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Eriocapitella × hybrida

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Eriocapitella × hybrida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Eriocapitella
Species:
E. × hybrida
Binomial name
Eriocapitella × hybrida
(L.H.Bailey) Christenh. & Byng
Synonyms[1]
List
    • Anemone × hybrida (L.H.Bailey) Makino
    • Anemone japonica var. hybrida L.H.Bailey

Eriocapitella × hybrida is a hybrid of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae.[1] The parents of the hybrid are E. japonica and E. vitifolia. Cultivars of the hybrid are commonly known as Japanese anemone hybrids.[2]

Description

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Eriocapitella × hybrida is a perennial herbaceous plant up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall. It forms large clumps of dark green, ternate, basal leaves on long petioles (leaf stalks). The pubescent leaflets are ovate, with deep lobes and serrate margins (edges). The inflorescence is a large, loose cyme with semi-double flowers. The flower is approximately 8 cm (3.1 in) across with 7–11 white, pink, or rose sepals (no petals) each having a silky sheen on the backside. The center of the flower is surrounded by prominent golden stamens.[3]

Taxonomy

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Eriocapitella × hybrida was described by Maarten J. M. Christenhusz and James W. Byng in 2018.[4] Like other members of genus Eriocapitella, E. × hybrida was formerly a member of genus Anemone. In particular, the historically important synonym Anemone × hybrida Paxton and the basionym Anemone japonica var. hybrida L.H.Bailey were described in 1848 and 1914, respectively.[5][6][7][8]

Ecology

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Eriocapitella × hybrida along with four other taxa (E. hupehensis, E. japonica, E. tomentosa, and E. vitifolia) are known as fall-blooming anemones.[9] The bloom period depends on the particular cultivar and location, but at Longwood Gardens for example, E. × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte' bloomed from mid September to early November.[3]

Cultivation

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The artificial hybrid Eriocapitella × hybrida was developed at the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1848. As reported by Joseph Paxton at the time, gardeners crossed the so-called Japanese anemone E. japonica with E. vitifolia to produce a hardy fall-blooming hybrid with rose-colored flowers. The parent species were previously brought to England from their native Asia: E. vitifolia was brought from Nepal in 1829 while E. japonica was brought from China in 1844. European horticulturalists in Great Britain, Germany, and France subsequently introduced dozens of cultivars. Commonly called Japanese anemone hybrids, the cultivars of E. × hybrida have single, semi-double, or double flowers with white, pink, or purple sepals.[2][3][6]

At the Chicago Botanic Garden, Rudy experimented with 26 cultivars of fall-blooming anemones over a 5-year period beginning in 1998. His experiments included 18 cultivars of E. × hybrida, of which more than half had a bloom length greater than 48 days.[9]

Cultivar Flower color Flower form Height Width Bloom period Bloom length
E. × hybrida 'Alba'[10] white single mid Sep-late Oct 24.0 days
E. × hybrida 'Alice'[11] pale pink semi-double 32 in. 37 in. mid Sep-early Nov 53.5 days
E. × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson'[12] white single to semi-double 35 in. 20 in. late Aug-mid Nov 64.7 days
E. × hybrida 'Avalanche' white double mid Aug-late Oct 37.0 days
E. × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'[13] white single to semi-double 40 in. 33 in. mid Sep-mid Nov 45.8 days
E. × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte'[14] pale pink semi-double 36 in. 31 in. late Sep-early Nov 25.4 days
E. × hybrida 'Kriemhilde'[15] pink single to semi-double 30 in. 19 in. late Aug-early Nov 56.0 days
E. × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour'[16] pale pink single late Sep-late Oct 16.0 days
E. × hybrida 'Loreley'[17] pink semi-double 0.0 days
E. × hybrida 'Margarete'[18] deep pink semi-double 22 in. 30 in. late Aug-early Nov 49.3 days
E. × hybrida 'Max Vogel'[19] pink semi-double 43 in. 35 in. mid Aug-early Nov 62.5 days
E. × hybrida 'Montrose'[20] pale purple double 27 in. 30 in. mid Sep-early Nov 43.5 days
E. × hybrida 'Richard Ahrens'[21] pink single to semi-double 27 in. 31 in. mid Sep-late Oct 48.7 days
E. × hybrida 'Robustissima'[22] pink single 41 in. 40 in. late Aug-mid Nov 63.0 days
E. × hybrida 'September Charm'[23] pale purple single 30 in. 20 in. late Aug-early Nov 48.2 days
E. × hybrida 'Serenade'[24] pink semi-double 23 in. 40 in. mid Aug-late Oct 64.5 days
E. × hybrida 'Victor Jones' pale pink single 31 in. 35 in. late Aug-mid Oct 53.4 days
E. × hybrida 'Whirlwind'[25] white semi-double 27 in. 35 in. early Sep-early Nov 41.1 days

As of March 2020, the following cultivars of E. × hybrida have gained the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) from the Royal Horticultural Society:[26]

  • E. × hybrida 'Elegans',[27] also known as E. × hybrida 'Max Vogel'
  • E. × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'
  • E. × hybrida 'Königin Charlotte' ('Queen Charlotte')
  • E. × hybrida 'September Charm'

The cultivars E. × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson', E. × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour', and E. × hybrida 'Robustissima' were removed from the AGM list in 2013.

Bibliography

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  • Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
  • Herman, Robert (2004). "Fall-blooming anemones". Fine Gardening. 99: 48–52. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  • Rudy, Mark R. (2004). "Fall-blooming Anemones" (PDF). Plant Evaluation Notes, Issue 25. Chicago Botanic Garden. Retrieved 26 December 2020.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Eriocapitella × hybrida (L.H.Bailey) Christenh. & Byng". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  2. ^ a b Herman (2004).
  3. ^ a b c Anisko, Tomasz (2008). When Perennials Bloom: An Almanac for Planning and Planting. Timber Press. Section: Anemone × hybrida.
  4. ^ "Eriocapitella × hybrida (L.H.Bailey) Christenh. & Byng". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  5. ^ "Anemone × hybrida Paxton". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  6. ^ a b "Anemone hybrida". Paxton's Magazine of Botany, and Register of Flowering Plants. 15: 239. 1849. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  7. ^ "Anemone japonica var. hybrida L.H.Bailey". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  8. ^ Bailey, L. H., ed. (1919). The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture (Volume 1). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Macmillan. pp. 205–206. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  9. ^ a b Rudy (2004).
  10. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Alba'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  11. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Alice'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  12. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Andrea Atkinson'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  13. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  14. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Konigin Charlotte'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  15. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Kriemhilde'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  16. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Lady Gilmour'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  17. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Loreley'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  18. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Margarete'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  19. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Max Vogel'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  20. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Montrose'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  21. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Richard Ahrens'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  22. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Robustissima'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  23. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'September Charm'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  24. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Serenade'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  25. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Whirlwind'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  26. ^ "Ornamentals AGM Plants March 2020" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  27. ^ "Anemone × hybrida 'Elegans'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
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