsworth in Staten Island; it was replaced by the base of the bridge's east tower.[65][66] The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge opened in 1964.[67]

The 2007 Brooklyn tornado hit this area, specifically 68th Street and Bay Ridge Avenue between Third and Fourth Avenues.[68] Eleven houses had to be vacated after they suffered significant damage, and many of the trees on the two blocks toppled, landing on cars and stoops. The 4th Avenue Presbyterian Church had its very large stained glass window blown out.[69] As the tornado lifted, it peeled the roof of a nearby Nissan dealership and deforested 40% of Leif Ericson Park. The tornado has been rated EF2 on the Enhanced Fujita scale, with winds between 111 and 135 MPH.[70]

Demographics

[edit]

Based on data from the 2020 United States Census, the population of Bay Ridge was 111,952, an increase of 32,581 from the 79,371 counted in the 2010 Census, representing an increase of (41.04%) and an increase of 31,413 (39%) from the 80,539 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,571.96 acres (636.15 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 50.5 inhabitants per acre (32,300/sq mi; 12,500/km2).[3]

As of the 2010 US Census, the racial makeup of the neighborhood was 60.1% White (55,976), 19.9% Hispanic (25,413), 15.4% (23,509) Asian, 2.3% Black (2,015), 1.9% (3,358) from two or more races, and 0.5% (335) as other races.[71]

The entirety of Community Board 10 had 142,075 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 83.1 years.[72]: 2, 20  This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[73]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [74] The median age is 38, while 20% are between the ages of 0–17, 34% between 25 and 44, and 25% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 7% and 15% respectively.[72]: 2 

As of 2020, the median household income was $105,177.[75] In 2018, an estimated 19% of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in twelve residents (8%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 49% in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, slightly lower than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights are considered to be high-income neighborhoods relative to the rest of the city.[72]: 7 

According to the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning, Bay Ridge had 40,000 or more White residents, while its Asian and Hispanic populations each had between 10,000 and 19,999 residents.[76][77]

Climate

[edit]

Bay Ridge, Brooklyn falls under different climate types depending on the climate classification system used. However, the Köppen climate classification system is the most widely used climate classification scheme.

Bay Ridge, Brooklyn Climate according to major climate systems
Climatic scheme Initials Description
Köppen system[citation needed] Cfa humid subtropical climate
Trewartha system[78] Do Temperate oceanic climate
Alisov system[79] — Temperate climate[c]
Strahler system[80] — Moist continental climate
Thornthwaite system[81]
C2 B'1
 Moist subhumid
Neef system[82] — Temperate climate
Bay Ridge, Brooklyn
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
0
 
 
37
31
 
 
0
 
 
40
33
 
 
0
 
 
48
39
 
 
0
 
 
60
49
 
 
0
 
 
70
59
 
 
0
 
 
78
68
 
 
0
 
 
84
75
 
 
0
 
 
82
72
 
 
0
 
 
76
66
 
 
0
 
 
64
55
 
 
0
 
 
52
45
 
 
0
 
 
43
38
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Metric conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
0
 
 
3
−1
 
 
0
 
 
5
1
 
 
0
 
 
9
4
 
 
0
 
 
15
9
 
 
0
 
 
21
15
 
 
0
 
 
26
20
 
 
0
 
 
29
24
 
 
0
 
 
28
22
 
 
0
 
 
24
19
 
 
0
 
 
18
13
 
 
0
 
 
11
7
 
 
0
 
 
6
3
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Climate data for Bay Ridge, 2010-2022 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 68
(20) 		77
(25) 		81
(27) 		90
(32) 		92
(33) 		96
(36) 		102
(39) 		95
(35) 		96
(36) 		92
(33) 		75
(24) 		71
(22) 		102
(39)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 57.0
(13.9) 		59.7
(15.4) 		69.2
(20.7) 		80.0
(26.7) 		88.3
(31.3) 		90.2
(32.3) 		94.5
(34.7) 		91.5
(33.1) 		89.8
(32.1) 		79.6
(26.4) 		69.2
(20.7) 		61.3
(16.3) 		95.4
(35.2)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 37.2
(2.9) 		40.2
(4.6) 		48.3
(9.1) 		59.5
(15.3) 		69.7
(20.9) 		77.9
(25.5) 		84.0
(28.9) 		82.1
(27.8) 		75.9
(24.4) 		64.1
(17.8) 		52.1
(11.2) 		43.2
(6.2) 		61.2
(16.2)
Daily mean °F (°C) 34.1
(1.2) 		36.6
(2.6) 		43.7
(6.5) 		54.3
(12.4) 		64.6
(18.1) 		73.2
(22.9) 		79.4
(26.3) 		77.3
(25.2) 		71.0
(21.7) 		59.8
(15.4) 		48.7
(9.3) 		40.6
(4.8) 		56.9
(13.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 31.0
(−0.6) 		33.0
(0.6) 		39.1
(3.9) 		49.0
(9.4) 		59.4
(15.2) 		68.4
(20.2) 		74.7
(23.7) 		72.4
(22.4) 		66.1
(18.9) 		55.4
(13.0) 		45.3
(7.4) 		38.0
(3.3) 		52.7
(11.5)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 10.5
(−11.9) 		14.3
(−9.8) 		22.5
(−5.3) 		34.5
(1.4) 		46.2
(7.9) 		55.8
(13.2) 		65.1
(18.4) 		63.5
(17.5) 		53.7
(12.1) 		40.2
(4.6) 		28.9
(−1.7) 		22.4
(−5.3) 		8.6
(−13.0)
Record low °F (°C) 3
(−16) 		−1
(−18) 		14
(−10) 		27
(−3) 		35
(2) 		51
(11) 		61
(16) 		61
(16) 		49
(9) 		33
(1) 		16
(−9) 		13
(−11) 		−1
(−18)
[citation needed]

See or edit raw graph data.

