Arthur Richard Dillon
The most reverend Arthur Richard Dillon | |
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Archbishop of Narbonne | |
In office 1763–1790 | |
Preceded by | Charles-Antoine de la Roche-Aimon |
Succeeded by | Guillaume Besaucèle |
Personal details | |
Born | 14 September 1721 Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, France |
Died | 5 July 1806 London | (aged 84)
Parents |
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Arthur Richard Dillon (1721–1806) was archbishop of Narbonne in France. He was the youngest son of Arthur Dillon (1670–1733), who came to France with Mountcashel's Irish Brigade. At the French Revolution he refused the civil constitution of the clergy and fled first to Coblenz and then to London.
Birth and origins
[edit]Arthur Richard was born on 15 September 1721 at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye in France.[1] He was the youngest of the five sons of Arthur Dillon and his wife Christina Sheldon. His father was born in 1670 in Ireland, had fought for the Jacobites in the Williamite War and had gone to France as the colonel of Dillon's Regiment with the Irish Brigade in April 1690 when Irish troops were sent to France in exchange for French troops sent to Ireland with Lauzun. He was a younger son of the 7th Viscount Dillon. His father's family was Old English Irish and descended from Sir Henry Dillon who came to Ireland with Prince John in 1185.[2]
Henry's mother was a daughter of Ralph Sheldon, whereas Dominic Sheldon, the English Catholic Jacobite, was her uncle. She was a maid of honour to Queen Mary of Modena, wife of James II.[3] Both parents were thus Jacobites and Catholics.
Arthur had four brothers and several sisters,[4] who are listed in his father's article.
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Career
[edit]Arthur Richard entered the priesthood and was successively curé of Elan near Mézières, vicar-general of Pontoise (1747), Bishop of Evreux (1753), Archbishop of Toulouse (1758), and Archbishop of Narbonne (1763). In that latter capacity, he also was both the Primate of the ecclesiastical region of Gallia narbonensis and ex officio president of the estates of Languedoc.[6]
He devoted himself less to the spiritual direction of his diocese than to the temporal welfare of its inhabitants, carrying out many works of public utility, bridges, canals, roads, harbours, etc.; he had chairs of chemistry and of physics created at the universities of Montpellier and Toulouse, and tried to reduce poverty, especially in Narbonne.[7]
From about the age of fifty he lived with his wealthy, widowed niece, Madame de Rothe. She was born Lucy Cary and was the child of his sister Laura, who had married Lucius Cary, 6th Viscount Falkland. Madame de Rothe had been widowed in 1766. Dillon and Madame de Rothe were lovers, an arrangement considered scandalous even by the jaded standards of the day. They maintained a household primarily at the château de Hautefontaine, where Dillon kept an extravagant hunt. Madame de Rothe brought her daughter Thérèse-Lucy de Dillon, a favourite of Marie Antoinette, the French queen, and her granddaughter Henriette-Lucy, who would become the memoirist Henriette-Lucy, Marquise de La Tour du Pin Gouvernet.
In 1787 and in 1788 he was a member of the Assembly of Notables called together by Louis XVI, and in 1788 presided over the assembly of the clergy.
Exile and death
[edit]Having refused to accept the civil constitution of the clergy,[8] Dillon had to leave Narbonne in 1790. He was replaced by Guillaume Besaucèle, who was the constitutional bishop of Aude. Dillon then emigrated, accompanied by Madame de Rothe, to Coblenz in 1791. Soon afterwards both went to London, where he was visited in 1797 at his home in Thayer Street, Marylebone, by Henriette-Lucy, Marquise de La Tour du Pin Gouvernet.[9]
On 15 July 1801, at Paris, Napoleon and Pope Pius VII signed the Concordat of 1801 and most of the French clergy that had gone into exile or hiding returned to take up again their normal duties. Dillon however disobeyed the pope and rejected the Concordat, probably because it suppressed his see at Narbonne, or because he wanted to avoid paying his debts in France.
On 7 February 1804, Madame de Rothe, his partner, died in London. He survived her by two years and died on 5 July 1806 in London. He was buried in St Pancras churchyard, which was the burial place favoured by the émigré community, as there was no official Catholic cemetery available.[10]
Timeline | ||
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Age | Date | Event |
0 | 1721, 15 Sep | Born, at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye[1] |
11 | 1733, 5 Feb | Father died at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[11] |
25–26 | 1747 | Appointed Vicar-General of Pontoise[6] |
31–32 | 1753 | Appointed Bishop of Evreux[6] |
35–36 | 1757 | Mother died in Paris.[12] |
36–37 | 1758 | Appointed Archbishop of Toulouse[6] |
41–42 | 1763 | Appointed Archbishop of Narbonne[6] |
68–69 | 1790 | Replaced by the constitutional bishop of Aude, Guillaume Besaucèle |
69–70 | 1791 | Fled to Coblenz and soon after to London |
82 | 1804, 7 Feb | Partner, Madame de Rothe, died in London. |
84 | 1806, 5 Jul | Died in London |
Final resting place
[edit]Dillon's grave on Old St. Pancras churchyard seems to have been disturbed in some ways during the cutting of the Midland Railway in 1865, as his name appears on the list of graves of important persons affected by that event on the Burdett-Coutts memorial, erected at that occasion. Between March 2002 and June 2003, part of the St Pancras Old Church graveyard was excavated[13] in preparation for the London terminus of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link. During the archaeological investigation, Dillon's body was found to have been buried wearing a set of porcelain dentures. It is believed that he purchased them from a Parisian dentist named Nicholas de Chemant.[14]
In March 2007 the body of Archbishop Dillon was returned to France and now lies in Narbonne Cathedral.[15][16] On 19 May 2008, the porcelain dentures were accessioned into the Cobbe Museum (currently housed at Hatchlands, East Clandon).
