Battle of Kummuh
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (March 2023) |
The Battle of Kummuh marked the end of the Urartu hold on northern Syria, as Tiglath-pileser III defeated Sarduri II (r. 763–734 B.C.) in 742 B.C.[1][2][3][4]
Tiglath-Pileser III's summary inscriptions indicate that the battle at Kummuh was immediately followed by an Assyrian attack on Urartian territory and a subsequent siege of their capital city.[5]
History
[edit]Urartian campaigns in the west solidified their presence in the region for over fifty years.[3] However, their influence began to wane after Tiglath-pileser III (744–727) defeated Sarduri II and his north Syrian and Anatolian allies in a major battle fought in Kummuh (Commagene) in 742.[3][6] Sarduri II had captured Kummuh somewhere between 746 and 745.[7]
The passage cited above demonstrates the type of control that Urartian kings exerted. They would first attack strategic locations, which would often result in the local ruler surrendering.[3] The ruler would then be reinstated, but would be obliged to provide materials and manpower to the Urartian king as needed. Next, centres along the frontier were detached from the subject territory and integrated into the Urartian state, thereby reducing the subject ruler's power base.[3] The defeated king's treasures were also taken and relocated to Urartian centres. Finally, part of the population would be permanently removed and resettled within Urartu to reinforce the peasantry, armed forces, and garrisons.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Eric H. Cline, Mark W. Graham (2011). Ancient Empires From Mesopotamia to the Rise of Islam. p. 62.
- ^ Francis David Nichol (1976). The Seventh-Day Adventist Bible Commentary The Holy Bible with Exegetical and Expository Comment (2 ed.). p. 62.
- ^ a b c d e f Kuhrt, Amelie (1995). The Ancient Near East, C. 3000-330 BC. p. 557.
- ^ G. R. Tsetskhladze. Archaeology and History of Urartu (Biainili). p. 424.
- ^ Lipiński, Edward (2000). The Aramaeans Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion. p. 218.
- ^ Astour, Michael C. (1979). "The arena of Tiglath-pileser III's campaign against Sarduri II (743 B.C.)" (PDF). Assur. 2 (3). Malibu: Undena Publications: 69–91. ISBN 0-89003-004-9. OCLC 9326427.
- ^ Astour, Michael C. (1979).pp.5–6