Community

[edit]
Bay Ridge's Norwegian heritage is represented in the Valhalla Courts.
A sign including Arabic on 79th street in Bay Ridge

Bay Ridge is well known for its Norwegian community. By 1971, the 55,000-strong Norwegian community of Bay Ridge boasted that it was the fourth-largest Norwegian "city" in the world.[83] Residents also compared Eighth Avenue's string of Norwegian businesses to Oslo's Karl Johans gate.[83] The community continues to host the annual Norwegian Constitution Day Parade, also known as the Syttende Mai Parade, in which hundreds of people in folk dress proceed down Third Avenue. The celebration ends in Leif Ericson Park, where "Miss Norway" is crowned near the statue of Leif Ericson. The statue was donated by Crown Prince Olav, Prince of Norway, on behalf of the nation of Norway in 1939.[84][85] Nordic Delicacies, a Norwegian gifts-and-groceries store, operated until 2015.[86]

As of 2023, Bay Ridge still maintains a sizable Norwegian population at around 30,000 individuals. Later in the 20th century, like other areas in southern and southwestern Brooklyn, there was an increase in the number of Irish, Italian, Greek, Russian, Polish, Jordanians, Lebanese, Syrian, Egyptian and to a lesser extent Chinese, people living in Bay Ridge. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Middle Eastern, North African, and Arab Americans moved to Bay Ridge, with The New York Times referring to it as "the heart of Brooklyn's Arab community".[87] The neighborhood also has many Muslim residents, particularly in its northern area bordering the Sunset Park neighborhood. Bay Ridge is one of the largest Arab-American communities in the United States,[88] and the largest in New York City.

In addition to the large Norwegian, Irish, Italian, and Arab American communities, there are sizable numbers of Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and—to a lesser extent—Central Americans and Dominicans in Bay Ridge.

Bay Ridge has many ethnic restaurants, especially along Third and Fifth Avenues, its main commercial strips.[89][90] Sentiments against residents and workers of Asian descent rose in 2020.[91]

Bay Ridge has a large elderly population. It has been called a naturally occurring retirement community (NORC) as many of its families have grown up in the neighborhood while their children moved away. In 2006, it was reported that 20% of the population of Bay Ridge was 60 years of age or more.[92]

News

[edit]

Local newspapers include The Home Reporter, Sunset News, The Bay Ridge Courier, and Bay Ridge News. The neighborhood is also often covered by The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. These newspapers publish other local offshoots: The Home Reporter also publishes The Spectator; the Courier's parent company also publishes The Brooklyn Paper; and the Eagle publishes a weekly digest called Bay Ridge Life.

Development

[edit]

In the 1990s and 2000s, many decades-old two-family houses were demolished and replaced by condominiums known colloquially as "Fedder Homes", after the branded air conditioners poking out from the buildings' facades. In 2005, local community leaders and community activists from across the political spectrum united to issue rezoning laws.[93] The six-story apartment complexes lining Shore Road are among the tallest buildings in the neighborhood.[94]

Landmarks

[edit]

Points of interest

[edit]
69th Street Pier in 2008
The park strip between the shore road and Narrows
  • 8200 Narrows Avenue House, (commonly referred to as the "Gingerbread House"), designed by James Sarsfield Kennedy in 1917, is a city landmark.[14]
  • American Veterans Memorial Pier (commonly referred to as the 69th Street Pier) at Bay Ridge Avenue and Shore Road is the community's key seaside recreation spot. Sports fishermen travel to fish the waters of "The Bay Ridge Anchorage" and along the seawall promenade that runs south from the pier to the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge and east along Gravesend Bay. The pier features a sculpture that emits a beam of light as a memorial to those who died in the September 11 terrorist attacks. Commuter ferry service operated between this pier and the St. George Ferry Terminal in Staten Island from 1912 until 1964, the year the Verrazzano Bridge opened.[95] Ferry service to Wall Street and points along the western coast of Brooklyn began in 2017 from the pier as part of NYC Ferry's South Brooklyn route.[96]
  • Bennet-Farrell-Feldman House, located at 119 95th Street,[97] was built in 1847 and is now an official city landmark.[21] An accompanying structure, thought to have been used as a barn, couldn't be saved and was demolished. Legend has it the house was turned so that its "widow's walk", a balcony that traditionally faces the sea so women left at home could watch for their husbands' ships, would no longer face the Narrows.[98]
  • Doctors' Row, a series of houses along Bay Ridge Pkwy between Fourth and Fifth Avenues (see § Doctors' Row)[11]
  • Fort Hamilton, an active military base near the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (see § Fort Hamilton Army Base)
  • The Houses at 216–264 Ovington Ave. were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.[99]
  • Owl's Head Park (also known as Bliss Park), in the neighborhood's northwest corner, was previously the private estate of the Bliss Family, for whom nearby Bliss Terrace is named. They sold what remained of the estate to the city in 1928 for $850,000, after Eliphalet Williams Bliss specified in his will 25 years earlier that he wanted the city to buy the land and convert it into parkland. Before them, a portion of the property was owned by Henry C. Murphy, a former Mayor of Brooklyn, ambassador, congressman and New York State Senator for whom the nearby Senator Street is named. Remnants of the estate—mansion, stable, observation tower—were still visible into the 1930s and 40s, when they were finally demolished, having been left to fall into disrepair.[100] It is a 24-acre (97,000 m2) walking park[101] that has a state of the art skate park, dog run, children's playground and basketball courts; it has the first concrete skatepark built in Brooklyn.[102]
  • The Senator Street Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.[99]
  • Shore Road Park New York Road Runners hosts a weekly 3-mile (4.8 km) open run.[103]
  • Step streets are public staircases in the middle of a street. As a rule they were placed on hills that were too steep to build a road for cars but still allow access to pedestrians.[104]
  • St. John's Episcopal Church[105] was where Robert E. Lee served as a vestryman and where his future "right hand", Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, was baptized.[106] The building no longer hosts services.[107]


Fort Hamilton Army Base

[edit]

Historic Fort Hamilton Army Base is located in the southwestern corner of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, with gates in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, and is one of several posts that are part of the region which is headquartered by the Military District of Washington. Its mission is to provide the New York metropolitan area with military installation support for the Army National Guard and the United States Army Reserve. The base is considered to be part of Bay Ridge. The children stationed at the base are zoned into Bay Ridge schools.

