Taiwanofungus camphoratus
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| Taiwanofungus camphoratus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Polyporales |
| Genus: | Taiwanofungus |
| Species: | T. camphoratus
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| Binomial name | |
| Taiwanofungus camphoratus (M.Zang & C.H.Su) Sheng H.Wu, Z.H.Yu, Y.C.Dai & C.H.Su (as comphoratus) (1994)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Taiwanofungus camphoratus, also known as stout camphor fungus, is a species of fungus that is endemic to Taiwan, where it grows only on the endemic aromatic tree Cinnamomum kanehirae, causing a brown heart rot.
Traditional medicine
[edit]It is used in Taiwanese traditional medicine as a purported remedy for cancer, hypertension, and hangover.[2] The annual market is worth over $100 million (US) in Taiwan alone. The 32.15 Mb genome containing 9,254 genes has been sequenced.[3]
Taiwanofungus camphoratus has been found to produce anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects in high-fat diet-fed mice.[4]
Chemical constituents
[edit]Antcin B, antrodioxolanone, antrocamphin B, antroquinonol, antrocamphins, zhankuic acids, and other antcins have been reported as constituents of Taiwanofungus camphoratus.
Ecological concern
[edit]Because of its use as an herbal remedy, fruiting bodies of the fungus can fetch high prices. Good quality fruiting bodies were reported to cost as much as US$15,000/kg in 1997, before artificial cultivation methods were developed.[5] Some have illegally farmed the fungus in the forests of Taiwan by hollowing out endangered stout camphor trees (Cinnamomum kanehirae).[6] This is despite the equal potency of T. camphotatus grown in a laboratory.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ "Taiwanofungus camphoratus". NCBI Taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
Antrodia camphorata synonym: Taiwanofungus comphoratus synonym: Ganoderma comphoratus synonym: Ganoderma camphoratum synonym: Antrodia cinnamomea
- ^ Liu, Y. W.; et al. (2012). "Protective effects of Antrodia cinnamomea against liver injury". Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 2 (4): 284–294. doi:10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30114-6. PMC 3942906. PMID 24716143.
- ^ Lu, MY.; Fan, WL.; Wang, WF.; Chen, T.; Tang, YC.; Chu, FH.; Chang, TT.; Wang, SY.; Li, MY.; Chen, Y. H.; Lin, Z. S.; Yang, K. J.; Chen, S. M.; Teng, Y. C.; Lin, Y. L.; Shaw, J. F.; Wang, T. F.; Li, W. H. (Oct 2014). "Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea for its metabolite biosynthesis and sexual development". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (44): E4743–52. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111E4743L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1417570111. PMC 4226107. PMID 25336756.
- ^ C-J Chang; C-C Lu; C-S Lin; J Martel; Y-F Ko; DM Ojcius; T-R Wu; Y-H Tsai; T-S Yeh; J-J Lu; H-C Lai & JD Young (2018). "Antrodia cinnamomea reduces obesity and modulates the gutmicrobiota in high-fat diet-fed mice" (PDF). International Journal of Obesity. 2018: 231–243.
- ^ Wu SH, Ryvarden L, Chang TT (1997). "Antrodia camphorata ("niu-chang-chih"), new combination of a medicinal fungus in Taiwan". Bot Bull Acad Sin. 38: 273–275.
- ^ China Post news staff (12 March 2012). "Taitung takes action to help prevent loss of Ligavon's last ancient camphor". Taiwan: The China Post. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
Many timber thieves drill away stout camphor trunks, collecting the fungi, selling the timber, and leaving gigantic "tunnels" in the enormous trees' trunks.
- ^ China Post news staff (2 March 2010). "Cultivated camphor fungi as effective as wild ones". Taiwan: The China Post. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
The medical effect of wild stout camphor fungi is the same as cultivated ones, according to a study of the Department of Forestry at National Chung Hing University (NCHU).
Further reading
[edit]- Chang, Tun-Tschu, and Wang, Wu-Rong. "Basidiomatal formation of Antrodia cinnamomea on artificial agar media." Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 46 (2005).
- Yang, Fan-Chiang; Huang, Hui-Chin; Yang, Ming-Je (2003). "The influence of environmental conditions on the mycelial growth of Antrodia cinnamomea in submerged cultures". Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 33 (4): 395–402. doi:10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00136-4. ISSN 0141-0229.
- Lin, Ting-Yu; Chen, Chieh-Yin; Chien, Shih-Chang; Hsiao, Wen-Wei; Chu, Fang-Hua; Li, Wen-Hsiung; Lin, Chin-Chung; Shaw, Jei-Fu; Wang, Sheng-Yang (2011). "Metabolite Profiles for Antrodia cinnamomea Fruiting Bodies Harvested at Different Culture Ages and from Different Wood Substrates". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 59 (14): 7626–7635. Bibcode:2011JAFC...59.7626L. doi:10.1021/jf201632w. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 21668009.
- Chang, Tun-Tschu, and Wen-Neng Chou. "Antrodia cinnamomea reconsidered and A. salmonea sp. nov. on Cunninghamia konishii in Taiwan." Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 45 (2004).
External links
[edit]
Media related to Taiwanofungus camphoratus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Taiwanofungus camphoratus at Wikispecies
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