Hesperiini
(Redirected from Apaustina)
| Hesperiini | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male large skipper (Ochlodes sylvanus) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hesperiidae |
| Subfamily: | Hesperiinae |
| Tribe: | Hesperiini Latreille, 1809 |
| Subtribes | |
| |
The Hesperiini or branded grass skippers[1] are a tribe in the Hesperiinae subfamily of skipper butterflies. They are known as branded grass skippers because all the males in this tribe feature a black diagonal brand of scales on their forewings that exude pheromones to attract females.[1] Some subspecies of Hesperiini, such as Thespius Maacki, are found in high-altitude grasslands in areas like Araçatuba Mountain in Paraná, Brazil.[2]
Genera
[edit]- Adlerodea Hayward, 1940
- Alerema Hayward, 1942[3]
- Alychna Grishin, 2019[4]
- Amblyscirtes Scudder, 1872
- Anatrytone
- Apaustus Hübner, [1819][4]
- Arita Evans, 1955
- Aroma Evans, 1955
- Artines Godman, 1901
- Artonia Grishin, 2019[4]
- Atalopedes
- Atrytone
- Atrytonopsis
- Barrolla[4]
- Brownus[4]
- Bruna Evans, 1955
- Buzella Grishin, 2019[4]
- Buzyges
- Caligulana
- Callimormus Scudder, 1872
- Cantha Evans, 1955[3]
- Carystus Hübner, 1819
- Chitta Grishin, 2019[4]
- Chloeria Mabille, [1904][5]
- Choranthus
- Cobalus Hübner, 1819[3]
- Cobalopsis Godman, 1900
- Conga
- Contrastia Grishin, 2022[3]
- Coolus[4]
- Corra Grishin, 2019[4]
- Crinifemur Steinhauser, 2008
- Cumbre Evans, 1955
- Cyclosma
- Cymaenes Scudder, 1872
- Cynea
- Damas[4]
- Daron[4]
- Decinea
- Dion Godman, 1901
- Dubia[4]
- Dubiella Evans, 1936[3]
- Duroca Grishin, 2019[4]
- Ebusus Evans, [1955][3]
- Eprius Godman, 1901
- Euphyes[6]
- Eutocus Godman, 1901
- Eutus Grishin, 2022[3]
- Eutychide Godman, 1900
- Evansiella Hayward, 1948[5]
- Falga[4]
- Fidius Grishin, 2019[4]
- Flaccilla[4]
- Gallio Evans, 1955
- Godmia Grishin, 2022[3]
- Gracilata Grishin, 2022[3]
- Gubrus Grishin, 2022[3]
- Gufa Grishin, 2022[3]
- Halotus Godman, 1900
- Haza[4]
- Hermio Grishin, 2022[3]
- Hesperia
- Holguinia
- Hylephila
- Igapophilus Mielke, 1980
- Inglorius Austin, 1997
- Joanna Evans, 1955
- Justinia[4]
- Koria Grishin, 2022[3]
- Lamponia Evans, 1955
- Lattus Grishin, 2022[3]
- Lento Evans, 1955
- Lerema Scudder, 1872
- Lerodea Scudder, 1872
- Levina (Plötz, 1884)
- Libra
- Librita
- Limochores[3]
- Lindra
- Linka
- Lon Grishin, 2019[4]
- Lucida Evans, 1955
- Ludens Evans, 1955
- Lurida Grishin, 2019[4]
- Megaleas Godman, 1901
- Metrocles[3]
- Methion[4]
- Methionopsis[4]
- Metron
- Mielkeus[4]
- Mit Grishin, 2022[3]
- Mnasicles Godman, 1901
- Mnasides Godman, 1901
- Mnasitheus Godman, 1900
- Mnestheus Godman, 1901
- Moeris Godman, 1900
- Molla Evans, 1955
- Molo
- Monca Evans, 1955
- Mucia Godman, 1900
- Naevolus Hemming, 1939
- Neoxeniades Hayward, 1938
- Nastra Evans, 1955
- Niconiades Hübner, 1821
- Notamblyscirtes[6]
- Noxys[3]
- Nyctelius
- Ochlodes
- Oeonus
- Oligoria[6]
- Onespa
- Onophas Godman, 1900
- Orthos Evans, 1955[4]
- Oxynthes
- Panca Evans, 1955
- Papias Godman, 1900
- Paracarystus Godman, 1900
- Parachoranthus
- Paratrytone
- Pares Bell, 1959[4]
- Parphorus Godman, 1900
- Peba Mielke, 1968
- Phanes Godman, 1901
- Phemiades
- Pheraeus Godman, 1900
- Phlebodes Hübner, 1819
- Picova Grishin, 2022[3]
- Poanes[6]
- Polites[6]
- Pompeius[6]
- Problema
- Propapias[4]
- Pseudocopaeodes
- Psoralis Mabille, 1904
- Punta Evans, 1955
- Pyrrhocalles
- Quasimellana
- Racta
- Radiatus Mielke, 1968
- Ralis Grishin, 2019[4]
- Rectava Grishin, 2022[3]
- Rhinthon Godman, 1900
- Rhomba Grishin, 2022[3]
- Rigga[4]
- Saturnus Evans, 1955
- Serdis
- Sodalia Evans, 1955
- Stinga
- Synapte[4]
- Sucova (Schaus, 1902)
- Talides Hübner, [1819][3]
- Tava[4]
- Telles Godman, 1900[5]
- Tellona Evans, 1955[4]
- Testia Grishin, 2019[4]
- Thargella Godman, 1900
- Thespieus
- Thoon Godman, 1900
- Thracides Hübner, 1819[3]
- Tigasis Godman, 1901
- Tirynthia
- Tirynthoides
- Tricrista Grishin, 2019[4]
- Tromba Evans, 1955[4]
- Tisias Godman, 1901[5]
- Turesis[4]
- Turmosa[4]
- Vacerra
- Veadda Grishin, 2019[4]
- Vehilius Godman, 1900
- Venas Evans, 1955
- Vernia Grishin, 2019[4]
- Vertica Evans, 1955
- Vettius Godman, 1901
- Vidius Evans, 1955
- Vinius Godman, 1900
- Vinpeius Austin, 1997
- Virga Evans, 1955
- Viridina Grishin, 2019[4]
- Vistigma Hayward, 1939
- Wallengrenia
- Xeniades
- Zalomes Bell, 1947[4]
- Zariaspes Godman, 1900
- Zetka[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Hoskins, Adrian (2015). Butterflies of the World. London Sydney Auckland: Reed New Holland Publishers. p. 121. ISBN 9781921517334.
- ^ Carneiro, Eduardo; Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo (2014). THESPIEUS MAACKISP NOV. (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE, HESPERIINI): A NEW SKIPPER FROM SOUTHERN BRAZILIA. Curitiba, Parana, Brazil: Laboratorio de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoología, Universidade Federal do Parana.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick (2022-03-14). "Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)". Insecta Mundi.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Cong, Qian; Zhang, Jing; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick (2019). "Fifty new genera of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)". Insecta Mundi. 0731: 1–56.
- ^ a b c d Warren, Andrew D.; Ogawa, Joshua R.; Brower, Andrew V. Z. (October 2008). "Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea)". Cladistics. 24 (5): 642–676. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00218.x.
- ^ a b c d e f "Hesperiinae Subfamily Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-05-05.