Fort Hamilton houses one of the neighborhood's few cultural attractions, the Harbor Defense Museum.[108]

Doctors' Row

[edit]

Doctors' Row is a series of rowhouses located on Bay Ridge Parkway between 4th and 5th Avenues, built in the 1900s and 1910s prior to the opening of the Fourth Avenue subway line. The 54 houses that comprise Doctors' Row, include elements of the Renaissance Revival architectural style, with some elements in the Colonial Revival style.[11]: 7  In 2019 the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission made Doctors' Row an official city-designated historic district, making it the first such district in the neighborhood.[109]

Police and crime

[edit]

The NYPD's 68th Precinct is located at 333 65th Street.[5] The 68th Precinct ranked 7th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[110] As of 2018, with a non-fatal assault rate of 23 per 100,000 people, Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights' rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 168 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[72]: 8 

The 68th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 88.6% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 2 murders, 16 rapes, 59 robberies, 129 felony assaults, 96 burglaries, 387 grand larcenies, and 86 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[111]

Fire safety

[edit]

The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) contains two fire stations in Bay Ridge.[112] Engine Co. 241/Ladder Co. 109 is located at 6630 3rd Avenue.[113] Engine Co. 242, serving primarily Fort Hamilton, is located at 9219 5th Avenue.[114]

Health

[edit]

As of 2018, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights than in other places citywide. In Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, there were 71 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 11.4 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[72]: 11  Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights has a high population of residents who are uninsured, or who receive healthcare through Medicaid.[115] In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 15%, which is higher than the citywide rate of 12%.[72]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights is 0.0074 milligrams per cubic metre (7.4×10−9 oz/cu ft), lower than the citywide and boroughwide averages.[72]: 9  Twelve percent of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights residents are smokers, which is lower the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[72]: 13  In Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, 28% of residents are obese, 15% are diabetic, and 31% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[72]: 16  In addition, 16% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[72]: 12 

Ninety-two percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is slightly higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 74% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%.[72]: 13  For every supermarket in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, there are 20 bodegas.[72]: 10 

The Bay Ridge/Dyker Heights/Bensonhurst area does not have any hospitals after the Victory Memorial Hospital was closed and converted to a nursing home by Joel Landau in 2010 (now known as the Hamilton Park Nursing and Rehabilitation Center).[116] However, the Coney Island Hospital, NYU Langone Hospital – Brooklyn, and Maimonides Medical Center are located in nearby neighborhoods.[115]: 19–20  Additionally, the BRAVO Volunteer Ambulance is run by the Bay Ridge Ambulance Volunteer Organization.[117]

Post offices and ZIP Codes

[edit]

Bay Ridge is covered mostly by ZIP Code 11209, though the small portion north of 65th Street is covered by ZIP Code 11220.[118] The United States Post Office operates the Ovington Station at 6803 4th Avenue[119] and the Fort Hamilton Station at 8801 5th Avenue.[120]

Politics

[edit]

For many years, Bay Ridge has been a relatively conservative enclave of Brooklyn.[121] Mike Long, who served as chairman of the Conservative Party of New York from 1988 to 2019, owned a liquor store and resided in the district. The community is also considered a Republican stronghold. An exception was Democrat Sal Albanese, who was elected to the neighborhood's City Council seat in 1983, defeating the 21-year incumbent Republican-Conservative Minority Leader Angelo G. Arculeo, and went on to represent the district for 15 years. After the 1990 census, the area was split into two Assembly districts to eliminate a Republican Assembly Seat. The political landscape began to change with population shifts over the 1990s and early 2000s, when the multigenerational white ethnic population began to die or move from the area.

The community supported the Democratic Party during many presidential elections.[122][123] In the 2010s, the neighborhood increasingly supported Democrats, such as City Councilmember Justin Brannan (elected in 2017).[124][125] and state senator Andrew Gounardes (elected in 2018, defeating longtime Republican Marty Golden).[126]

The neighborhood is part of New York's 11th congressional district, represented by Republican Nicole Malliotakis as of 2021.[127] It is also part of the 26th State Senate district, represented by Gounardes,[128] and the 46th, 51st and 64th State Assembly districts, represented respectively by Republican Alec Brook-Krasny, Democrat Marcela Mitaynes and Republican Michael Tannousis.[129]

Education

[edit]
Breaking ground on Bay Ridge High School, 1914
High School of Telecommunications

Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights have a ratio of college-educated residents similar to the rest of the city's as of 2018. Forty-six percent of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 19% have less than a high school education, and 35% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 40% of Brooklynites and 38% of city residents have a college education or higher.[72]: 6  The percentage of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights students excelling in reading and math has been increasing, with reading achievement rising from 51 percent in 2000 to 52 percent in 2011, and math achievement rising from 49 percent to 71 percent within the same time period.[130]

Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights' rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City's. In Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, 8% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, compared to the citywide average of 20% of students.[72]: 6 [73]: 24 (PDF p. 55)  Additionally, 82% of high school students in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights graduate on time, higher than the citywide average of 75% of students.[72]: 6 

Primary and secondary schools

[edit]

The New York City Department of Education operates area public schools. Educational institutions in Bay Ridge include PS 102,[131] PS 170, PS 127, PS 185[132] (Walter Kassenbrock Elementary School), PS 104[133] (called the Fort Hamilton School), PS 264[134] (Bay Ridge Elementary School for the Arts), Lutheran Elementary School, Bay Ridge Catholic Academy (formerly St. Anselm's Roman Catholic School), PS/IS 30[135] (also known as Mary White Ovington), PS 413 Joanne Seminara School of Law and Medicine,[136] IS 259 (also known as William McKinley Junior High School), Fort Hamilton High School, and High School of Telecommunications (originally all-girls Bay Ridge High School).

There are also parochial or private schools in Bay Ridge. These include Angels Catholic Academy,[137] Bay Ridge Preparatory School,[138] Poly Prep Country Day School, Visitation Academy, Adelphi Academy, Fontbonne Hall Academy, St. Patrick Elementary School, D., G. Kaloidis Parochial School,[139] and Xaverian High School. Fort Hamilton High School, between 83rd and 85th streets, was erected in the 1940s on the grounds of the Crescent Athletic Club, a country club.