Notes and references
[edit]Notes
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b Fisquet 1867, p. 75. "D'origine irlandaise, il naquit à Saint-Germain-en-Laye le 15 septembre 1721 ..."
- ^ Webb 1878, p. 149, line 7. "... [Sir Henry Dillon] came to Ireland in 1185 as secretary to Prince John ..."
- ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 646, right column, line 18. "He m. [married] Christina, Maid of Honour to Mary, wife of James II), dau. of Ralph Sheldon, and d. 5 Feb. 1733 ..."
- ^ O'Callaghan 1854, p. 48, line 36a. "Lieutenant-General Arthur Dillon, besides daughters, had 5 sons."
- ^ La Tour du Pin 1913a, pp. 14–15. "Note généalogique sur la Maison des Lords Dillon"
- ^ a b c d e Sollier 1913, p. 797. "... curé of Elan near Mezière; Vicar-General of Pontoise, 1747; Bishop of Evreux, 1753; Archbishop of Toulouse, 1758; Archbishop of Narbonne and Primate of France, 1763."
- ^ Chisholm 1910, p. 273. "... and tried to reduce the poverty, especially in Narbonne."
- ^ Lavergne 1864, p. 416. "... refusa le serment et mourut dans Témigrationj"
- ^ La Tour du Pin 1913b, p. 159. "Un matin donc, je me dirigeai vers Thayer Street ..."
- ^ a b Fisquet 1867, p. 77. "Mgr Dillon mourut à Londres le 5 juillet 1806 et fut inhumé dans le cimetière de l'église de Saint-Pancras de cette ville, où nous avons vu les débris de sa modeste tombe."
- ^ O'Callaghan 1854, p. 48, line 38. "... died February 5th, at the Palace of St. Germain-en-Laye, aged 63 years."
- ^ O'Callaghan 1854, p. 48, line 35. "... [his mother] died in Paris in 1757, aged 77 ..."
- ^ Emery, P.A., and Wooldridge, K., 2011, St Pancras burial ground: excavations for St Pancras International, the London terminus of High Speed 1, 2002-3, Gifford (now Ramboll) Monograph
- ^ Powers, N.I., 2006 ‘Archaeological evidence for dental innovation: an 18th-century porcelain dental prosthesis belonging to Archbishop Arthur Richard Dillon’, Brit Dental J 201, 459-63
- ^ Commission Archéologique et Littéraire de Narbonne, 2008, Arthur-Richard Dillon, dernier Président-Né des Etats de Languedoc, de 1763 à 1790, Bulletin de la Commission Archéologique et Littéraire de Narbonne 51, 27-36
- ^ Bingham, David (30 April 2014). "The Archbishop of Narbonne's Teeth; Arthur Richard Dillon, 1721–1806, St Pancras burial ground". The London Dead. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
Sources
[edit]- Burke, Bernard; Burke, Ashworth Peter (1915). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage (77th ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1155471554.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 273.
- Fisquet, Honoré Jean Pierre (1867). La France pontificale (Gallia christiana) Histoire chronologique et biographique des archevêques at évêques de tous les diocèses de France depuis l'établissement du christiansme jusqu'à nos jours: Metropole de Rouen: Evreux (in French). Paris: E. Repos. OCLC 496333101.
- La Tour du Pin, Henriette-Lucy, Marquise de (1913a). Journal d'une femme de cinquante ans [Diary of a Woman in her Fifties] (in French). Vol. I (7th ed.). Paris: Librairie Chapelot. OCLC 1047408815.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - La Tour du Pin, Henriette-Lucy, Marquise de (1913b). Journal d'une femme de cinquante ans [Diary of a Woman in her Fifties] (in French). Vol. II (7th ed.). Paris: Librairie Chapelot. OCLC 1047478749.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Lavergne, Léonce Guilhaud de (1864). Les Assemblées provinciales sous Louis XVI. Paris: Michel Levy frères. OCLC 253663732.
- O'Callaghan, John Cornelius (1854). History of the Irish Brigades in the Service of France. New York: P. O'Shea Publisher. OCLC 1046538374.
- Sollier, J. F. (1913). "Dillon, Artur-Richard". In Herbermann, Charles George (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. IV. New York: The Encyclopedia Press. p. 797. OCLC 1157968788.
- Webb, Alfred (1878). "Dillon, Sir Henry". Compendium of Irish Biography. Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son. p. 149. OCLC 122693688.
Further reading
[edit]- La Tour du Pin, Henriette-Lucy, Marquise de (1920). Recollections of the Revolution and the Empire. Translated by Geer, Walter. New York: Brentano's.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (an abridged translation) - Moorehead, Caroline (2009). Dancing to the Precipice: The Life of Lucie de la Tour du Pin, Eyewitness to an Era. London: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 978-0-7011-7904-5.
- L. Audibret, Le Dernier President des Etats du Languedoc, Mgr. Arthur Richard Dillon, archevêque de Narbonne (Bordeaux, 1868);