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Ayutthaya Historical Park

Coordinates: 14°21′N 100°35′E / 14.350°N 100.583°E / 14.350; 100.583
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Historic City of Ayutthaya
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Plan of Ayutthaya historical park
LocationAyutthaya, Thailand
CriteriaCultural: iii
Reference576
Inscription1991 (15th Session)
Area289 ha
Coordinates14°20′52″N 100°33′38″E / 14.34778°N 100.56056°E / 14.34778; 100.56056
Ayutthaya Historical Park is located in Thailand
Ayutthaya Historical Park
Location of Ayutthaya Historical Park in Thailand

Ayutthaya Historical Park (Thai: อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์พระนครศรีอยุธยา (Pronunciation)) covers the ruins of the old city of Ayutthaya, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, Thailand. The city of Ayutthaya was founded by King Ramathibodi I in 1351,[a] though it is likely to be significantly older, based on evidence showing that the area was already populated during the Mon Dvaravati period. Sources further mention that around 850 AD, the Khmers occupied the area and established a stronghold there, naming it Ayodhya, after one of the holiest Hindu cities in India of the same name. The early history of Ayutthaya is connected to this Khmer settlement.[1][2] Additionally, Prince Damrong has also attested to the existence of a city named Ayodhya, founded by the Khmers ruling from Lopburi at the point where the three rivers meet.[3] An excavation map shows traces of an ancient baray (water reservoir) close to the southwestern tip of Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon, which could have been built on a former important Khmer temple complex.[4]

The city was captured by the Burmese in 1569. Though not pillaged, it lost "many valuable and artistic objects."[5]: 42–43  It was the capital of the country until its destruction by the Burmese army in 1767.[6]

In 1969, the Fine Arts Department of Thailand began renovations of the ruins, scaling up the project after the site was declared a historical park in 1976. Part of the park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991.[7]

Park sites

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  • Chedi of Wat Phra Sri Sanphet
    Chedi of Wat Phra Sri Sanphet
  • Wat Mahathat
    Wat Mahathat
  • Wat Ratchaburana
    Wat Ratchaburana
  • Wat Yanasen
    Wat Yanasen
  • Wat Phra Ram
    Wat Phra Ram
  • Wat Thammikarat
    Wat Thammikarat
  • Wat Phra Si Sanphet
    Wat Phra Si Sanphet
  • The head of Buddha, Wat Mahathat
    The head of Buddha, Wat Mahathat
  • Altar in Wat Chaiwatthanaram
    Altar in Wat Chaiwatthanaram
  • Headless statues
    Headless statues
  • Wat Chaiwatthanaram
    Wat Chaiwatthanaram
  • The head of Buddha, Wat Mahathat
    The head of Buddha, Wat Mahathat

See also

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Notes

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a The city was founded on Friday, the 6th day of the waxing moon of the 5th month, 1893 Buddhist Era, corresponding to Friday, 4 March 1351 Common Era, according to the calculation of the Fine Arts Department of Thailand.[8]

References

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  1. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Temples & Ruins - Wat Ayodhya". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  2. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Temples & Ruins - Wat Thammikarat". ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  3. ^ Kasetsiri, Charnvit (July 1979). "The Rise of Ayudhya: A History of Siam in the Fourteenth to Fifteenth Centuries" (PDF): 31. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Temples & Ruins - Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  5. ^ Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited
  6. ^ "Historic City of Ayutthaya - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  7. ^ "Ayutthaya, Thailand". KhaoSanRoad.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  8. ^ Rotchanaratha, Wina, ed. (1999). Prachum Phongsawadan Chabap Kanchanaphisek Lem Nueng ประชุมพงศาวดาร ฉบับกาญจนาภิเษก เล่ม ๑ [Golden Jubilee Collection of Historical Archives, Volume 1] (in Thai). Bangkok: Fine Arts Department of Thailand. p. 211. ISBN 9744192151.
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