Libraries

[edit]

Brooklyn Public Library (BPL) operates two public libraries in the neighborhood. The Bay Ridge Library is the larger of the two, and is located at 7223 Ridge Boulevard at 73rd Street. The Bay Ridge Reading Club first organized the library in 1880. It opened on its present site in 1896 and became a BPL branch in 1901. The current two-story facility opened in 1960. In 2004 it received a $2.1 million renovation, including new furniture and shelving, new lighting equipment, a new roof, and 27 additional public access computers.[140]

The Fort Hamilton Library, located at 9424 Fourth Avenue between 94th and 95th Streets, was built as a Carnegie library in 1906. The current branch's predecessor became a part of the BPL system in 1901 and moved to its current location in 1905. Since then it has gone through numerous renovations. The most recent renovation was completed in March 2011.[141]

Transportation

[edit]

The area is served by the R train on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway between Bay Ridge Avenue and 95th Street.[142]

Additionally, there are MTA express bus routes X27, X37 which mainly serve for the commute to Manhattan, but also run during off-peak hours on weekdays. The X27 also runs on weekends. The routes X28, X38 also serve the eastern part of Bay Ridge. Many Bay Ridge commuters opt for the relative comfort and convenience of the express bus, even though it costs more than the subway. Bay Ridge is readily accessible by car, encircled by the Belt Parkway and Gowanus Expressway. Local bus routes include B1, B4, B8, B9, B16, B37, B63, B64, B70, S53, S79 SBS, S93.[143]

The freight-only Bay Ridge Branch connects car floats to the Long Island Rail Road.

In June 2017, Bay Ridge became the terminus of NYC Ferry's South Brooklyn route.[144][145][146]

Notable people

[edit]
[edit]

Books

[edit]

Films

[edit]

Television shows

[edit]
  • NYPD Commissioner Frank Reagan (Tom Selleck) on CBS-TV's Blue Bloods lives in Bay Ridge; his home at 8070 Harbor View Terrace, near Fort Hamilton High School, is seen in each episode[189]
  • The 2012 reality series Brooklyn 11223 was set in Bay Ridge[190]
  • Peggy Olson, the Norwegian-American copywriter on AMC's Mad Men, is from Bay Ridge.[191] In the second episode of Season One, she declared, "I'm from Bay Ridge. We have manners."

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Until the 1960s, present-day Sunset Park was considered part of Bay Ridge.[7]: 9 
  2. ^ The name "Bay Ridge Parkway" was originally used to refer to a route that ran on 67th Street and then Shore Road. It currently refers to the street located between 74th and 76th Streets.[25]
  3. ^ Mid-latitude temperate maritime climate

