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Plethodidae

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Plethodidae Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, Albian–Maastrichtian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Pentanogmius evolutus reconstruction

Rhamphoichthys taxidiotis reconstruction
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	†Tselfatiiformes
Family:	†Plethodidae Loomis, 1900
Genera
Refer to § Genera
Synonyms
Bananogmiidae Niobraridae Thryptodontidae Tselfatiidae^[1]

Plethodidae is an extinct family of teleost fish that existed during the Late Cretaceous period. Fossils are known from North America, North Africa, and Europe.

Description

Plethodids possessed thin, angelfish-like bodies and often had high dorsal fins which made them distinctive from other types of fish. Their skeletons were partially cartilaginous, though the amount varied from one species to another.^[2]

Genera

Plethodidae contains the following genera:^[3]

References

^ GBIF. “Plethodidae – Checklist View.” Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 2014.
^ Everhart, Mike (23 Aug 2011). "Plethodids". Oceans of Kansas. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
^ Gayet, Mireille; Louis Taverne (2005). "Phylogenetical relationships and paleozoogeography of the marine Cretaceous Tselfatiiformes (Teleostei, Clupeocephala)". Cybium. 29 (1): 65–87. Archived from the original on 2014-04-29.
^ Cooper, Samuel L. A.; Norton, Jack L. (2023-12-01). "Youngest occurrence of a plethodid fish (Teleostei: Tselfatiiformes: Plethodidae) from the Maastrichtian of North Africa". Cretaceous Research. 152: 105673. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105673. ISSN 0195-6671.
^ El Hossny, T.; Cavin, L.; Kaplan, U.; Schwermann, A. H.; Samankassou, E.; Friedman, M. (2023). "The first articulated skeletons of enigmatic Late Cretaceous billfish-like actinopterygians". Royal Society Open Science. 10 (12). doi:10.1098/rsos.231296. PMC 10698480.

Teleostei sensu de Pinna, 1996 (= Teleosteomorpha)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii

- see Actinopterygii

see Neopterygii
Teleostei	see below↓

†Atacamichthys †Baleiichthys †Barschichthys †Bunoderma †Ceramurus †Diplospondichthys? †Dorsetichthys †Elpistoichthys †Eurycormus †Galkinia †Grimmenichthys †Hengnania †Hulettia? †Hungkiichthys †Ichthyokentema †Jialingichthys †Koonwarria †Ligulella †Luxembourgichthys †Majokia †Marcopoloichthys †Neobaleiichthys †Oligopleurus? †Pholidophorichthys †Pholidophoroides †Pholidophoropsis †Prohalecites †Ruedersdorfia †Seefeldia †Seinstedtia †Signeuxella
†Pachycormidae	Asthenocormus Australopachycormus Bonnerichthys Eugnathides? Euthynotus Germanostomus Haasichthys Hypsocormus Kaykay Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus
†Aspidorhynchidae	Aspidorhynchus Belonostomus Jonoichthys Pseudovinctifer Richmondichthys Vinctifer
†Pholidophoridae sensu stricto	Annaichthys Ceneichthys Eopholidophorus Knerichthys Lombardichthys Malingichthys Parapholidophorus Pholidoctenus Pholidophoretes Pholidophorus Pholidorhynchodon Pseudopholidoctenus Zambellichthys
†Archaeomaenidae	Aphnelepis Archaeomaene Gurvanichthys Oreochima Wadeichthys Zaxilepis
†Siyuichthyidae	Bogdaichthys Dsungarichthys Manasichthys Siyuichthys Wukangia
†Pleuropholidae	Austropleuropholis Gondwanapleuropholis Parapleuropholis Pleuropholis Zurupleuropholis
†Ankylophoridae	Ankylophorus Lehmanophorus Neopholidophoropsis Pholidophoristion Siemensichthys Songaichthys Steurbautichthys
†Catervariolidae	Catervariolus Kisanganichthys Songanella
Teleosts with cycloid scales	see below↓
Otolith taxa	†Archengraulis †Bicavolithus †Doggerichthys †Sphaeronchus †Xenoleptolepis

Leedsichthys problematicus

Ichthyokentema purbeckensis

Teleosts with cycloid scales

Teleosts with cycloid scales

†Leptolepidae

†Luisiellidae

†Ascalaboidae

†Crossognathiformes

Bavarichthys Chongichthys Salminops?
Varasichthyidae?	Bobbichthys Domeykos Luisichthys Protoclupea Varasichthys
Notelopidae	Bavarichthys? Michin? Notelops Nusaviichthys
Crossognathidae	Apsopelix Crossognathus
Pachyrhizodontidae	Apricenapiscis Aquilopiscis Cavinichthys Chongichthys? Elopopsis Goulmimichthys Greenwoodella Kradimus Lebrunichthys Michin? Motlayoichthys Nardopiscis Pachyrhizodus Platinx Polcynichthys Rhacolepis Stanhopeichthys Tingitanichthys

†Ichthyodectiformes

Africathrissops Allothrissops Altamuraichthys Antarctithrissops Ascalabothrissops? Capassoichthys Carsothrissops Dugaldia Faugichthys Furloichthys Garganoichthys Gillicus Occithrissops Ogunichthys Pachythrissops? Prymnetes Sultanuvaisia Thrissops Verraesichthys
Chuhsiungichthyidae	Chuhsiungichthys Jinjuichthys Mesoclupea
Bardackichthyidae	Amakusaichthys? Bardackichthys Heckelichthys?
Cladocyclidae	Aidachar Chirocentrites Chiromystus Cladocyclus Cladocynodon Eubiodectes
Ichthyodectidae	Cooyoo Ghrisichthys Ichthyodectes Postredectes Xiphactinus
Saurodontidae	Gwawinapterus Prosaurodon Saurocephalus Saurodon Unamichthys Vallecillichthys

Crown-Teleostei

- see below↓

Xiphactinus audax

Crown-Teleostei

- see Elopomorpha

†Orthogonikleithridae

Osteoglossomorpha

- see Osteoglossomorpha

†Tselfatiiformes

Eoplethodus
Protobramidae	Abisaadichthys Eusebichthys Protobrama
Plethodidae	Bachea Bananogmius Concavotectum Dixonanogmius Enischnorhynchus Luxilites Martinichthys Moorevillia Niobrara Paranogmius Pentanogmius Plethodus Pseudonogmius Pseudothryptodus Rhamphoichthys Syntegmodus Thryptodus Tselfatia Zanclites

Otocephala
Euteleostei

Pentanogmius evolutus

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