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  2. ^ Census Shapefile for 2014 Zip Code Tabulation Areas Archived March 29, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Area of 11209 Zip Code Tabulation Area
  3. ^ a b Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Archived June 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  4. ^ "F.Y.I." Archived February 24, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, December 17, 1995. Accessed February 23, 2022. "More than a century ago, the area now known as Bay Ridge was called Yellow Hook, according to documents from the Bay Ridge Historical Society. The name referred to the yellow sand and clay in the soil. But yellow fever swept through the area in 1848-49, and the name Yellow Hook suddenly lost its charm.... So in December 1853, many of the large landowners from the area met to change the name. A florist named James Weir put forth the name Bay Ridge as one that suggested the 'geographic nature' of the land."
  5. ^ a b "NYPD – 68th Precinct". www.nyc.gov. Archived from the original on June 5, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  6. ^ Current City Council Districts for Kings County Archived January 31, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New York City. Accessed May 5, 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d "Sunset Park South Historic District" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. June 18, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  8. ^ Bolton, Reginald P. (2018). Indian Paths in the Great Metropolis. Creative Media Partners, LLC. pp. 129–146. ISBN 978-0-343-11305-6. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d "Beautiful Bay Ridge Still Show Place of Brooklyn". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 30, 1940. p. 9. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com Open access icon.
  10. ^ Henry (August 10, 2015). "The Rarely Told Story of the Real Bay Ridge Natives". Hey Ridge. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Bay Ridge Parkway – Doctors' Row Historic District" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. June 25, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  12. ^ "Whatever happened to Yellow Hook, Brooklyn?". Ephemeral New York. July 16, 2010. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  13. ^ Hughes, C. J. (March 6, 2020). "The Neighborhood Name Game". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  14. ^ a b c "Howard E. and Jessie Jones House" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. March 8, 1988. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  15. ^ Stewart, Henry (November 6, 2014). "The First Gentrifiers". BKLYNR. Archived from the original on November 20, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  16. ^ Theodore W. General (December 12, 2016). "Generally Speaking: Happy Birthday, Bay Ridge!". Brooklyn Reporter. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  17. ^ "Failure to Create Park Along Shore Road Laid To Apathy of Residents". the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. No. September 2, 1931. Archived from the original on October 27, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  18. ^ "Owl's Head Park – Historical Sign". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2007.
  19. ^ Donovan, Aaron (June 10, 2001). "If You're Thinking of Living In Red Hook; Isolated Brooklyn Area Starts to Awaken". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  20. ^ a b Fowler, Brenda (July 26, 1987). "If You're Thinking of Living In Bay Ridge". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 24, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  21. ^ a b c d "Bennet-Farrell-Feldman House" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. August 3, 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  22. ^ "When Bay Ridge Was a Vacation Destination to Rival Coney Island". Hey Ridge. August 2, 2016. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  23. ^ a b c d e Merlis, Brian (2000). Brooklyn's Bay Ridge and Fort Hamilton : a photographic journey, 1870-1970. Brooklyn, NY Lynbrook, NY: Israelowitz Pub. Brooklyn Editions. ISBN 978-1-878741-45-5. OCLC 45112683.
  24. ^ "Brooklyn City's Beautiful Suburbs". The New York Times. March 31, 1895. pp. 20–21. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  25. ^ a b Henry (June 22, 2015). "Bay Ridge's Parks Were Once Envisioned as a Single Super Park". Hey Ridge. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  26. ^ a b c "Future of South Brooklyn And Its Suburbs". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 18, 1906. pp. 35–36. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
  27. ^ "Marked Activity Continues in Local Real Estate Market". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. December 14, 1901. p. 17. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com Open access icon.
  28. ^ a b "Parsons' Great Transit Plan for Brooklyn; New Tunnels, Subways and Elevated Lines". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 12, 1903. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com Open access icon.
  29. ^ a b c "Building of Fourth Ave. Subway Crowns Decade of Civic Struggle". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 21, 1911. p. 10. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  30. ^ "Realty Market Steady Despite Campaign". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 28, 1905. p. 12. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com Open access icon.
  31. ^ a b c d e f Fourth Avenue Subway, Brooklyn's New Transportation Line: A Part of the Dual System of Rapid Transit of the City of New York. Public Service Commission. June 19, 1915. Archived from the original on September 18, 2023. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
  32. ^ a b "Fourth Avenue Subway Is Sent To A Committee". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 20, 1908. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  33. ^ a b Rogoff, David (May 1961). "New York Division ERA Bulletin May 1961". Google Docs. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  34. ^ "Fourth Avenue Subway To Be Political Issue". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. December 11, 1908. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 7, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  35. ^ "Crappy 100th Birthday, R Train! Love, Bay Ridge". www.heyridge.com. January 14, 2016. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  36. ^ "Fourth Ave. Subway Dirt Begins to Fly" (PDF). The New York Times. November 14, 1909. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  37. ^ "Queensboro Tunnel Officially Opened" (PDF). The New York Times. June 23, 1915. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 19, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  38. ^ "Subway Running To Eighty–Sixth Street Starts Building Boom In Bay Ridge". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 15, 1916. Archived from the original on November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ "Brooklyn's Rapid Growth Attracts Many Buyers". The New York Times. May 8, 1904. p. 18. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  40. ^ Gallagher, Frank (May 3, 1908). "South Brooklyn is Port of Future". The New York Times. p. B3. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  41. ^ a b Scarpa, Matthew (2015). Old Bay Ridge & Ovington Village : a history. Charleston, SC: The History Press. ISBN 978-1-62619-681-0. OCLC 898088560.
  42. ^ Hoffman, Jerome (1976). The Bay Ridge Chronicles.
  43. ^ "95th St. Subway Extension Opened At 2 P. M. Today". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 31, 1925. Archived from the original on August 11, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. ^ "Open Subway Line to Fort Hamilton". The New York Times. November 1, 1925. p. 19. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  45. ^ Bernard, Leonardo and Jennifer Weiss (2006). Brooklyn by Name. New York: NYU Press. p. 145.
  46. ^ "To Tunnel The Narrows And Thus Improve New York's Commercial Facilities: Mr. Erastus Wiman's Latest Plan Upon Which He and Others Have Long Been Mediating" (PDF). The New York Times. August 5, 1890. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  47. ^ "DC: A Tunnel from SI to Brooklyn?". Daniel Convissor. Archived from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  48. ^ Young, James C. (May 10, 1925). "Staten Island Waits for Narrows Tunnel" (PDF). The New York Times. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  49. ^ "Staten Island Tube Started by Hylan" (PDF). The New York Times. April 15, 1923. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  50. ^ Rastorfer, Darl (2000). "Chapter 7: The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge". Six Bridges: The Legacy of Othmar H. Ammann. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08047-6. Archived from the original on April 7, 2024. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  51. ^ "ASKS SUBURBAN AID IN REGIONAL PLAN; Committee Urges Cooperation in Furthering Important Public Improvements. WANT COUNTIES TO HELP Transit, Bridges, Skyscrapers and Financing Among the Subjects Discussed". The New York Times. June 7, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  52. ^ "SAYS BRIDGES BOOM REALTY IN RICHMOND; Many Industrial Firms Are Seeking Staten Island Sites, Says Real Estate Operator.NEW SPANS HELP VALUESGreat Commercial Centre in FiveYears Is Predicted--HoldingsSought Near Plaza Site". The New York Times. January 1, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  53. ^ "Tube Projects to be Scanned by Chamber of Commerce Body". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 27, 1931. p. 41. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.
  54. ^ "Private Group Studying Plans for Vehicular and Transit Narrows Tunnel". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 11, 1934. p. 41. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.
  55. ^ "MAYOR WILL URGE NARROWS BRIDGE; Estimate Board Authorizes Reopening of the Project With War Department". The New York Times. April 18, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  56. ^ "Bay Ridge Aroused by Narrows Tube O.K." Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 22, 1943. pp. 1, 2. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.
  57. ^ Pierce, Bert (September 24, 1947). "CITY PLANS TO BUILD SPAN AT NARROWS; Moses Says He Expects Early Approval of Bridge Project by War Department CITY PLANS TO BUILD SPAN AT NARROWS". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  58. ^ "REALTY FRAUD SEEN IN NARROWS BRIDGE; O'Toole Says Proposed Span Would Lead to City's 'Greatest Swindle in History'". The New York Times. 1949. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  59. ^ "O'Toole Urges U.S. Ban Bridge over Narrows". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. July 19, 1948. pp. 1, 3. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.
  60. ^ "Army Approves Narrows Bridge, World's Longest Suspension Span; ARMY BACKS SPAN OVER THE NARROWS". The New York Times. May 25, 1949. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  61. ^ "Bay Ridgeites Battle Army Okay on Span". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 25, 1949. pp. 1, 2. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.
  62. ^ Bennett, Charles G. (June 20, 1957). "SPAN APPROACHES APPROVED BY CITY; Narrows and Throgs Neck Routes Are Advanced by Planning Commission MOSES' PLAN REBUFFED Fourth Ave. Curve Is Deleted in Brooklyn--Alternate Ideas to Be Studied Argue Against Curve Final Action Taken". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  63. ^ "CITY BARS CHANGE IN NARROWS PLAN; Rejects Liberty Bridge or Tunnel as Substitutes -No Action on Approach CITY BARS CHANGE IN NARROWS PLAN". The New York Times. October 21, 1958. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  64. ^ Talese, Gay (January 1, 1959). "BAY RIDGE SEETHES OVER BRIDGE PLAN; Housewife and Dentist Chafe Over Approval by City of Staten Island Span 7,500 TO BE UPROOTED Most in Way of 7th Avenue Approach Uncertain on Where They Will Go". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  65. ^ "The definitive history of the building of the bridge is Gay Talese's The Bridge". Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved February 27, 2007.
  66. ^ Chatfield, James (April 1, 1960). "Fort Hamilton Facelift Is Free To Taxpayer, As TBTA Pays Bill" (PDF). New York World-Telegram. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2018 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  67. ^ Talese, Gay (November 22, 1964). "Verrazano Bridge Opened to Traffic". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  68. ^ "Photos and a story of the aftermath of the Bay Ridge tornado". Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved October 2, 2007.
  69. ^ The Phantom (August 17, 2007). "Bay Ridge Tornado: Fourth Avenue Presbyterian Church". Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  70. ^ Newman, Andy (August 9, 2007). "That Wind That Left Part of Brooklyn Upside Down? It Was a Tornado, All Right". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  71. ^ "Race and Ethnicity in Bay Ridge, New York, New York (Neighborhood)". statisticalatlas.com. Archived from the original on May 20, 2024. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
  72. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights (Including Bay Ridge, Dyker Heights and Fort Hamilton)" (PDF). nyc.gov. NYC Health. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  73. ^ a b "2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
  74. ^ "New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives". New York Post. June 4, 2017. Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  75. ^ "Bay Ridge Demographics". www.point2homes.com. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  76. ^ "Key Population & Housing Characteristics; 2020 Census Results for New York City" (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning. August 2021. pp. 21, 25, 29, 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
  77. ^ "Map: Race and ethnicity across the US". CNN. August 14, 2021. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
  78. ^ "Trewartha maps". kkh.ltrr.arizona.edu. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  79. ^ Cmapm, Kliimavöötmed svg: Urmasderivative work (June 16, 2011), Русский: Климатические пояса Земли по Б. П. Алисову., archived from the original on December 8, 2020, retrieved June 27, 2020
  80. ^ "World Strahler Climate Map". Archived from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  81. ^ Feddema, Johannes J. (January 2005). "A Revised Thornthwaite-Type Global Climate Classification". Physical Geography. 26 (6): 442–466. Bibcode:2005PhGeo..26..442F. doi:10.2747/0272-3646.26.6.442. ISSN 0272-3646. S2CID 128745497.
  82. ^ "Klimaklassifikation". www.spektrum.de (in German). Archived from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  83. ^ a b "Norwegians of Bay Ridge, a Proud and Tight-Knit Community". The New York Times. May 16, 1971. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  84. ^ "Leif Ericson Park & Square (New York City Department of Parks & Recreation)". Archived from the original on September 15, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  85. ^ "17th of May Parade (Norwegian-American 17th May Committee of Greater New York)". Archived from the original on September 21, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  86. ^ Jaeger, Max (January 8, 2015). "Bay Ridge's Nordic Delicacies Set to Close". Brooklyn Paper. Archived from the original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  87. ^ Otterman, Sharon (July 28, 2012). "Times of Celebration, Before and After a Daily Fast". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  88. ^ "A New Resistance in Brooklyn's 'Little Palestine'". October 6, 2017. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  89. ^ Vecchione, Carol (March 28, 1984). "Hart Staying Alive in Brooklyn". UPI. Archived from the original on August 11, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  90. ^ Frank, Dave. "Geology of National Parks". 3dparks.wr.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on December 19, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  91. ^ Vasquez, Chiara (August 10, 2020). "Crime: Southern Brooklyn Electeds Condemn Attacks on Asian-Americans". Kings County Politics.
  92. ^ Mooney, Jake (January 1, 2006). "Counting Graying Heads". The New York Times. p. 6. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  93. ^ "NYC Zoning - Zoning Districts". nyc.gov. Archived from the original on December 7, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  94. ^ Kripke, Pamela Gwyn (April 6, 2016). "Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, a 'Small Town' in a Big City". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
  95. ^ "Before Ferry Service Returns to Bay Ridge, a Look Back at the Neighborhood's Ferry History". Hey Ridge. August 17, 2015. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  96. ^ "Ferry Service Returns to Bay Ridge!". Hey Ridge. June 1, 2017. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  97. ^ "BENNET/FARRELL/FELDMANN HOUSE | Historic Districts Council's Six to Celebrate". Historic Districts Council's Six to Celebrate -. August 12, 2013. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  98. ^ Gray, Christopher (August 17, 1997). "An extensive history of the Farrell House". The New York Times.
  99. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  100. ^ Stewart, Henry (January 22, 2015). "The Forgotten History of the Owl's Head". Bklynr. Archived from the original on January 25, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  101. ^ "Owl's Head Park". NYC Parks Department. Archived from the original on February 12, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  102. ^ "Project of the Month September 2001; Millennium Skate Park Owl's Head Park". Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  103. ^ Staff, NYRR (August 23, 2023). "Shore Road Park=NYRR". Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  104. ^ "Steps". Archived from the original on March 3, 2007. Retrieved February 26, 2007.
  105. ^ "Saint John's Episcopal Church". saintjohns1834.org. Archived from the original on November 20, 2014. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  106. ^ Johnson, Clint (February 2002). In the Footsteps of Stonewall Jackson (Later Printing ed.). John F Blair Pub. pp. 205–211. ISBN 0895872447.
  107. ^ "All the History That Will Be Lost if St. John's is Sold". Hey Ridge. November 23, 2015. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  108. ^ "Harbor Defense Museum of Fort Hamilton". Archived from the original on July 9, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2007.
  109. ^ Spivack, Caroline (June 25, 2019). "Bay Ridge's 'Doctors' Row' becomes neighborhood's first historic district". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  110. ^ "Bay Ridge – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report". www.dnainfo.com. Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  111. ^ "68th Precinct CompStat Report" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  112. ^ "FDNY Firehouse Listing – Location of Firehouses and companies". NYC Open Data; Socrata. New York City Fire Department. September 10, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  113. ^ "Engine Company 241/Ladder Company 109". FDNYtrucks.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  114. ^ "Engine Company 242". FDNYtrucks.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  115. ^ a b New York City Health Provider Partnership Brooklyn Community Needs Assessment: Final Report Archived July 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New York Academy of Medicine (October 3, 2014).
  116. ^ McGoldrick, Meaghan (December 30, 2016). "Possible partnership between Northwell and Maimonides in the works for Bay Ridge". Brooklyn Reporter. Archived from the original on August 25, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
  117. ^ "Bravo Volunteer Ambulance | Brooklyn Bayridge New York". Bravoambulance.org. March 18, 2014. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  118. ^ "Bay Ridge, New York City-Brooklyn, New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY)". United States Zip Code Boundary Map (USA). Archived from the original on August 29, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  119. ^ "USPS Locations: Ovington". Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  120. ^ "USPS Locations: Fort Hamilton". Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  121. ^ Ross Barkan (August 19, 2014). "Bill de Blasio Rarely Visits Republican Strongholds in Brooklyn - Observer". Observer. Retrieved May 20, 2017.
  122. ^ "The City Vote, Precinct by Precinct". Archived from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
  123. ^ "Did your NYC neighborhood vote for Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton?". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
  124. ^ "Justin time: Ridge voters elect Democrat in tight Council race • Brooklyn Daily". Brooklyn Daily. November 10, 2017. Archived from the original on August 7, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  125. ^ "This punk-rocking councilman is energizing Brooklyn Dems". New York Post. November 19, 2018. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
  126. ^ Katinas, Paula (November 20, 2018). "Behind the Numbers: How Gounardes Won State Senate Race". The Brooklyn Home Reporter. Archived from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  127. ^ "U.S. House Election Results 2018". The New York Times. January 28, 2019. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  128. ^ "2022 Senate District Maps: New York City". The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. 2022. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  129. ^ "2024 Assembly District Maps: New York City". The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. 2024. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  130. ^ "Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights – BK 10" (PDF). Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 18, 2013. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  131. ^ "Welcome to the Bay View School". nyc.gov. January 12, 2015. Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. Retrieved September 24, 2007.
  132. ^ "Welcome". nyc.gov. January 13, 2015.
  133. ^ "The Magnet School of Museum Studies". nyc.gov. January 12, 2015. Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. Retrieved September 24, 2007.
  134. ^ "Bay Ridge Elementary School for the Arts". nyc.gov. February 22, 2019. Archived from the original on February 23, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  135. ^ "Welcome". nyc.gov. April 28, 2015. Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. Retrieved September 24, 2007.
  136. ^ Russo-Lennon, Barbara (September 5, 2024). "These are the 24 new public schools in NYC". amNewYork. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
  137. ^ "Home". holyangelsbayridge.org. Archived from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
  138. ^ "Bay Ridge Prep - An Independent K-12 College Preparatory School - Brooklyn, New York". bayridgeprep.org. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved July 14, 2007.
  139. ^ "DIMITRIOS & GEORGIA KALOIDIS PAROCHIAL SCHOOL". dgkschool.com.
  140. ^ "Bay Ridge Library". Brooklyn Public Library. October 27, 2010. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  141. ^ "Fort Hamilton Library". Brooklyn Public Library. August 19, 2011. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  142. ^ "Subway Map" (PDF). web.mta.info. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  143. ^ "Brooklyn Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  144. ^ "Routes and Schedules: South Brooklyn". NYC Ferry. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  145. ^ "Citywide Ferry Service to Launch in June 2017, Official Says". DNAinfo New York. March 3, 2016. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  146. ^ "New York City's Ferry Service Set to Launch in 2017". NBC New York. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  147. ^ Hernandez, Javier C. "Democratic Candidates Recall Their Humbler Abodes" Archived October 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, April 19, 2013. Accessed July 2, 2019. "Sal F. Albanese, 63, a former city councilman from Brooklyn, seized the opportunity. While he now lives in a $1 million home in Bay Ridge, he said he had once lived in Park Slope — in 1969, 'when it was a working-class neighborhood,' he said — for $60 a month."
  148. ^ Thomas, Landon Jr. (February 12, 2007). "Questions Grow About a Top CNBC Anchor". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2007.
  149. ^ Awerin, Mike. "Bob Berg: Rebel With A Cause" Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Son of Miles, May 7, 1998. Accessed July 2, 2019. "For example, he was married and he and his wife and two children lived in a house with a backyard in the same Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn where he grew up."
  150. ^ Murphy, Tim. "The Evolution of a Jewelry Prince" Archived May 7, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 21, 2012. Accessed January 3, 2021. "To hear Mr. Bittar tell it, he went through it. He was born and raised in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, to a Syrian-Christian father and an Irish-Catholic mother, computer-science professors who traded antiques and designed dresses to supplement their income."
  151. ^ Staff. "Full transcript: Podcaster, entrepreneur and angel investor Jason Calacanis on Recode Media; 'I happen to have the brain chemistry, I believe, that is exactly designed for gambling.'" Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Recode, April 12, 2017. Accessed July 2, 2019. "[Q] You grew up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. [A] Correct."
  152. ^ ""Hamilton Biographer Ron Chernow Finds New York's 'Quietest' Home," Wall Street Journal, August 23, 2016 ("I was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, in a hospital that overlooked the spot in 1776 where the British crossed from Staten Island before facing Washington in the Battle of Brooklyn.")". Wall Street Journal. August 23, 2016. Archived from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved February 13, 2022.
  153. ^ Lambert, Bruce (November 11, 1992). "Chuck Connors, Actor, 71, Dies; Starred as Television's 'Rifleman'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved October 9, 2007.
  154. ^ "Calvert DeForest, A.K.A. Larry 'Bud' Melman 1921-2007". Archived from the original on July 5, 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
  155. ^ Katinas, Paula (February 18, 2014). "Bay Ridge-born Jimmy Fallon Takes Over Tonight Show". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  156. ^ Bennett, Bruce. "Channeling Bay Ridge Past; Brooklyn Director Sets a Coming-of-Age Film in the Neighborhood of His Youth" Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The Wall Street Journal, March 12, 2011. Accessed July 2, 2019. "According to the Brooklyn-born writer and director John Gray, setting his film White Irish Drinkers in the mid-'70s Bay Ridge of his youth and shooting it in the same neighborhood 35 years later offered one immediate practical hurdle."
  157. ^ Stewart, Henry (July 6, 2015). "Did a Cult Writer Grow Up in Bay Ridge and Then Lie About It?". Hey Ridge. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  158. ^ Freedman, Samuel G. "Actor Who Played An Addict Dies, Apparently Of Overdose" Archived April 26, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, November 9, 1983. Accessed July 2, 2019. "Mr. Hayden's life had taken him from a troubled childhood in Brooklyn to the verge of stardom. He ran away from his home in Bay Ridge when he was 14, said Michael Urban, a friend who was a member of the crew of American Buffalo, and he occasionally supported himself by singing in Herald Square."
  159. ^ a b "The Fort Hamilton Streets Named for American Traitors". Hey Ridge. June 26, 2015. Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  160. ^ "Willard F. Jones, 77, Gulf Oil Executive". The New York Times. August 20, 1967. Archived from the original on July 11, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  161. ^ "Juvenile Screen Crown Reached for by Boy Star Formerly of Bay Ridge". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 15, 1932. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  162. ^ Daily News Archive of Walter Kelleher Pictures[permanent dead link]
  163. ^ Cail, Howard L. "Here’s A Goldwyn Quintet In Guys And Dolls" Archived March 20, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Evening Express, September 15, 1955. Accessed March 19, 2023, via Newspapers.com. "June.... A native of Bay Ridge, N.Y., she grew up in Jersey City. Following high school Miss Kirbv went back over the Hudson River to train as a model and study dramatics"
  164. ^ Haglund, David. "How accurate is Wolf of Wall Street?" Archived August 23, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Concord Monitor, January 2, 2014. Accessed August 22, 2023, via Newspapers.com. "Belfort divorced Denise Lombardo, called Teresa in the movie, after meeting Nadine Caridi at a Stratton Oakmont party.... In both the book and the movie Belfort calls her the Duchess of Bay Ridge (or just the Duchess for short) because she was born in England but grew up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn."
  165. ^ "Allyn Ann McLerie, Actress in "Where's Charley?" and "They Shoot Horses, Don't They?" Dies at 91". The Hollywood Reporter. May 28, 2018. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
  166. ^ Jaworski, Ken. "Cooking for Her Men, and Serving the Audience" Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, March 21, 2014. Accessed July 2, 2019. "This good-natured one-woman show at the George Street Playhouse in New Brunswick is based on Giulia Melucci's memoir of the same name.... From her early life in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, through her eventual jobs in publishing in Manhattan, Giulia has a knack for becoming tangled in problematic relationships."
  167. ^ Cohen, Joyce. "A Bachelor Pad for a Brooklyn Comedian" Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, January 7, 2016. Accessed July 2, 2019. "Yannis Pappas found a one-bedroom in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn."
  168. ^ Newman, Andy (August 16, 1999). "Brooklyn Mourns Dodger Who Anchored a Borough". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  169. ^ "5.signs". Archived from the original on November 24, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  170. ^ Winerip, Michael. "Strict but Trusted, Nun Who Leads Girls’ School Is Irreplaceable" Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 13, 2012. Accessed July 2, 2019. "The school is in Bay Ridge, at the foot of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, in the mansion that Diamond Jim Brady bought for the actress Lillian Russell."
  171. ^ Stewart, Henry (October 10, 2014). "Fifty Years Later, Looking for Last Exit". Archived from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  172. ^ McLellan, Dennis. "Hubert Selby Jr., 75; Wrote Existential Novels" Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times, April 28, 2004. Accessed July 2, 2019. "The son of a hard-drinking marine engineer, Selby grew up primarily in the middle-class Brooklyn neighborhood of Bay Ridge."
  173. ^ Eskenazi, Gerald. "Baseball; Saberhagen Comes Up One Strike Short" Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, April 25, 1993. Accessed July 2, 2019. "He knew that the Padres' young hurler, Frank Seminara of Brooklyn's Xaverian High School and Columbia University, was giving the Mets trouble.... Seminara had made a 3,000-mile trip back to New York, brought in 50 family members and friends from Bay Ridge and wound up pitching a strong five and two-thirds innings."
  174. ^ Feeney, Michael J. "Leaving WWE marks a brand new beginning for Brooklyn native Brandon Silvestry" Archived July 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, New York Daily News, January 28, 2011. Accessed July 2, 2019. "'There's this thing about Brooklyn. The sense of pride is huge,' said Silvestry - who now lives in Tampa, Fla. - on a recent visit to his family in Bay Ridge. 'I started out here. I never forgot where I came from.'"
  175. ^ Fernandez, Manny (February 28, 2011). "When Players Like Duke Snider Were Also Neighbors". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 29, 2022. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  176. ^ Stewart, Henry (July 8, 2015). "Where Did Bay Ridge's Best Novelist Live?". Hey Ridge. Archived from the original on May 29, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  177. ^ Yee, Vivian (October 9, 2013). "A Glimpse of Yellen's Career, Chronicled in Her High School Newspaper". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  178. ^ Rothstein, Mervyn (February 25, 1998). "Henny Youngman, King of the One-Liners, Is Dead at 91 After 6 Decades of Laughter". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 12, 2023. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  179. ^ "Between Two Moons by Aisha Abdel Gawad: 9780385548618 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books". PenguinRandomhouse.com. Archived from the original on April 11, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  180. ^ "The Bay Ridge Canon: Lawrence Block Crime Novels". Hey Ridge. January 3, 2017. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  181. ^ "The Bay Ridge Canon: The Narrows by Kenneth H. Brown". Hey Ridge. September 19, 2016. Archived from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  182. ^ Stewart, Henry (July 24, 2015). "The Bay Ridge Canon: Word of Honor by Nelson DeMille". Hey Ridge. Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  183. ^ Stewart, Henry (August 5, 2015). "The Bay Ridge Canon: Virgin with Child by Tom McDonough". Hey Ridge. Archived from the original on August 8, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  184. ^ Selby, Hubert (1986). Song of the Silent Snow. pp. 1–4, 19–30, 57–78.
  185. ^ Stewart, Henry. "Fifty Years Later, Looking for Last Exit". Bklynr. Archived from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  186. ^ Stewart, Henry (August 11, 2014). "Gilbert Sorrentino: The Lost Laureate of Brooklyn". Electric Literature.
  187. ^ Stewart, Henry (November 7, 2016). "Reel Brooklyn: Saturday Night Fever". Brooklyn Magazine. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  188. ^ "White Irish Drinkers Director: "I Love Saturday Night Fever!"". The L Magazine. March 23, 2011. Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  189. ^ "Blue Bloods - The Best Dining Room on TV". September 28, 2012. Archived from the original on February 12, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  190. ^ "Bay Ridge is Really Pissed About This New Reality Show". The L Magazine. February 23, 2012. Archived from the original on September 26, 2015. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  191. ^ "Mad Men's Native Brooklynite Explains the Mystery of Her Heritage". The L Magazine.
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bay Ridge, Brooklyn.
  • Rygg, Andreas Nilsen. Norwegians in New York, 1825–1925 (Brooklyn, New York: Norwegian News Co. 1941)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay_Ridge,_Brooklyn&oldid=1255068712"